python进程
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一、进程
python中提供多进程包:multiprocessing,支持子进程,通信,共享内存,执行不同形式的同步,提供了Process、Pipi、Lock等组件
多进程和多线程
多进程和多线程区别:
多线程使用的是CPU的一个核,适合IO密集型
多进程使用的是CPU的多个核,适合运算密集型
1)multiprocessing的方法
cpu_count():统计cpu总数
active_children():获取所有子进程
例子:
#!/usr/bin/env python import multiprocessing p = multiprocessing.cpu_count() m = multiprocessing.active_children() print(p) print(m)
运行结果:
8
[]
2)Process进程
创建一个Process对象:p = multiprocessing.Precess(target=worker,args=(2,))
说明:
target = 函数名字
args = 函数需要的的参数,以tuple形式传入
3)Process常用方法
is_alive():判断进程是否存活
run():启动进程
start():启动进程,会自动调用run方法,常用
join(timeout=):等待进程结束或者知道超时
4)Process常用属性
name:进程名字
pid:进程的pid
例子:
#!/usr/bin/env python import time import multiprocessing def worker(interval): time.sleep(interval) print("hello,China") if __name__ == "__main__": p = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker,args=(5,)) p.start() print(p.is_alive()) p.join(timeout=3) print(p.name) print(p.pid) print("This is end")
运行结果:
True
Process-1
121764
This is end
hello,China
实例: 多进程
import time import multiprocessing def worker(name,interval): print("{0} start" .format(name)) time.sleep(interval) print("{0} end" .format(name)) if __name__ == "__main__": print("main start") print("The computer has {0} core" .format(multiprocessing.cpu_count())) p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker,args=("worker",2)) p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker,args=("worker",3)) p3 = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker,args=("worker",4)) p1.start() p2.start() p3.start() for p in multiprocessing.active_children(): print("The pid of {0} is {1}" .format(p.name,p.pid) ) print("main end")
运行结果:
main start
The computer has 4 core
The pid of Process-1 is 21112
The pid of Process-3 is 20536
The pid of Process-2 is 2116
main end
worker start
worker start
worker start
worker end
worker end
worker end
二、lock组件
当我们用多进程来读写文件时,如果一个写一个读同时进行时不行的,必须一个写完之后,另一个才可以读。因此需要用到一个锁机制进行控制
实例1:多进程不加锁
import multiprocessing import time def add(number,value,lock): print("init,member = {1}".format(value,number)) for i in xrange(1,6): number += value time.sleep(1) print("add {0},number = {1}".format(value,number)) if __name__ == "__main__": lock = multiprocessing.Lock() number = 0 p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=add,args=(number,1,lock)) p3 = multiprocessing.Process(target=add,args=(number,3,lock)) p1.start() p3.start() print("main end")
运行结果:
main end
init,member = 0
init,member = 0
add 1,number = 1
add 3,number = 3
add 1,number = 2
add 3,number = 6
add 1,number = 3
add 3,number = 9
add 1,number = 4
add 3,number = 12
add 1,number = 5
add 3,number = 15
实例2:多进程加锁
import multiprocessing import time def add(number,value,lock): lock.acquire() try: print("init,member = {1}".format(value,number)) for i in xrange(1,6): number += value time.sleep(1) print("add {0},number = {1}".format(value,number)) except Exception as e: raise e finally: lock.release() if __name__ == "__main__": lock = multiprocessing.Lock() number = 0 p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=add,args=(number,1,lock)) p3 = multiprocessing.Process(target=add,args=(number,3,lock)) p1.start() p3.start() print("main end")
运行结果:
main end
init,member = 0
add 1,number = 1
add 1,number = 2
add 1,number = 3
add 1,number = 4
add 1,number = 5
init,member = 0
add 3,number = 3
add 3,number = 6
add 3,number = 9
add 3,number = 12
add 3,number = 15
三、共享内存
两个“同时“读写的文件,其中一个作用的结果对另外一个有影响。multiprocessing提供了Value和Array模块
实例1:多进程内存共享不加锁
import multiprocessing import time def add(number,value1): try: print("init,member = {1}".format(value1,number.value)) for i in xrange(1,6): number.value += value1 time.sleep(1) print("add {0},number = {1}".format(value1,number.value)) except Exception as e: raise e if __name__ == "__main__": lock = multiprocessing.Lock() number = multiprocessing.Value("i",0) p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=add,args=(number,1)) p3 = multiprocessing.Process(target=add,args=(number,3)) p1.start() p3.start() print("main end")
运行结果:
main end
init,member = 0
init,member = 1
add 1,number = 4
add 3,number = 5
add 1,number = 8
add 3,number = 9
add 1,number = 12
add 3,number = 13
add 1,number = 16
add 3,number = 17
add 1,number = 20
add 3,number = 20
实例2: 多进程共享内存加锁
import multiprocessing import time def add(number,value1,lock): lock.acquire() try: print("init,member = {1}".format(value1,number.value)) for i in xrange(1,6): number.value += value1 time.sleep(1) print("add {0},number = {1}".format(value1,number.value)) except Exception as e: raise e finally: lock.release() if __name__ == "__main__": lock = multiprocessing.Lock() number = multiprocessing.Value("i",0) p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=add,args=(number,1,lock)) p3 = multiprocessing.Process(target=add,args=(number,3,lock)) p1.start() p3.start() print("main end")
运行结果:
main end
init,member = 0
add 1,number = 1
add 1,number = 2
add 1,number = 3
add 1,number = 4
add 1,number = 5
init,member = 5
add 3,number = 8
add 3,number = 11
add 3,number = 14
add 3,number = 17
add 3,number = 20
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