python3 面向对象类继承组合派生接口子类重用父类方法
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对象是特征(变量)与技能(函数)的结合体
而类是一系列对象共同的特征与技能的集合体
class teacher: lesson = "python" def __init__(self,name,color,age): # 只干初始化的活 self.name = name if not isinstance(name,str): raise TypeError self.color = color self.age = age def jineng(self): print(‘新技能‘) t1 = teacher(‘as‘,‘pink‘,13) # t1可以成为teacher类的一个实例,或对象
class teacher: # 特征 school = ‘oldboy‘ lesson_default = ‘python‘ # 技能 def __init__(self,name,age,sex,lesson2): self.name = name self.age = age self.sex = sex self.lesson2 = lesson2 def speak(self): print(‘讲课‘) def eat(self): print(‘吃饭‘) t1 = teacher(‘alex‘,‘23‘,‘男‘,‘运维‘) t2 = teacher(‘egon‘,‘24‘,‘男‘,‘运维‘)
类的用法一:实例化产生对象
类的用法二:属性引用
print(teacher.__dict__)
# 对象的属性
# 类的属性
# 属性,就是一个字典
# 对象查看一个属性,先从对象属性找,如果没有,就从类找
继承:
继承是用来创建新的类的一种方式,好处是可以减少重复代码
继承是类与类之间的关系,是一种什么是什么的关系
class People: def __init__(self,name,age,sex): self.name = name self.age = age self.sex = sex def walk(self): print(‘%s is walking‘ %self.name) def foo(self): print(‘from father %s‘ %self.name) class Teacher(People): school = ‘oldboy‘ def __init__(self,name,age,sex,level,salary): People.__init__(self,name,age,sex) self.level = level self.salary = salary def bar(self): People.foo(self) print(‘from teacher‘) class Student(People): pass t = Teacher(‘egon‘,13,‘male‘,10,3000) # print(t.name,t.age) print(t.__dict__) t.walk() t.bar()
组合
组合是一种什么有什么的关系
class People: def __init__(self, name, age, year, mon, day): self.name = name self.age = age self.birth = Date(year, mon, day) # 组合 def walk(self): print(‘%s is walking‘ % self.name) class Date: def __init__(self, year, mon, day): self.year = year self.mon = mon self.day = day def tell_birth(self): print(‘出生于<%s>年 <%s>月 <%s>日‘ % (self.year, self.mon, self.day)) class Teacher(People): def __init__(self, name, age, year, mon, day, level, salary): People.__init__(self, name, age, year, mon, day) self.level = level self.salary = salary def teach(self): print(‘%s is teaching‘ % self.name) class Student(People): def __init__(self, name, age, year, mon, day, group): People.__init__(self, name, age, year, mon, day) self.group = group def study(self): print(‘%s is studying‘ % self.name) t = Teacher(‘egon‘, 12, 1991, 12, 12, 10, 1000) t.teach() t.walk() print(t.level) print(t.birth.tell_birth())
接口
1.子类必须要有父类的方法
2.子类实现的方法必须跟父类的方法的名字一样
class File:#定义接口Interface类来模仿接口的概念,python中压根就没有interface关键字来定义一个接口。 def read(self): #定接口函数read pass def write(self): #定义接口函数write pass class Txt(File): #文本,具体实现read和write def du(self): print(‘文本数据的读取方法‘) def xie(self): print(‘文本数据的读取方法‘) class Sata(File): #磁盘,具体实现read和write def read(self): print(‘硬盘数据的读取方法‘) def write(self): print(‘硬盘数据的读取方法‘) class Process(File): def read(self): print(‘进程数据的读取方法‘) def write(self): print(‘进程数据的读取方法‘) txt=Txt() disk=Sata() process=Process() txt.du() # disk.read() # process.read()
子类实现的方法必须跟父类的方法的名字一样
import abc class File(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta): @abc.abstractmethod def read(self): pass @abc.abstractmethod def write(self): pass class Txt(File): # 文本,具体实现read和write def read(self): pass def write(self): pass t = Txt()
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