Python操作excel
Posted
tags:
篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了Python操作excel相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。
一、基础
1、基本操作
# 安装 xlwt模块，用于写入excel数据 pip install xlwt # 导入xlwt import xlwt # 新建一个excel文件 file = xlwt.Workbook() # 新建一个sheet table = file.add_sheet(‘sheet name‘) # 写入数据table.write(行,列,value) table.write(0,0,‘test‘) # 如果对一个单元格重复操作，会引发 returns error: # Exception: Attempt to overwrite cell: # sheetname=u‘sheet 1‘ rowx=0 colx=0 # 所以在打开时加cell_overwrite_ok=True 解决 table = file.add_sheet(‘sheet name‘,cell_overwrite_ok=True ) # 保存文件 file.save(‘demo.xls‘) # 另外，使用style # 初始化样式 style = xlwt.XFStyle() #为样式创建字体 font = xlwt.Font() font.name = ‘Times New Roman‘ font.bold = True #为样式设置字体 style.font = font # 使用样式 table.write(0, 0, ‘some bold Times text‘, style) xlwt 允许单元格或者整行地设置格式。还可以添加链接以及公式。可以阅读源代码，那里有例子 dates.py, 展示如何设置不同的数据格式 hyperlinks.py, 展示如何创建超链接 (hint: you need to use a formula) merged.py, 展示如何合并格子 row_styles.py, 展示如何应用Style到整行格子中.
2、操作例子
# 例子1 创建一个简单的excel表 file=xlwt.Workbook() table = file.add_sheet(u‘xx巡检手册‘,cell_overwrite_ok=True) table.write(0,0,u‘数据‘) file.save(u‘巡检手册.xls‘)
# 例子2 创建一个简单的excel表，2个sheet表 # 创建一个excel表 workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding=‘utf-8‘) # 创建一个sheet表 worksheet = workbook.add_sheet(‘我的sheet‘) worksheet2 = workbook.add_sheet(‘我的sheet2‘) # 向表中第一行第二列插入一个数据 worksheet.write(0,1,label=‘这是一个数据‘) worksheet2.write(0,1,label=‘这是一个数据‘) # 保存excel表 workbook.save(u‘xxx巡检手册.xls‘)
# 例子3，加点样式吧 file = xlwt.Workbook(encoding=‘utf-8‘) table = file.add_sheet(‘新兴业务巡检手册‘) # 初始化样式 style = xlwt.XFStyle() # 为样式创建字体 font = xlwt.Font() font.name = ‘Times New Roman‘ # 黑体 font.bold = True # 下划线 font.underline = True # 斜体字 font.italic = True # 设定样式 style.font = font # 不带样式的写入数据 table.write(0,0,‘写入无样式数据啦‘) # 携带样式写入数据 table.write(1,0,‘写入样式数据啦‘,style) file.save(u‘新型业务巡检手册.xls‘)
# 例子4 设置单元格宽度 workbook = xlwt.Workbook() worksheet = workbook.add_sheet(‘My Sheet‘) worksheet.write(0, 0,‘My Cell Contents‘) # 设置单元格宽度 worksheet.col(0).width = 3333 workbook.save(‘cell_width.xls‘)
import xlwt import datetime workbook = xlwt.Workbook() worksheet = workbook.add_sheet(‘My Sheet‘) style = xlwt.XFStyle() style.num_format_str = ‘M/D/YY‘ # Other options: D-MMM-YY, D-MMM, MMM-YY, h:mm, h:mm:ss, h:mm, h:mm:ss, M/D/YY h:mm, mm:ss, [h]:mm:ss, mm:ss.0 worksheet.write(0, 0, datetime.datetime.now(), style) workbook.save(‘Excel_Workbook.xls‘)
import xlwt workbook = xlwt.Workbook() worksheet = workbook.add_sheet(‘My Sheet‘) worksheet.write(0, 0, 5) # Outputs 5 worksheet.write(0, 1, 2) # Outputs 2 worksheet.write(1, 0, xlwt.Formula(‘A1*B1‘)) # Should output "10" (A1[5] * A2[2]) worksheet.write(1, 1, xlwt.Formula(‘SUM(A1,B1)‘)) # Should output "7" (A1[5] + A2[2]) workbook.save(‘Excel_Workbook.xls‘)
import xlwt workbook = xlwt.Workbook() worksheet = workbook.add_sheet(‘My Sheet‘) worksheet.write(0, 0, xlwt.Formula(‘HYPERLINK("http://www.google.com";"Google")‘)) # Outputs the text "Google" linking to http://www.google.com workbook.save(‘Excel_Workbook.xls‘)
write_merge(x, x + m, y, w + n, string, sytle)
x表示行，y表示列，m表示跨行个数，n表示跨列个数，string表示要写入的单元格内容，style表示单元格样式。其中，x，y，w，h，都是以0开始计算的。
# 例子5 合并单元格 workbook = xlwt.Workbook() worksheet = workbook.add_sheet(‘My Sheet‘,cell_overwrite_ok=True) # # Merges row 0‘s columns 0 through 3. worksheet.write_merge(0, 3, 0, 0, ‘First Merge‘) worksheet.write_merge(4, 7, 0, 0, ‘Second Merge‘) # 为什么是4，7 因为都是从0开始计算 workbook.save(‘Excel_Workbook.xls‘)
# 例子6 设置单元格对齐方式 workbook = xlwt.Workbook() worksheet = workbook.add_sheet(‘My Sheet‘,cell_overwrite_ok=True) alignment = xlwt.Alignment() alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER style = xlwt.XFStyle() style.alignment = alignment # # Merges row 0‘s columns 0 through 3. worksheet.write_merge(0, 3, 0, 0, ‘First Merge‘,style) worksheet.write_merge(4, 7, 0, 0, ‘Second Merge‘) workbook.save(‘Excel_Workbook.xls‘)
import xlwt workbook = xlwt.Workbook() worksheet = workbook.add_sheet(‘My Sheet‘) alignment = xlwt.Alignment() # Create Alignment alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER # May be: HORZ_GENERAL, HORZ_LEFT, HORZ_CENTER, HORZ_RIGHT, HORZ_FILLED, HORZ_JUSTIFIED, HORZ_CENTER_ACROSS_SEL, HORZ_DISTRIBUTED alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER # May be: VERT_TOP, VERT_CENTER, VERT_BOTTOM, VERT_JUSTIFIED, VERT_DISTRIBUTED style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style style.alignment = alignment # Add Alignment to Style worksheet.write(0, 0, ‘Cell Contents‘, style) workbook.save(‘Excel_Workbook.xls‘)
# Please note: While I was able to find these constants within the source code, on my system (using LibreOffice,) I was only presented with a solid line, varying from thin to thick; no dotted or dashed lines. import xlwt workbook = xlwt.Workbook() worksheet = workbook.add_sheet(‘My Sheet‘) borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders borders.left = xlwt.Borders.DASHED DASHED虚线 NO_LINE没有 THIN实线 # May be: NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR, MEDIUM_DASHED, THIN_DASH_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, or 0x00 through 0x0D. borders.right = xlwt.Borders.DASHED borders.top = xlwt.Borders.DASHED borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.DASHED borders.left_colour = 0x40 borders.right_colour = 0x40 borders.top_colour = 0x40 borders.bottom_colour = 0x40 style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style style.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style worksheet.write(0, 0, ‘Cell Contents‘, style) workbook.save(‘Excel_Workbook.xls‘)
import xlwt workbook = xlwt.Workbook() worksheet = workbook.add_sheet(‘My Sheet‘) pattern = xlwt.Pattern() # Create the Pattern pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN # May be: NO_PATTERN, SOLID_PATTERN, or 0x00 through 0x12 pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5 # May be: 8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow , almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on... style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create the Pattern style.pattern = pattern # Add Pattern to Style worksheet.write(0, 0, ‘Cell Contents‘, style) workbook.save(‘Excel_Workbook.xls‘)
以上是关于Python操作excel的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章