Python学习心得 字典Dictionary
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前言 . 在Python中字典就是一系列的键值对,一种可变容器,可以存储任意对象,也被称作关联数组或哈希表。
1.基本语法
用一对花括号{}中的一系列键值对表示,键与值之间用冒号分隔,键值对之间用逗号分隔,例如:
blogger = {‘name‘: ‘binguo‘,‘age‘: 27}
2.访问字典中的值
print ‘name:‘+ blogger[‘name‘] +‘ age:‘ +str(blogger[‘age‘])
3.添加键值对
blogger[‘gender‘] = ‘male‘ print blogger #{‘gender‘: ‘male‘, ‘age‘: 27, ‘name‘: ‘binguo‘}
4.修改字典中的值
blogger[‘name‘] = ‘binguo168‘ print blogger[‘name‘] #binguo168
5.删除键值对
del blogger[‘age‘] print blogger #{‘gender‘: ‘male‘, ‘name‘: ‘binguo168‘}
6.遍历所有的键值对
for key,value in blogger.items(): print ‘\nkey:‘+key print ‘value:‘+value ‘‘‘ key:gender value:male key:name value:binguo168 ‘‘‘
7.遍历字典中所有的键
for key in blogger.keys(): print ‘key:‘+key """ key:gender key:name """
#按顺序遍历字典中所有的键 for key in sorted(blogger.keys()): #对blogger.keys()方法调用了 临时性排序函数sorted() print ‘key:‘+key
8.遍历字典中所有的值
for value in blogger.values(): print ‘value:‘+value """ value:male value:binguo168 """ #当字典中含有重复元素时,可以集合(set)予以处理,比如: blogger[‘NameUsedBefore‘] = ‘binguo168‘ #此时blogger字典的value值中就出现了重复元素:[‘male‘, ‘binguo168‘, ‘binguo168‘] print blogger.values() #通过转换集合的方式,剔除了重复元素 for newvalue in set(blogger.values()): print newvalue """ binguo168 male """
9.嵌套(列表中嵌套字典、字典中嵌套列表、字典中嵌套字典)
blogger2 = [{‘name‘:‘bingru‘,‘age‘:26},{‘company‘:‘csdn‘,‘salary‘:‘you guess‘}] for message in blogger2: print message #字典嵌套列表 blogger3 ={‘personmessage‘:[‘binguo‘,‘male‘,‘27‘],‘hobby‘:‘study‘} for key3,value3 in blogger3.items(): print ‘\nkey3:‘ + key3 print value3 #字典嵌套字典 bloggers = {‘binguo‘:{‘gender‘:‘male‘,‘age‘:27}, ‘binguo168‘:{‘hobby‘:‘study‘,‘education‘:‘graduate from primary school‘} } for blogger,blogger_info in bloggers.items(): print ‘\nblogger:‘ + blogger print blogger_info """ blogger:binguo168 {‘hobby‘: ‘study‘, ‘education‘: ‘graduate from primary school‘} blogger:binguo {‘gender‘: ‘male‘, ‘age‘: 27} """
参考资料 《Python编程从入门到实践》
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