Python 元类
Posted 蜗牛赛跑
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http://ningning.today/2017/01/25/python/simple-python-metaclass/
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25221072/how-to-write-a-python-abc-with-a-concrete-initializer-in-python-2-6-to-3-5
具体操作例子
查看Flask-restful源码views.py文件
class View(object): """Alternative way to use view functions. A subclass has to implement :meth:`dispatch_request` which is called with the view arguments from the URL routing system. If :attr:`methods` is provided the methods do not have to be passed to the :meth:`~flask.Flask.add_url_rule` method explicitly:: class MyView(View): methods = [‘GET‘] def dispatch_request(self, name): return ‘Hello %s!‘ % name app.add_url_rule(‘/hello/<name>‘, view_func=MyView.as_view(‘myview‘)) When you want to decorate a pluggable view you will have to either do that when the view function is created (by wrapping the return value of :meth:`as_view`) or you can use the :attr:`decorators` attribute:: class SecretView(View): methods = [‘GET‘] decorators = [superuser_required] def dispatch_request(self): ... The decorators stored in the decorators list are applied one after another when the view function is created. Note that you can *not* use the class based decorators since those would decorate the view class and not the generated view function! """ #: A list of methods this view can handle. methods = None #: The canonical way to decorate class-based views is to decorate the #: return value of as_view(). However since this moves parts of the #: logic from the class declaration to the place where it‘s hooked #: into the routing system. #: #: You can place one or more decorators in this list and whenever the #: view function is created the result is automatically decorated. #: #: .. versionadded:: 0.8 decorators = () def dispatch_request(self): """Subclasses have to override this method to implement the actual view function code. This method is called with all the arguments from the URL rule. """ raise NotImplementedError() @classmethod def as_view(cls, name, *class_args, **class_kwargs): """Converts the class into an actual view function that can be used with the routing system. Internally this generates a function on the fly which will instantiate the :class:`View` on each request and call the :meth:`dispatch_request` method on it. The arguments passed to :meth:`as_view` are forwarded to the constructor of the class. """ def view(*args, **kwargs): self = view.view_class(*class_args, **class_kwargs) return self.dispatch_request(*args, **kwargs) if cls.decorators: view.__name__ = name view.__module__ = cls.__module__ for decorator in cls.decorators: view = decorator(view) # We attach the view class to the view function for two reasons: # first of all it allows us to easily figure out what class-based # view this thing came from, secondly it‘s also used for instantiating # the view class so you can actually replace it with something else # for testing purposes and debugging. view.view_class = cls view.__name__ = name view.__doc__ = cls.__doc__ view.__module__ = cls.__module__ view.methods = cls.methods return view class MethodViewType(type): def __new__(cls, name, bases, d): rv = type.__new__(cls, name, bases, d) if ‘methods‘ not in d: methods = set(rv.methods or []) for key in d: if key in http_method_funcs: methods.add(key.upper()) # If we have no method at all in there we don‘t want to # add a method list. (This is for instance the case for # the base class or another subclass of a base method view # that does not introduce new methods). if methods: rv.methods = sorted(methods) return rv class MethodView(with_metaclass(MethodViewType, View)): """Like a regular class-based view but that dispatches requests to particular methods. For instance if you implement a method called :meth:`get` it means it will respond to ``‘GET‘`` requests and the :meth:`dispatch_request` implementation will automatically forward your request to that. Also :attr:`options` is set for you automatically:: class CounterAPI(MethodView): def get(self): return session.get(‘counter‘, 0) def post(self): session[‘counter‘] = session.get(‘counter‘, 0) + 1 return ‘OK‘ app.add_url_rule(‘/counter‘, view_func=CounterAPI.as_view(‘counter‘)) """ def dispatch_request(self, *args, **kwargs): meth = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), None) # If the request method is HEAD and we don‘t have a handler for it # retry with GET. if meth is None and request.method == ‘HEAD‘: meth = getattr(self, ‘get‘, None) assert meth is not None, ‘Unimplemented method %r‘ % request.method return meth(*args, **kwargs)
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