Python开发全栈-DAY-IV：Python基本数据类型

Posted 2020-08-17

运算符

1、算数运算：

2、比较运算：

3、赋值运算：

4、逻辑运算：

5、成员运算：

基本数据类型

1、数字

int（整型）

　　在32位机器上，整数的位数为32位，取值范围为-2**31～2**31-1，即-2147483648～2147483647
　　在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807

 int

2、布尔值

　　真或假

　　1 或 0

3、字符串

"hello world"

字符串常用功能：

• 移除空白
• 分割
• 长度
• 索引
• 切片

 str

4、列表

创建列表：

1 2 3

name_list = [‘alex‘, ‘seven‘, ‘eric‘] 或 name_list ＝ list([‘alex‘, ‘seven‘, ‘eric‘])

基本操作：

• 索引
• 切片
• 追加
• 删除
• 长度
• 切片
• 循环
• 包含

 list

5、元祖

创建元祖：

1 2 3

ages = (11, 22, 33, 44, 55) 或 ages = tuple((11, 22, 33, 44, 55))

基本操作：

• 索引
• 切片
• 循环
• 长度
• 包含

lass tuple(object):
    """
    tuple() -> empty tuple
    tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable‘s items
    
    If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
    """
    def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
        return 0

    def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
        Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
        """
        return 0

    def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
        pass

    def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """
        pass

    def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
        pass

    def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__getattribute__(‘name‘) <==> x.name """
        pass

    def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
        pass

    def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        pass

    def __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
                   
                   Use of negative indices is not supported.
        """
        pass

    def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
        pass

    def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
        pass

    def __hash__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
        pass

    def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__
        """
        tuple() -> empty tuple
        tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable‘s items
        
        If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
        # (copied from class doc)
        """
        pass

    def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """
        pass

    def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """
        pass

    def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
        pass

    def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
        pass

    def __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
        pass

    def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
        pass

    def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
        pass

    def __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """
        pass

    def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ T.__sizeof__() -- size of T in memory, in bytes """
        pass

6、字典（无序）

创建字典：

1 2 3

person = {"name": "mr.wu", ‘age‘: 18} 或 person = dict({"name": "mr.wu", ‘age‘: 18})

常用操作：

• 索引
• 新增
• 删除
• 键、值、键值对
• 循环
• 长度

 dict

PS：循环，range，continue 和 break

其他

1、for循环

用户按照顺序循环可迭代对象中的内容，

PS：break、continue

1 2 3

li = [11,22,33,44] for item in li:     print item

2、enumrate

为可迭代的对象添加序号

1 2 3

li = [11,22,33] for k,v in enumerate(li, 1):     print(k,v)

3、range和xrange

指定范围，生成指定的数字

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

print range(1, 10) # 结果：[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]   print range(1, 10, 2) # 结果：[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]   print range(30, 0, -2) # 结果：[30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2]

练习题

一、元素分类

有如下值集合 [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90...]，将所有大于 66 的值保存至字典的第一个key中，将小于 66 的值保存至第二个key的值中。
即： {‘k1‘: 大于66的所有值, ‘k2‘: 小于66的所有值}

二、查找

查找列表中元素，移除每个元素的空格，并查找以 a或A开头 并且以 c 结尾的所有元素。

    li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]

    tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain") 

    dic = {‘k1‘: "alex", ‘k2‘: ‘ aric‘,  "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}

 

三、输出商品列表，用户输入序号，显示用户选中的商品

    商品 li = ["手机", "电脑", ‘鼠标垫‘, ‘游艇‘]

 

四、购物车

功能要求：

• 要求用户输入总资产，例如：2000
• 显示商品列表，让用户根据序号选择商品，加入购物车
• 购买，如果商品总额大于总资产，提示账户余额不足，否则，购买成功。
• 附加：可充值、某商品移除购物车

1 2 3 4 5 6

goods = [     {"name": "电脑", "price": 1999},     {"name": "鼠标", "price": 10},     {"name": "游艇", "price": 20},     {"name": "美女", "price": 998}, ]

 五、用户交互，显示省市县三级联动的选择

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

dic = {     "河北": {         "石家庄": ["鹿泉", "藁城", "元氏"],         "邯郸": ["永年", "涉县", "磁县"],     }     "河南": {         ...     }     "山西": {         ...     }   }