python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]
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作业需求
思路:1.先写出大体的类,比如学校类,学生类,课程类……
2.写出类里面大概的方法,比如学校类里面有创建讲师、创建班级……
3.根据下面写出大致的代码,并实现其功能
遇到的困难:
1.在类与类关联上卡住了,比如:
老师如何查看班级信息??
老师有班级名称的属性, 而要查看班级信息,需要班级对象
那应该将老师的班级名称与班级对象相关联起来
那不同老师怎么办??
所以学校创建 老师对象时,应该将老师名称与老师对象相关联起来
通过输入老师名称即可找到老师对象
2.
想把讲师对象通过与讲师名字相关联成一个字典,写到文件中,但是输出时却不成功
应该是程序关序时,内存中的对象被回收了,而文件中的只是被回收对象的字符串形式
输出时找不到内存中的对象了
解决方法,看来得把讲师的相关信息写到文件中才行。
3.
通过Json将讲师信息成功写到文件中,但若再创建一个,后一个会把前一个讲师的信息覆盖!!
解决方法:
解决方法:学校创建 一个teachers = {}字典,创建讲师时以讲师名为key,讲师信息为value,
将字典元素写到teachers字典
4.
写到文件中是,会出现unicode编码,即使加上encoding = ‘utf-8‘也还是会
解决方法:
python的json.dumps方法默认会输出成这种格式"\\u535a\\u5ba2\\u56ed",。 要输出中文需要指定ensure_ascii参数为False,如下代码片段: json.dumps({‘text‘:"中文"},ensure_ascii=False,indent=2) 来自 <http://www.cnblogs.com/zdz8207/p/python_learn_note_26.html>
改正后文件如下:
5.
问题:做了下面 的测试,如果讲师名字相同,则后一个会把前一个覆盖
解决:但不同学校按理说是可以创建相同名字的讲师,但我这里只要讲师名字相同就不能再创建,会覆盖的。
这里我就不优化了……
6.
问题:运行时字典长度变化了,我擦,还有这种BUG,我太年轻了
分析原因:continue只是跳出了for 循环,不是跳出while循环,具体的我现在没有例子了……
7.
问题:可以查看所有学生的信息,按理说老师只能查看对应班级的学生信息才行,这里没优化……
源代码:
1 #选课系统 2 import sys 3 import json 4 5 class School(object): #创建学校类 6 7 8 def __init__(self, school_name, address): 9 self.school_name = school_name 10 self.address = address 11 12 def create_class(self): #创建班级 13 print("欢迎创建班级".center(50, ‘-‘)) 14 classroom_name = input("请输入班级名称:") 15 classroom_period = input("请输入班级周期:") 16 classroom_obj = Classroom(classroom_name, classroom_period, choice_school_obj.school_name) # 班级的实例 17 print("班级成功创建,班级信息如下".center(50, ‘-‘)) 18 classrooms[classroom_name] = classroom_obj # 将班级名与班级对象相关联 19 classroom_obj.show_classroom_info() 20 21 def hire_teacher(self): #雇讲师 22 print("欢迎雇用讲师".center(50, ‘-‘)) 23 # print("已有讲师Name:%s, Course:%s, Classroom:%s") 24 teacher_name = input("请输入讲师名字:") 25 teacher_sex = input("请输入讲师性别:") 26 teacher_age = input("请输入讲师年龄:") 27 teacher_course = input("请输入讲师对应课程:") 28 teacher_classroom = input("请输入讲师对应班级:") 29 teacher = Teacher(teacher_name, teacher_sex, teacher_age, teacher_course, 30 teacher_classroom, choice_school_obj.school_name) # 实例化讲师对象 31 teacher_dict = {"teacher_shcool_name": teacher.teacher_school_name, "teacher_sex": teacher_sex, 32 "teacher_age": teacher_age, "teacher_course": teacher_course, 33 "teacher_classroom": teacher_classroom} # 用字典来存放讲师信息 34 35 teacher.show_teacher_info() 36 # 通过json将讲师的字典反序列化到dic字典中 37 38 if not dic: # 字典如果为空 39 dic[teacher_name] = teacher_dict # 将讲师名与讲师对象相关联 40 # 通过json将讲师的字典序列化到teacher_文件中 41 json.dump(dic, open("teacher_db", "w", encoding=‘utf-8‘), 42 ensure_ascii=False, indent=2) 43 else: # 如果文件中已有讲师信息 44 if dic.get(teacher_name): # 字典中不存在key,则返回none,不曝错 45 print("%s讲师已存在,不能创建名字相同的讲师" % teacher_name) 46 flag = True 47 elif not dic.get(teacher_name): 48 dic[teacher_name] = teacher_dict 49 json.dump(dic, open("teacher_db", "w", encoding=‘utf-8‘), ensure_ascii=False, indent=2) 50 51 52 def create_course(self): #创建课程 53 print("迎欢创建课程".center(50, ‘-‘)) 54 course_type = input("请输入课程类型[eg:技术/教育/自然科学/艺术...]:") 55 course_name = input("请输入课程名称:") 56 course_price = input("请输入课程价格:") 57 course_period = input("请输入课程周期:") 58 course = Course(course_type, course_name, course_price, course_period, choice_school_obj.school_name) 59 print("课程成功创建,课程信息如下".center(50, ‘-‘)) 60 courses_dict[course_name] = course # 将课程名与课程对象相关联 61 course.show_course_info() 62 63 64 class Course(object): #课程类 65 66 def __init__(self, course_type, course_name, course_price, course_period, course_place): 67 self.course_type = course_type 68 self.course_name = course_name 69 self.course_price = course_price 70 self.course_period = course_period 71 self.course_place = course_place 72 73 def show_course_info(self): 74 print("课程类型:%s,名称:%s,价格:%s,周期:%s" % (self.course_type,self.course_name, 75 self.course_price, self.course_period)) 76 77 78 79 class Classroom(object): #班级类 80 def __init__(self, classroom_name, classroom_period, classroom_school_name): 81 self.classroom_name = classroom_name 82 self.classroom_period = classroom_period 83 self.classroom_school_name = classroom_school_name 84 85 def show_classroom_info(self): 86 print("班级名称:%s\\n班级周期:%s" % (self.classroom_name, self.classroom_period)) 87 88 89 class SchoolMember(object): # 学校成员类(学生/老师) 90 91 def __init__(self, member_name, member_sex, member_age): 92 self.member_name = member_name 93 self.member_sex = member_sex 94 self.member_age = member_age 95 96 97 class Student(SchoolMember): #创建学生类(继承学校成员类) 98 99 100 def __init__(self, stu_school, stu_name, stu_sex, stu_age, stu_id, stu_course, course_price): 101 super(Student, self).__init__(stu_name, stu_sex, stu_age) 102 self.stu_school = stu_school 103 self.stu_id = stu_id 104 self.stu_course = stu_course 105 self.course_price = course_price 106 107 def show_student_info(self): 108 print(""" 109 ---------------学生%s的信息-------------- 110 Name:%s 111 School:%s 112 Sex:%s 113 Age:%s 114 ID:%s 115 Course:%s 116 Course_price:%s 117 """ % (stu1.member_name,stu1.member_name,stu1.stu_school,stu1.member_sex, 118 stu1.member_age, stu1.stu_id, stu1.stu_course,stu1.course_price)) 119 120 121 122 class Teacher(SchoolMember): #讲师类 123 124 def __init__(self, teacher_name, teacher_sex, teacher_age, teacher_course, teacher_classroom, teacher_school_name): 125 super(Teacher, self).__init__(teacher_name, teacher_sex, teacher_age) 126 self.teacher_course = teacher_course 127 self.teacher_classroom = teacher_classroom 128 self.teacher_school_name = teacher_school_name 129 130 def show_teacher_info(self): 131 print(""" 132 -------------讲师%s的信息------------- 133 Name:%s 134 Sex:%s 135 Age:%s 136 Course:%s 137 Classroom:%s 138 School_name:%s 139 """ % (self.member_name, self.member_name, self.member_sex, self.member_age, 140 self.teacher_course, self.teacher_classroom, self.teacher_school_name)) 141 142 def show_classroom(self, te_name): #查看班级信息 传一个班级对象,通过对象查看班级信息 143 class_room = Classroom(teachers_dict[te_name].teacher_classroom, 144 courses_dict[teachers_dict[te_name].teacher_course].course_period, 145 choice_school_obj.school_name) 146 class_room.show_classroom_info() 147 148 def show_student(self): #查看学生信息 传一个学生对象,通过对象查看学生信息 149 stu_name = input("请输入要查看学生名字:") 150 stu_dict[stu_name].show_student_info() 151 152 153 def stu_regiest(): # 学生注册方法,目的是为了生成学生对象 154 global stu1 #定义学生变量为全局变量 155 stu_name = input("请输入学生姓名:") 156 stu_sex = input("请输入学生性别:") 157 stu_age = input("请输入学生年龄:") 158 stu_id = input("请输入学生序号") 159 print("1.%s[%sRMB], 2.%s[%sRMB], 3.%s[%sRMB], 4.返回" % (course1.course_name, course1.course_price, 160 course2.course_name, course2.course_price, 161 course3.course_name, course3.course_price)) 162 while True: 163 course_num = input("请选择课程:") 164 if course_num == ‘1‘: 165 stu_course = course1.course_name 166 stu1 = Student(choice_school_obj.school_name, stu_name, stu_sex, 167 stu_age, stu_id, stu_course,course1.course_price) 168 stu_dict[stu_name] = stu1 169 break 170 elif course_num == ‘2‘: 171 stu_course = course2.course_name 172 stu1 = Student(choice_school_obj.school_name, stu_name, stu_sex, 173 stu_age, stu_id, stu_course, course2.course_price) 174 stu_dict[stu_name] = stu1 175 break 176 elif course_num == ‘3‘: 177 stu_course = course3.course_name 178 stu1 = Student(choice_school_obj.school_name, stu_name, stu_sex, 179 stu_age, stu_id, stu_course, course3.course_price) 180 stu_dict[stu_name] = stu1 181 break 182 elif course_num == ‘4‘: 183 break 184 else: 185 continue 186 stu1.show_student_info() 187 188 189 def students_view(): #学员视图 190 while True: 191 print("1.欢迎注册\\n" 192 "2.返回\\n" 193 "3.退出") 194 num = input("请选择:") 195 if num == ‘1‘: 196 stu_regiest() #调用学生注册方法并生成学生对象 197 elif num == ‘2‘: 198 break 199 elif num == ‘3‘: 200 sys.exit() 201 else: 202 continue 203 204 205 def teacher_view(): #讲师视图 206 name = input("请输入讲师姓名:") 207 while True: 208 if dic.get(name) or teachers_dict.get(name): 209 print("欢迎%s讲师".center(50, ‘-‘) % name) 210 elif not dic.get(name) and not teachers_dict.get(name): 211 print("%s讲师不存在" % name) 212 break 213 print("1.查看班级\\n" 214 "2.查看学员信息\\n" 215 "3.返回\\n" 216 "4.退出") 217 print("功能未完善,只能输入Alex,cheng") 218 num = input("请选择:") 219 if num == ‘1‘: 220 if teachers_dict.get(name): 221 teachers_dict[name].show_classroom(name) #查看班级信息 222 else: 223 print("功能未完善,只能输入Alex,cheng") 224 elif num == ‘2‘: 225 if teachers_dict.get(name): 226 teachers_dict[name].show_student() #查看学生信息 227 else: 228 print("功能未完善,只能输入Alex,cheng") 229 230 elif num == ‘3‘: 231 break 232 elif num == ‘4‘: 233 sys.exit() 234 else: 235 continue 236 237 238 def school_view(): #学校视图 239 flag = False 240 while not flag: 241 print("1.创建班级\\n" 242 "2.创建课程\\n" 243 "3.雇用讲师\\n" 244 "4.返回") 245 num = input("请选择:") 246 if num == ‘1‘: 247 choice_school_obj.create_class() 248 elif num == ‘2‘: 249 choice_school_obj.create_course() 250 elif num == ‘3‘: 251 choice_school_obj.hire_teacher() 252 elif num == ‘4‘: 253 flag = True 254 else: 255 continue 256 257 258 def main(): 259 global dic # 全局变量 260 global choice_school_obj 261 dic = {} 262 263 while True: 264 print("请选择学校".center(50, ‘*‘)) 265 choice_school = input("1.%s, 2.%s, 3.返回, 4.退出" % (s1.school_name, s2.school_name)) 266 if choice_school == ‘1‘: 267 choice_school_obj = s1 # 将对象引用传给choice_school 268 elif choice_school == ‘2‘: 269 choice_school_obj = s2 270 elif choice_school == ‘3‘: 271 break 272 elif choice_school == ‘4‘: 273 sys.exit() 274 else: 275 continue 276 while True: 277 print("1.学员视图\\n" 278 "2.讲师视图\\n" 279 "3.学校管理视图\\n" 280 "4.返回\\n" 281 "5.退出") 282 num = input("请选择视图:") 283 284 if num == ‘1‘: 285 print("欢迎进入学员视图".center(50, ‘*‘)) 286 students_view() 287 elif num == ‘2‘: 288 print("欢迎进入讲师视图".center(50, ‘*‘)) 289 teacher_view() 290 elif num == ‘3‘: 291 print("欢迎进入学校管理视图".center(50, ‘*‘)) 292 school_view() 293 elif num == ‘4‘: 294 break 295 elif num == ‘5‘: 296 sys.exit() 297 else: 298 continue 299 300 301 302 303 if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: 304 classrooms = {} 305 teachers_dict = {} 306 courses_dict = {} 307 stu_dict = {} 308 s1 = School("老男孩", "北京") #实例化学校 309 s2 = School("拼客科技", "广州大学城") 310 course1 = Course("技术", "Linux", "11800", "1 year", "北京") 311 course2 = Course("技术", "Python", "6400", "7 month", "北京") #实例化三个课程 312 course3 = Course("技术", "CCIE", "2400", "4 month", "广州大学城") 313 courses_dict["Linux"] = course1 314 courses_dict["Python"] = course2 315 courses_dict["CCEI"] = course3 316 t1 = Teacher("Alex", "M", "33", "Python", "S13", "Oldboy") 317 t2 = Teacher("cheng", "M", "35", "CCIE", "魔鬼训练营", "Pinginglab") #实例化两个讲师 318 teachers_dict["Alex"] = t1 319 teachers_dict["cheng"] = t2 320 teacher_dict = {"teacher_name": "Alex", "teacher_sex": "M", "teacher_age": "33", 321 "teacher_course": "Python", "teacher_classroom": "S13"} 322 teacher_dict = {"teacher_name": "Eric", "teacher_sex": "M", "teacher_age": "35", 323 "teacher_course": "Python", "teacher_classroom": "S14"} 324 print(s1,s2) 325 main()
输出测试:
1 C:\\Python34\\python3.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/laonanhai/xuanke_system/day7_homework.py 2 <__main__.School object at 0x0000000002CDF160> <__main__.School object at 0x0000000002CDF198> 3 **********************请选择学校*********************** 4 1.老男孩, 2.拼客科技, 3.返回, 4.退出1 5 1.学员视图 6 2.讲师视图 7 3.学校管理视图 8 4.返回 9 5.退出 10 请选择视图:1 11 *********************欢迎进入学员视图********************* 12 1.欢迎注册 13 2.返回 14 3.退出 15 请选择:1 16 请输入学生姓名:zcl 17 请输入学生性别:m 18 请输入学生年龄:22 19 请输入学生序号22 20 1.Linux[11800RMB], 2.Python[6400RMB], 3.CCIE[2400RMB], 4.返回 21 请选择课程:1 22 23 ---------------学生zcl的信息-------------- 24 Name:zcl 25 School:老男孩 26 Sex:m 27 Age:22 28 ID:22 29 Course:Linux 30 Course_price:11800 31 32 1.欢迎注册 33 2.返回 34 3.退出 35 请选择:2 36 1.学员视图 37 2.讲师视图 38 3.学校管理视图 39 4.返回 40 5.退出 41 请选择视图:3 42 ********************欢迎进入学校管理视图******************** 43 1.创建班级 44 2.创建课程 45 3.雇用讲师 46 4.返回 47 请选择:1 48 ----------------------欢迎创建班级---------------------- 49 请输入班级名称:s13 50 请输入班级周期:1 year 51 ------------------班级成功创建,班级信息如下------------------- 52 班级名称:s13 53 班级周期:1 year 54 1.创建班级 55 2.创建课程 56 3.雇用讲师 57 4.返回 58 请选择:2 59 ----------------------迎欢创建课程---------------------- 60 请输入课程类型[eg:技术/教育/自然科学/艺术...]:tenology 61 请输入课程名称:py 62 请输入课程价格:6500 63 请输入课程周期:6 month 64 ------------------课程成功创建,课程信息如下------------------- 65 课程类型:tenology,名称:py,价格:6500,周期:6 month 66 1.创建班级 67 2.创建课程 68 3.雇用讲师 69 4.返回 70 请选择:3 71 ----------------------欢迎雇用讲师---------------------- 72 请输入讲师名字:alex 73 请输入讲师性别:m 74 请输入讲师年龄:33 75 请输入讲师对应课程:lpy 76 请输入讲师对应班级:s14 77 78 -------------讲师alex的信息------------- 79 Name:alex 80 Sex:m 81 Age:33 82 Course:lpy 83 Classroom:s14 84 School_name:老男孩 85 86 1.创建班级 87 2.创建课程 88 3.雇用讲师 89 4.返回 90 请选择:4 91 1.学员视图 92 2.讲师视图 93 3.学校管理视图 94 4.返回 95 5.退出 96 请选择视图:2 97 *********************欢迎进入讲师视图********************* 98 请输入讲师姓名:alex 99 ----------------------欢迎alex讲师---------------------- 100 1.查看班级 101 2.查看学员信息 102 3.返回 103 4.退出 104 请选择:1 105 功能未完善,只能输入Alex,cheng 106 ----------------------欢迎alex讲师---------------------- 107 1.查看班级 108 2.查看学员信息 109 3.返回 110 4.退出 111 请选择:3 112 1.学员视图 113 2.讲师视图 114 3.学校管理视图 115 4.返回 116 5.退出 117 请选择视图:2 118 *********************欢迎进入讲师视图********************* 119 请输入讲师姓名:Alex 120 ----------------------欢迎Alex讲师---------------------- 121 1.查看班级 122 2.查看学员信息 123 3.返回 124 4.退出 125 请选择:1 126 班级名称:S13 127 班级周期:7 month 128 ----------------------欢迎Alex讲师---------------------- 129 1.查看班级 130 2.查看学员信息 131 3.返回 132 4.退出 133 请选择:2 134 请输入要查看学生名字:zcl 135 136 ---------------学生zcl的信息-------------- 137 Name:zcl 138 School:老男孩 139 Sex:m 140 Age:22 141 ID:22 142 Course:Linux 143 Course_price:11800 144 145 ----------------------欢迎Alex讲师---------------------- 146 1.查看班级 147 2.查看学员信息 148 3.返回 149 4.退出 150 请选择:2 151 请输入要查看学生名字:zcl 152 153 ---------------学生zcl的信息-------------- 154 Name:zcl 155 School:老男孩 156 Sex:m 157 Age:22 158 ID:22 159 Course:Linux 160 Course_price:11800 161 162 ----------------------欢迎Alex讲师---------------------- 163 1.查看班级 164 2.查看学员信息 165 3.返回 166 4.退出 167 请选择:3 168 1.学员视图 169 2.讲师视图 170 3.学校管理视图 171 4.返回 172 5.退出 173 请选择视图: 174 Process finished with exit code 1
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