题12
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7、char型变量中能不能存贮一个中文汉字?为什么?
char型变量是用来存储Unicode编码的字符的，unicode编码字符集中包含了汉字，所以，char型变量中当然可以存储汉字啦。不过，如果某个特殊的汉字没有被包含在unicode编码字符集中，那么，这个char型变量中就不能存储这个特殊汉字。补充说明：unicode编码占用两个字节，所以，char类型的变量也是占用两个字节。
备注：后面一部分回答虽然不是在正面回答题目，但是，为了展现自己的学识和表现自己对问题理解的透彻深入，可以回答一些相关的知识，做到知无不言，言无不尽。
8、用最有效率的方法算出2乘以8等於几?
2 << 3，
因为将一个数左移n位，就相当于乘以了2的n次方，那么，一个数乘以8只要将其左移3位即可，而位运算cpu直接支持的，效率最高，所以，2乘以8等於几的最效率的方法是2 << 3。
9、请设计一个一百亿的计算器
首先要明白这道题目的考查点是什么，一是大家首先要对计算机原理的底层细节要清楚、要知道加减法的位运算原理和知道计算机中的算术运算会发生越界的情况，二是要具备一定的面向对象的设计思想。
首先，计算机中用固定数量的几个字节来存储的数值，所以计算机中能够表示的数值是有一定的范围的，为了便于讲解和理解，我们先以byte 类型的整数为例，它用1个字节进行存储，表示的最大数值范围为-128到+127。-1在内存中对应的二进制数据为11111111，如果两个-1相加，不考虑Java运算时的类型提升，运算后会产生进位，二进制结果为1,11111110，由于进位后超过了byte类型的存储空间，所以进位部分被舍弃，即最终的结果为11111110，也就是-2，这正好利用溢位的方式实现了负数的运算。-128在内存中对应的二进制数据为10000000，如果两个-128相加，不考虑Java运算时的类型提升，运算后会产生进位，二进制结果为1,00000000，由于进位后超过了byte类型的存储空间，所以进位部分被舍弃，即最终的结果为00000000，也就是0，这样的结果显然不是我们期望的，这说明计算机中的算术运算是会发生越界情况的，两个数值的运算结果不能超过计算机中的该类型的数值范围。由于Java中涉及表达式运算时的类型自动提升，我们无法用byte类型来做演示这种问题和现象的实验，大家可以用下面一个使用整数做实验的例子程序体验一下：
int a = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int b = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int sum = a + b;
System.out.println(“a=”+a+”,b=”+b+”,sum=”+sum);
先不考虑long类型，由于int的正数范围为2的31次方，表示的最大数值约等于2*1000*1000*1000，也就是20亿的大小，所以，要实现一个一百亿的计算器，我们得自己设计一个类可以用于表示很大的整数，并且提供了与另外一个整数进行加减乘除的功能，大概功能如下：
（）这个类内部有两个成员变量，一个表示符号，另一个用字节数组表示数值的二进制数
（）有一个构造方法，把一个包含有多位数值的字符串转换到内部的符号和字节数组中
（）提供加减乘除的功能
public class BigInteger
int sign;
byte[] val;
public Biginteger(String val)
sign = ;
val = ;
public BigInteger add(BigInteger other)
public BigInteger subtract(BigInteger other)
public BigInteger multiply(BigInteger other)
public BigInteger divide(BigInteger other)
备注：要想写出这个类的完整代码，是非常复杂的，如果有兴趣的话，可以参看jdk中自带的java.math.BigInteger类的源码。面试的人也知道谁都不可能在短时间内写出这个类的完整代码的，他要的是你是否有这方面的概念和意识，他最重要的还是考查你的能力，所以，你不要因为自己无法写出完整的最终结果就放弃答这道题，你要做的就是你比别人写得多，证明你比别人强，你有这方面的思想意识就可以了，毕竟别人可能连题目的意思都看不懂，什么都没写，你要敢于答这道题，即使只答了一部分，那也与那些什么都不懂的人区别出来，拉开了距离，算是矮子中的高个，机会当然就属于你了。另外，答案中的框架代码也很重要，体现了一些面向对象设计的功底，特别是其中的方法命名很专业，用的英文单词很精准，这也是能力、经验、专业性、英语水平等多个方面的体现，会给人留下很好的印象，在编程能力和其他方面条件差不多的情况下，英语好除了可以使你获得更多机会外，薪水可以高出一千元。
10、使用final关键字修饰一个变量时，是引用不能变，还是引用的对象不能变？
使用final关键字修饰一个变量时，是指引用变量不能变，引用变量所指向的对象中的内容还是可以改变的。例如，对于如下语句：
final StringBuffer a=new StringBuffer("immutable");
执行如下语句将报告编译期错误：
a=new StringBuffer("");
但是，执行如下语句则可以通过编译：
a.append(" broken!");
有人在定义方法的参数时，可能想采用如下形式来阻止方法内部修改传进来的参数对象：
public void method(final StringBuffer param)
实际上，这是办不到的，在该方法内部仍然可以增加如下代码来修改参数对象：
param.append("a");
11、"=="和equals方法究竟有什么区别？
（单独把一个东西说清楚，然后再说清楚另一个，这样，它们的区别自然就出来了，混在一起说，则很难说清楚）
==操作符专门用来比较两个变量的值是否相等，也就是用于比较变量所对应的内存中所存储的数值是否相同，要比较两个基本类型的数据或两个引用变量是否相等，只能用==操作符。
如果一个变量指向的数据是对象类型的，那么，这时候涉及了两块内存，对象本身占用一块内存（堆内存），变量也占用一块内存，例如Objet obj = new Object();变量obj是一个内存，new Object()是另一个内存，此时，变量obj所对应的内存中存储的数值就是对象占用的那块内存的首地址。对于指向对象类型的变量，如果要比较两个变量是否指向同一个对象，即要看这两个变量所对应的内存中的数值是否相等，这时候就需要用==操作符进行比较。
equals方法是用于比较两个独立对象的内容是否相同，就好比去比较两个人的长相是否相同，它比较的两个对象是独立的。例如，对于下面的代码：
String a=new String("foo");
String b=new String("foo");
两条new语句创建了两个对象，然后用a,b这两个变量分别指向了其中一个对象，这是两个不同的对象，它们的首地址是不同的，即a和b中存储的数值是不相同的，所以，表达式a==b将返回false，而这两个对象中的内容是相同的，所以，表达式a.equals(b)将返回true。
在实际开发中，我们经常要比较传递进行来的字符串内容是否等，例如，String input = …;input.equals(“quit”)，许多人稍不注意就使用==进行比较了，这是错误的，随便从网上找几个项目实战的教学视频看看，里面就有大量这样的错误。记住，字符串的比较基本上都是使用equals方法。
如果一个类没有自己定义equals方法，那么它将继承Object类的equals方法，Object类的equals方法的实现代码如下：
boolean equals(Object o)
return this==o;
这说明，如果一个类没有自己定义equals方法，它默认的equals方法（从Object 类继承的）就是使用==操作符，也是在比较两个变量指向的对象是否是同一对象，这时候使用equals和使用==会得到同样的结果，如果比较的是两个独立的对象则总返回false。如果你编写的类希望能够比较该类创建的两个实例对象的内容是否相同，那么你必须覆盖equals方法，由你自己写代码来决定在什么情况即可认为两个对象的内容是相同的。
12、静态变量和实例变量的区别？
在语法定义上的区别：静态变量前要加static关键字，而实例变量前则不加。
在程序运行时的区别：实例变量属于某个对象的属性，必须创建了实例对象，其中的实例变量才会被分配空间，才能使用这个实例变量。静态变量不属于某个实例对象，而是属于类，所以也称为类变量，只要程序加载了类的字节码，不用创建任何实例对象，静态变量就会被分配空间，静态变量就可以被使用了。总之，实例变量必须创建对象后才可以通过这个对象来使用，静态变量则可以直接使用类名来引用。
例如，对于下面的程序，无论创建多少个实例对象，永远都只分配了一个staticVar变量，并且每创建一个实例对象，这个staticVar就会加1；但是，每创建一个实例对象，就会分配一个instanceVar，即可能分配多个instanceVar，并且每个instanceVar的值都只自加了1次。
public class VariantTest
public static int staticVar = 0;
public int instanceVar = 0;
public VariantTest()
staticVar++;
instanceVar++;
System.out.println(“staticVar=” + staticVar + ”,instanceVar=” + instanceVar);
备注：这个解答除了说清楚两者的区别外，最后还用一个具体的应用例子来说明两者的差异，体现了自己有很好的解说问题和设计案例的能力，思维敏捷，超过一般程序员，有写作能力！
[ 2204阅读 ] 句子简化题 | 细节题 | 排除题 | 推理题 | 目的题 | 句子插入题 | 总结题
任务：课前资料01理论课、03句子分析(每天一个)、04语法课、02词汇题(324每天30)
[ 句子简化题 ] - [ 细节题 ] - [ 排除题 ] - [ 推理题 ] - [ 目的题 ] - [ 出题规律 ] - [ 句子插入题 ] - [ 总结题 ]
[ 句子简化题 ]
[ 句子简化题 - 题型识别 ]
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
[ 句子简化题 - 答题方法 ]
1. 找主干 ( 主干内容相近原则 )
① 原句中有1个主干时，选项不包含该主干，错误
② 原句中有多个主干时，遵循 " 宁多勿少，宁少勿错 "
2. 找逻辑词 ( 逻辑矛盾可排除 )
转折 和 因，转折 和 果，让步 和 因，让步 和 果
although a, (but) b 尽管，但是
3. 找绝比概否 ( " 考点 + 内容 " 检验 )
① 绝对词：only，unique，rarely，just，have to / must，definitely，never ...
② 比较：more，the most，compare，contrast，-er，-est
③ 概括：all，whole，entire ...
④ 否定：
前缀：in- / im- / illegal / irregular，un-，mis-，anti-，dis- / de-(down)，
nonagricultural sector ...
否定单词：no，not，little，lack，replace，avoid，disregard / ignore / neglect ， vanish / perish (死亡，丧生; 毁灭; 腐烂，枯萎; 老化;)，hardly，seldom (不常; 很少; 难得;)，scarce，difficult，problem / problematic (成问题的，有疑问的)
否定词组：too...to，no longer，rather than (而不是) / other than (除...以外)，
lack of (缺乏) / void of (缺乏的)，instead of (而不是…)，take place of... (代替;)
[ 句子简化题 - 例题示范 ]
Animal Signals in the Rain Forest
In the green-to yellow lighting conditions of the lowest levels of the forest, yellow and green would be the brightest colors, but when an animal is signaling, these colors would not be very visible if the animal was sitting in an area with a yellowish or greenish background.
分析：
1. 找主干
① 黄绿最亮
② 信号 看不清
2. 找逻辑词：but
3. 找考点：比 brightest ，否 not be very visible
When an animal is signaling in an area with green-to yellow lighting condition, it's signal will not be visible if the background is brightly lit.
1. 文章主语是黄绿色， 选项主语是信号
2. 文章说的是背景色，选项说的是背景光
In the lowest levels of the forest, an animal's signals are not easily seen unless there is a yellowish or greenish background.
1. 文章主语是黄绿色， 选项主语是信号
2. unless = if not，除非
In the green-to-yellow lighting conditions at the lowest levels of the forest, only signals that are themselves green or yellow will be bright enough to be seen in most areas.
1. 选项中出现了绝对词only，原文没有
Although green and yellow would be the brightest colors near the forest floor, these colors would make poor signals whenever the forest background was also in the green-to-yellow range.
1. 让步( although (虽然; 尽管;) a, [ but ] b )，but在原文中出现了
2. 否定词 poor
[ 句子简化题 - 习题练习 ]
[ 习题 ] 句子简化题 细节题 排除题_we1less的博客-CSDN博客
[ 细节题 ] Factual Information Question 细节题 / 事实信息题
[ 细节题 - 题型识别 ]
第 1 组：问原因； 没有标点符号的从后看
1. According to paragraph 6,large batches of clay writing tablets were stored because the tablets
2. Paragraph 2 suggests that Thomas Edison’s early efforts to develop a motion-picture camera failed because he could not figure out how to
问原因 - 方式
3. According to paragraph 3, what was one cause of the economic problems in Europe of the fourteenth century?
4. According to paragraph 4, what may contribute to high mobility costs in Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan?
5. According to paragraph 3, what is one possible explanation for why American workers change jobs more frequently than workers elsewhere do?
第 2 组：问结果
1. According to paragraph 2, researchers discovered which of the following by playing recordings of songs to chaffinches?
发现了什么
2. According to paragraph 2, what do students reveal about the tendency for workers to change jobs?
揭露了什么
3. Which of the following is a probable effect of the fact mentioned in paragraph 4 that there are few available nesting locations near the Humboldt Current?
影响了
第 3 组：问结果 | 积极 / 消极
1. According to paragraph 3, what advantage do birds gain by hatching all the colony’s eggs at the same time?
积极
2. According to paragraph 2, why did the government place restrictions on dyers?
消极
第 4 组：EXCEPT 排除题的题干是段落的主旨
1. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 2 as characteristic of wild chaffinches EXCEPT :
2. Paragraph 2 claims that yellow-rumped cacique colonies defend themselves from predators in all of the following ways EXCEPT :
[ 细节题 - 答题方法 ] S D S G
S 审题：审题型，问什么 [ 辅助定位答案句 ]
1 疑问句：疑问词 [ what + 相关词汇 ，why，when，where，who，how ... ]
2 陈述句：题干最后 [ was 补全主语，becsuse ]
D 定位：从题干找出 2+ 名词，找到原文的定位句
[ 注：名词为主、考点为辅；名词不与文章标题重复 / 相似；不用人名 ]
特殊情况：剩余部分，没有符合答案的情况
代词：定位句中出现代词 ( 指代前文内容的this )，答案句 = 定位句 + 前句
定位句后一句出现代词， 答案句 = 定位句 + 后句
并列：定位句后一句出现并列 ( at the same time / and / in addition )
答案句 = 定位句 + 后句
全部删减：定位句与题干重复，用选项定位
S 删减： 找到原文定位句后，定位句与题干重复内容删减，保留剩余部分 [ 审题词校验定位句 ]
G 改写：剩余部分 = 选项的改写形式
[ 细节题 - 习题练习 ]
[ 排除题 ]
[ 排除题 - 题型识别 ] EXPECT / NOT
[ 排除题 - 答题方法 ] S D SG
S 审题： 判断题型 EXPECT / NOT，找出该题主要问的内容
D 定位： 提取4选项名词，2+
名词为主、考点为辅
不与文章 [ 标题 | 题干 | 其他选项 ] 重复 / 相似
记忆每个选项最核心的定位词用于在原文找定位句
SG 顺序改写： 按照原文句子顺序，分别定位(完整)选项， 选择错误的一项
错误选项特征：原文没有(无)、与原文相反(反)、不符合题意(偏题，指的是与题干答非所问)
[ 排除题 - 习题练习 ]
[ 推理题 ]
[ 推理题 - 题型识别 ] infer imply suggest support conclude
[ 推理题 - 答题方法 ] S D SG
1. S审题 D定位 S删减 G改写 [ 题干有有效定位词 ] 细节题方式
2. S审题 D定位 S + G 顺序改写 排除题方式
[ 推理题 - 分类 ]
直接对比推理
① unlike a, b ...
b部分出现代词，指代的是句子前面的部分
a = not b
② compare, whereas, while, in contrast, however ...
隐含对比推理
a 少 b 多 --> a < b
a ... are limited，as most ... b
时间对比推理
标志词
① 原文：after, since, later, now, recently, currently ...
② 题干：before, prior to , past, last, of his time
应用：时间对比，相应的事件对比，答案加not
推理题规律：答案句通常为 观点句、解释句、过渡句，不是纯例子
[ 推理题 - 习题练习 ]
[ 目的题 ] 考核作者观点
[ 目的题 - 题型识别 ]
通用问法：
① 疑问句形式：[ why / what reason ] ... the author ... ?
② 陈述句形式：[ the author / passage ] include / offer / mention ... in order to / to suggest / to demonstrate / to emphasize / to
in order to 为了
[ 目的题 - 分类 ]
[ 总分 / 总分总 ] 经常出现的情况：
段落目的 / 段落关系
① what is the main purpose ... paragraph X ?
② how ... paragraph X related to paragraph Y ? / what ... relationship between paragraph X and paragraph Y ?
答案句：(段落目的) 某一段的主旨句 / (段落关系) 某两段中间部分
例子说明观点：重要
① 定位句为纯例子，答案在例子前
② 例子与观点合二为一，答案在本句 ( 主干 + 抽象词汇 )
[ 分总 / 总分总 ] 特殊情况：
标志词：总结 / 结果
therefore / thereby / hence / so / thus / this meant that / making / giving / allowing ...
① 分总 / 总分总：段落靠后位置
② 代词：this meant that
[ 目的题 - 例题示范 ]
TPO-16 Trade and the Ancient Middle East
Paragraph 3
This mode of craft production favored the growth of self-governing and ideologically egalitarian craft guilds everywhere in the Middle Eastern city. These were essentially professional associations that provided for the mutual aid and protection of their members, and allowed for the maintenance of professional standards. The growth of independent guilds was furthered by the fact that surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading; the government left working people to govern themselves, much as shepherds of tribal confederacies were left alone by their leaders. In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian or quasi-egalitarian organizations for fellowship, worship, and production that flourished in this laissez-faire environment, individuals could interact with one another within a community of harmony and ideological equality, following their own popularly elected leaders and governing themselves by shared consensus while minimizing distinctions of wealth and power.
guilds n. (行业)协会;(中世纪的)行会，同业公会
furthered v. 促进;增进
surplus n. 盈余;剩余;过剩;顺差;过剩量;剩余额
primarily adv. 主要地;根本地
left leave过去式 v. 让…处于 离开(某人或某处);遗弃;丢弃
much as 就像 = much as = like
shepherds n. 牧羊人;羊倌
16. The author includes the information that surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading in order to
○support the claim that the mode of production made possible by the craft guilds very good for trade
the mode of production 生产方式
trade n. 贸易;买卖;商业;
○contrast the economic base of the city government with that of the tribal confederacies
contrast n. 明显的差异;对比;对照;
○provide a reason why the government allowed the guilds to be self-controlled
○suggest that the government was missing out on a valuable opportunity to tax the guilds
S：The author ... in order to 目的题
D：阴影
S：阴影标红
G：C 答案标红
[ 目的题 - 习题练习 ]
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[ 出题规律 ]
文章标题
文章标题的用法
1. 定位：有效定位词不与文章标题重复或相似的内容
2. 出题点：逻辑词 + 新内容 [ 不与文章标题重复或相似的内容 ]
应用：辅助定位
文章标题剖析
Europe's Early See trade with Asia
内容模块：地点、时间、事件、方式、关系
成分分析：中心词 (名词) + 定语
新旧观点判断
政治的发展切断了陆路 [ 新 ]
剖析练习
Trade with ancient Middle East
Roman Cultural Influence on Britain [ 时间对比推理 ]
Effects of Commercial revolution
比较 / 对比，分类，因果，问题 / 解决方案
[ 句子插入题 ]
[ 句子插入题 - 题型识别 ]
Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
The cheeping provides important information to the parent, but it could also attract the attention of others.
Where would the sentence best fit?
[ 句子插入题 - 笔记格式 ]
定位：题目主干 + 具体内容 -- 找到原文相似的句子 (定位句)
位置：根据...，放前 / 后
[ 句子插入题 - 题型方法 ]
定位：题目主干 + 具体内容 -- 找到原文相似的句子 (定位句)
① 句子主干信息 (具体)
② 主干为抽象内容时，选用其他成分的内容来定位
位置：
指代关系：代词，the + 名词，指代前文内容，放在定位句后
① 正向考核：题干出现代词
② 逆向思维：原文句子出现代词
段落结构：[ 总 分 ] 题干句子
① 总：句子较短，抽象概括，放在定位句前
② 分：句子较长，具体细节 (包含 for example)，放到定位句后
逻辑检验：
题干句子中出现 however / therefor / further / additional / at the same time / and / then / again 等逻辑词，表示题干句子与原文前句内容有密切联系，放到定位句后
[ 句子插入题 - 例题示范 ]
Begging by Nestlings
Many signals that animals make seem to impose on the signalers costs that are overly damaging. ■A classic example is noisy begging by nestling songbirds when a parent returns to the nest with food. ■These loud cheeps and peeps might give the location of the nest away to a listening hawk or raccoon, resulting in the death of the defenseless nestlings. ■In fact, when tapes of begging tree swallows were played at an artificial swallow nest containing an egg, the egg in that “noisy” nest was taken or destroyed by predators before the egg in a nearby quiet nest in 29 of 37 trials. ■
3. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
The cheeping provides important information to the parent, but it could also attract the attention of others.
Where would the sentence best fit?
定位：the parent -- a parent
位置：the 放后
[ 句子插入题 - 习题练习 ]
[ 2204阅读 ] 句子简化题 | 细节题 | 排除题 | 推理题 例题_we1less的博客-CSDN博客
[ 总结题 ]
[ 总结题 - 题型识别 ]
10. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong to remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT
Answer Choices
[ 总结题 - 笔记格式 ]
① 对应段落
② 对应题目
[ 总结题 - 题型方法 ]
1. 审题 [ 正向做题 ] ：
① 文章标题
② 题干句子：主干
2. 借题做题：借助前面题目对应原文答案的内容 [ 提炼 ]
3. 反向排除 [ minor idears 次要信息 ]
① 例子：时间、地点、人物、事物等。特殊 ( 不作为排除依据 ) ：[ such as ]
② 数字：时间 (second，minute，hour，day，week，month，times，degree)
③ 片面信息：文章标题 / 主题包含2个以上的内容，选项只有一个
[ 总结题 - 习题练习 ]
Step1: 主题
TPO42-2 Explaining Dinosaur Extinction
Over the years, scientists have proposed a number of theories as to why dinosaurs suddenly became extinct about 65 million years ago. 1、2
A. Many explanations for dinosaur extinction have been proposed, but most of them are either called into question by known facts or are merely unsupported hypotheses.
question n. 问题;疑问;
B. Although mammals and dinosaurs appeared at about the same time in the Late Triassic, the K-T event, which marked the end of the dinosaurs, apparently had relatively little impact on mammals.
impact n. 影响;撞击;
C. Focusing on dinosaurs misses the point that the extinction, at about the same time, of the shelled squid-like creatures that dominated the Mesozoic seas was far more scientifically significant.
D. Any satisfactory explanation of the mass extinction of dinosaurs must take into account the fact that the disappearance of dinosaurs was part of global mass extinction.
E. Computerized climate models of global temperature fluctuations support the theory that a huge rock from space hit the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico about 65 million years ago.
F. A huge bolide striking Earth would have created conditions in which most plants
would have died, thus explaining the mass extinction of organisms—including
dinosaurs—further up the food chain.
TPO 10 p3 Seventeenth-Century European Economic Growth
In late sixteenth-and early seventeenth-century Europe, increased agricultural production and the expansion of trade were important in economic growth.
Answer choices
○ Bringing more land under cultivation produced enough food to create surpluses for trade and investment as well as for supporting the larger populations that led to the growth of rural industry.
○ Most rural villages established an arrangement with a nearby urban center that enabled villagers to take advantage of urban markets to sell any handicrafts they produced.
arrangement n. 商定; 约定;
urban adj. 城市的;都市的;城镇的
○ Increases in population and the expansion of trade led to increased manufacturing, much of it small-scale in character but some requiring significant capital investment.
○ Increased capital was required for the production of goods, for storage, for trade, and for the provision of credit throughout of Europe as well as distant markets overseas.
○ Bills of exchange were invented in medieval Italy but became less important as banks began to provide loans for merchants.
○ The expansion of trade was facilitated by developments in banking and financial services and benefitted from the huge influx of capital in the form of gold silver from the Americas.
真题 Effects of Commercial Revolution
A. New kinds of urban centers emerged that focused on commerce and encouraged craft and occupational specializations.
B. Rulers in the last millennium began to promote the material prosperity of their people through support and improvement of commerce.
C. More established commercial centers supplied final products to newer regions in exchange for raw materials.
D. During the first millennium B. C., new political and religious centers arose that based their power on their ability to protect their lands and people.
E. The focus on raw materials switched the balance of power from the manufacturing centers to the control of the exporters of the natural products.
F. Military occupation of neighboring lands became a major means of expanding trade into new territories.
Step2: 借题做题 [ 综合出题情况 & 主题 & 排除法 ]
TPO 10 P2 Variations in the Climate
Climate n. 气候;气候区;倾向;思潮;风气;环境气氛
1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following must we find out in order to determine the impact of human activities upon climate?
2. According to paragraph 2, an advantage of proxy records over instrumental records is that
instrumental n. 器乐曲;工具格;工具词
4. According to paragraph 3, scientists are able to reconstruct proxy temperature records by
6. According to paragraphs 3 and 4, proxy data have suggested all of the following about the climate EXCEPT:
8. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 5 as natural causes of climate change EXCEPT
9. According to paragraph 6, which of the following is true of computer models of the global climate?
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Indeed, the contribution of volcanoes and solar activity would more likely have been to actually reduce the rate of warming slightly.
14. A number of different and complex factors influence changes in the global climate over long periods of time.
Answer choices
A. In the absence of instrumental records, proxy data allow scientists to infer information about past climates.
B. Scientists see a consistent pattern in the global temperature variations that have occurred in the past.
pattern n. 图案;模式;方式;范例;
C. Computer models are used to estimate how the different causes of climate variability combine to account for the climate variability that occurs.
D. Scientists have successfully separated natural climate variation from changes related to human activities.
separated v. (使)分开，分离;分割;划分;
E. Scientists believe that activities outside the global climate system, such as volcanoes and solar activity may have significant effects on the system.
F. Scientists have concluded that human activity accounts for the rapid global warming in recent decades.
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