Day2 Python学习 数组,循环,字符串
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一、学习的内容
1、命令 sys.path()
显示当前环境变量
2、命令os.system("dir")
显示当前目录内的文件,只显示,不保存结果
3、命令text = os.popen("dir").read()
显示当前目录内的文件,可保存结果
4、命令 os.mkdir("new_dir")
创建一个叫“new_dir”的文件夹
5、三元运算
a,b,c = 1,2,3
d = a if a> b else c
结果d =c
6、数据类型转换
字符串转二进制
‘你好’.encode("utf=8")
二进制转字符串
‘\xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd‘.decode("utf-8")
7、数组
name = [“aaa”,"bbb","ccc"]
print(name[0,2]),就是显示,aaa,bbb
print(name[-1]),就是显示,ccc
print(name[-2,-1]),就是显示,bbb,ccc
print(name[:3]),就是显示,aaa,bbb,ccc
name.append("444"),在最后插入
name.insert(1,"555"),插入到1
name.clear(),清空
name.reverse(),反转排序
name.sort(),按字母排序
name.remove("aaa"),删除aaa
name.delete[0],删除0
name.extene([1,2,3,4]),添加数组
name2 = name.copy(),复制,不是引用,比如多层数组,对多层数组只COPY内存地址(指针),要导入 import copy
数组复制的其他写法 name2 = name[:] name2 = list(name)
name2 = name.deepcopy(),深层复制,也能完全复制多层数组
作业:
1、让用户输入工资
2、根据编号购买商品
3、选择商品后,看余额是否购,够就扣钱,不够重选
4、按Q退出,并打出购买过的商品和余额
1 product_list = [ 2 (‘Iphone‘,5800), 3 (‘Mac Pro‘,9800), 4 (‘Bike‘,800), 5 (‘Watch‘,10600), 6 (‘Coffee‘,31), 7 (‘Alex Python‘,120), 8 ] 9 shoping_list = [] 10 gongzi = input("输入工资") 11 if gongzi.isdigit(): #判断是否为数字 12 gongzi = int(gongzi) 13 for index,i in enumerate(product_list): #输出数组位置 14 print(index,i) 15 while True: 16 shangpings = input("输入要购买商品") 17 if shangpings.isdigit(): 18 shangpings = int(shangpings) 19 if shangpings < 6 and shangpings >= 0: 20 aa = product_list[shangpings] 21 if aa[1] <= gongzi: 22 gongzi -= aa[1] 23 print("购买的商品是%s,余额是%s"%(aa[0],gongzi)) 24 shoping_list.append(aa) 25 26 27 else: 28 print("余额不足,只有:",gongzi) 29 else: 30 print("输入错误") 31 elif shangpings == "q": 32 print("-----购买的商品列表------") 33 print(shoping_list) 34 print("余额:", gongzi) 35 exit() 36 else: 37 print("需要输入数字")
字符串操作
1 name.capitalize() 首字母大写 2 name.casefold() 大写全部变小写 3 name.center(50,"-") 输出 ‘---------------------Alex Li----------------------‘ 4 name.count(‘lex‘) 统计 lex出现次数 5 name.encode() 将字符串编码成bytes格式 6 name.endswith("Li") 判断字符串是否以 Li结尾 7 "Alex\tLi".expandtabs(10) 输出‘Alex Li‘, 将\t转换成多长的空格 8 name.find(‘A‘) 查找A,找到返回其索引, 找不到返回-1 9 10 format : 11 >>> msg = "my name is {}, and age is {}" 12 >>> msg.format("alex",22) 13 ‘my name is alex, and age is 22‘ 14 >>> msg = "my name is {1}, and age is {0}" 15 >>> msg.format("alex",22) 16 ‘my name is 22, and age is alex‘ 17 >>> msg = "my name is {name}, and age is {age}" 18 >>> msg.format(age=22,name="ale") 19 ‘my name is ale, and age is 22‘ 20 format_map 21 >>> msg.format_map({‘name‘:‘alex‘,‘age‘:22}) 22 ‘my name is alex, and age is 22‘ 23 24 25 msg.index(‘a‘) 返回a所在字符串的索引 26 ‘9aA‘.isalnum() True 27 28 ‘9‘.isdigit() 是否整数 29 name.isnumeric 30 name.isprintable 31 name.isspace 32 name.istitle 33 name.isupper 34 "|".join([‘alex‘,‘jack‘,‘rain‘]) 35 ‘alex|jack|rain‘ 36 37 38 maketrans 39 >>> intab = "aeiou" #This is the string having actual characters. 40 >>> outtab = "12345" #This is the string having corresponding mapping character 41 >>> trantab = str.maketrans(intab, outtab) 42 >>> 43 >>> str = "this is string example....wow!!!" 44 >>> str.translate(trantab) 45 ‘th3s 3s str3ng 2x1mpl2....w4w!!!‘ 46 47 msg.partition(‘is‘) 输出 (‘my name ‘, ‘is‘, ‘ {name}, and age is {age}‘) 48 49 >>> "alex li, chinese name is lijie".replace("li","LI",1) 50 ‘alex LI, chinese name is lijie‘ 51 52 msg.swapcase 大小写互换 53 54 55 >>> msg.zfill(40) 56 ‘00000my name is {name}, and age is {age}‘ 57 58 59 60 >>> n4.ljust(40,"-") 61 ‘Hello 2orld-----------------------------‘ 62 >>> n4.rjust(40,"-") 63 ‘-----------------------------Hello 2orld‘ 64 65 66 >>> b="ddefdsdff_哈哈" 67 >>> b.isidentifier() #检测一段字符串可否被当作标志符,即是否符合变量命名规则 68 True
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