Python全栈开发,Day17 - DOM
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本章内容
- 查找元素
- 操作
- 事件
前言
文档对象模型(Document Object Model,DOM)是一种用于HTML和XML文档的编程接口。它给文档提供了一种结构化的表示方法,可以改变文档的内容和呈现方式。我们最为关心的是,DOM把网页和脚本以及其他的编程语言联系了起来。DOM属于浏览器,而不是JavaScript语言规范里的规定的核心内容。
一、查找元素
1、直接查找
document.getElementById 根据ID获取一个标签
document.getElementsByName 根据nam属性获取标签集合
document.getElementsByClassName 根据class属性获取标签集合
document.getElementsByTagName 根据标签名获取标签集合
2、间接查找
parentNode //父节点
childNodes //所有子节点
firstChild //第一个子节点
lastChild //最后一个子节点
nextSibing //下一个兄弟节点
previousSibing //上一个兄弟节点
parentElment //父节点标签元素
children //所有子标签
firstElementChild //第一个标签元素
lastElementChild //最后一个子标签元素
nextElementSibling //下一个兄弟标签元素
previousElementSibling //上一个兄弟标签元素
二、操作
1、内容
innerText 文本
outerText
innerHTML HTML内容
innerHTML
value 值
2、属性
attributes //获取所有标签属性
setAttribute(key,value) //设置标签属性
getAttribute(key) //获取指定标签属性
/*
var atr = document.createAttribute("class");
atr.nodeValue = "democlass";
document.getElementById(‘n1‘).setAttributeNode(atr);
*/
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head lang="en">
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title></title>
6 </head>
7 <body>
8 <input type="button" value="全选" onclick="CheckAll();"/>
9 <input type="button" value="取消" onclick="CancelAll();"/>
10 <input type="button" value="反选" onclick="ReverseCheck();"/>
11
12 <table border="1" >
13 <thead>
14
15 </thead>
16 <tbody id="tb">
17 <tr>
18 <td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
19 <td>111</td>
20 <td>222</td>
21 </tr>
22 <tr>
23 <td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
24 <td>111</td>
25 <td>222</td>
26 </tr>
27 <tr>
28 <td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
29 <td>111</td>
30 <td>222</td>
31 </tr>
32 <tr>
33 <td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
34 <td>111</td>
35 <td>222</td>
36 </tr>
37 </tbody>
38 </table>
39 <script>
40 function CheckAll(ths){
41 var tb = document.getElementById(‘tb‘);
42 var trs = tb.childNodes;
43 for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){
44
45 var current_tr = trs[i];
46 if(current_tr.nodeType==1){
47 var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName(‘input‘)[0];
48 inp.checked = true;
49 }
50 }
51 }
52
53 function CancelAll(ths){
54 var tb = document.getElementById(‘tb‘);
55 var trs = tb.childNodes;
56 for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){
57
58 var current_tr = trs[i];
59 if(current_tr.nodeType==1){
60 var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName(‘input‘)[0];
61 inp.checked = false;
62 }
63 }
64 }
65
66 function ReverseCheck(ths){
67 var tb = document.getElementById(‘tb‘);
68 var trs = tb.childNodes;
69 for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){
70 var current_tr = trs[i];
71 if(current_tr.nodeType==1){
72 var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName(‘input‘)[0];
73 if(inp.checked){
74 inp.checked = false;
75 }else{
76 inp.checked = true;
77 }
78 }
79 }
80 }
81
82 </script>
83 </body>
84 </html>
3、class操作
className //获取所有类名
calssList.remove(cls) //删除指定类
classList.add(cls) //添加类
4、标签操作
a、创建标签
//方式一
var tag = document.createElement(‘a‘)
tag.innerText = "Lyon"
tag.className = "c1"
tag.href = "http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi"
//方式二
var tag = "<a class="c1"
href = "http://ww.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi">wupeiqi</a>
b、标签操作
//方式一
var boj = "<input type = "text" />";
xxx.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeEnd",obj);
xxx.insertAdjacentElement("afterBegin",docment.createElement(‘p‘))
//注意:第一个参数只能是"beforeBegin"、"afterBengin"、"beforeEnd"、"afterEnd"
//方式二
var tag = focument.createElement(‘a‘)
xxx.appendChild(tag)
xxx.insertBefroe(tag,xxx[1])
5、样式操作
var obj = document.getElementById(‘i1‘)
obj.style.fontSize = "32px";
obj.style.backgroundColor = "red";
1 <input onfocus="Focus(this);" onblur="Blur(this);" id="search" value="请输入关键字" style="color: gray;" />
2
3 <script>
4 function Focus(ths){
5 ths.style.color = "black";
6 if(ths.value == ‘请输入关键字‘ || ths.value.trim() == ""){
7
8 ths.value = "";
9 }
10 }
11
12 function Blur(ths){
13 if(ths.value.trim() == ""){
14 ths.value = ‘请输入关键字‘;
15 ths.style.color = ‘gray‘;
16 }else{
17 ths.style.color = "black";
18 }
19 }
20 </script>
6、位置操作
总文档高度
document.documentElement.offsetHeight
当前文档占屏幕高度
document.documentElement.clientHeight
自身高度
tag.offsetHeight
距离上级定位高度
tag.offsetTop
夫定位标签
tag.offsetParent
滚动高度
tag.scrollTop
/*
clientHeight ->可见区域:height + padding
clientTop ->border高度
offsetHeight ->可见区域:height + padding + border
offsetTop ->上级定位标签的高度
scrollHeight ->全文高:height + padding
scrollTop ->滚动高度
特别的:
document.documentElement代指文档根节点
*/
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head lang="en">
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title></title>
6 </head>
7 <body style="margin: 0;">
8 <div style="height: 900px;">
9
10 </div>
11 <div style="padding: 10px;">
12 <div id="i1" style="height:190px;padding: 2px;border: 1px solid red;margin: 8px;">
13 <p>asdf</p>
14 <p>asdf</p>
15 <p>asdf</p>
16 <p>asdf</p>
17 <p>asdf</p>
18 </div>
19 </div>
20
21 <script>
22 var i1 = document.getElementById(‘i1‘);
23
24 console.log(i1.clientHeight); // 可见区域:height + padding
25 console.log(i1.clientTop); // border高度
26 console.log(‘=====‘);
27 console.log(i1.offsetHeight); // 可见区域:height + padding + border
28 console.log(i1.offsetTop); // 上级定位标签的高度
29 console.log(‘=====‘);
30 console.log(i1.scrollHeight); //全文高:height + padding
31 console.log(i1.scrollTop); // 滚动高度
32 console.log(‘=====‘);
33
34 </script>
35 </body>
36 </html>
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head lang="en">
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title></title>
6 </head>
7 <style>
8
9 body{
10 margin: 0px;
11 }
12 img {
13 border: 0;
14 }
15 ul{
16 padding: 0;
17 margin: 0;
18 list-style: none;
19 }
20 .clearfix:after {
21 content: ".";
22 display: block;
23 height: 0;
24 clear: both;
25 visibility: hidden;
26 }
27
28 .wrap{
29 width: 980px;
30 margin: 0 auto;
31 }
32
33 .pg-header{
34 background-color: #303a40;
35 -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
36 -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
37 box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
38 }
39 .pg-header .logo{
40 float: left;
41 padding:5px 10px 5px 0px;
42 }
43 .pg-header .logo img{
44 vertical-align: middle;
45 width: 110px;
46 height: 40px;
47
48 }
49 .pg-header .nav{
50 line-height: 50px;
51 }
52 .pg-header .nav ul li{
53 float: left;
54 }
55 .pg-header .nav ul li a{
56 display: block;
57 color: #ccc;
58 padding: 0 20px;
59 text-decoration: none;
60 font-size: 14px;
61 }
62 .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{
63 color: #fff;
64 background-color: #425a66;
65 }
66 .pg-body{
67
68 }
69 .pg-body .catalog{
70 position: absolute;
71 top:60px;
72 width: 200px;
73 background-color: #fafafa;
74 bottom: 0px;
75 }
76 .pg-body .catalog.fixed{
77 position: fixed;
78 top:10px;
79 }
80
81 .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{
82 color: #fff;
83 background-color: #425a66;
84 }
85
86 .pg-body .content{
87 position: absolute;
88 top:60px;
89 width: 700px;
90 margin-left: 210px;
91 background-color: #fafafa;
92 overflow: auto;
93 }
94 .pg-body .content .section{
95 height: 500px;
96 }
97 </style>
98 <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();">
99 <div class="pg-header">
100 <div class="wrap clearfix">
101 <div class="logo">
102 <a href="#">
103 <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn">
104 </a>
105 </div>
106 <div class="nav">
107 <ul>
108 <li>
109 <a href="#">首页</a>
110 </li>
111 <li>
112 <a href="#">功能一</a>
113 </li>
114 <li>
115 <a href="#">功能二</a>
116 </li>
117 </ul>
118 </div>
119
120 </div>
121 </div>
122 <div class="pg-body">
123 <div class="wrap">
124 <div class="catalog">
125 <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div>
126 <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div>
127 <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div>
128 </div>
129 <div class="content">
130 <div menu="function1" class="section">
131 <h1>第一章</h1>
132 </div>
133 <div menu="function2" class="section">
134 <h1>第二章</h1>
135 </div>
136 <div menu="function3" class="section">
137 <h1>第三章</h1>
138 </div>
139 </div>
140 </div>
141
142 </div>
143 <script>
144 function ScrollEvent(){
145 var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop;
146 if(bodyScrollTop>50){
147 document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.add(‘fixed‘);
148 }else{
149 document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.remove(‘fixed‘);
150 }
151
152 }
153 </script>
154 </body>
155 </html>
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head lang="en">
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title></title>
6 </head>
7 <style>
8
9 body{
10 margin: 0px;
11 }
12 img {
13 border: 0;
14 }
15 ul{
16 padding: 0;
17 margin: 0;
18 list-style: none;
19 }
20 h1{
21 padding: 0;
22 margin: 0;
23 }
24 .clearfix:after {
25 content: ".";
26 display: block;
27 height: 0;
28 clear: both;
29 visibility: hidden;
30 }
31
32 .wrap{
33 width: 980px;
34 margin: 0 auto;
35 }
36
37 .pg-header{
38 background-color: #303a40;
39 -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
40 -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
41 box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
42 }
43 .pg-header .logo{
44 float: left;
45 padding:5px 10px 5px 0px;
46 }
47 .pg-header .logo img{
48 vertical-align: middle;
49 width: 110px;
50 height: 40px;
51
52 }
53 .pg-header .nav{
54 line-height: 50px;
55 }
56 .pg-header .nav ul li{
57 float: left;
58 }
59 .pg-header .nav ul li a{
60 display: block;
61 color: #ccc;
62 padding: 0 20px;
63 text-decoration: none;
64 font-size: 14px;
65 }
66 .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{
67 color: #fff;
68 background-color: #425a66;
69 }
70 .pg-body{
71
72 }
73 .pg-body .catalog{
74 position: absolute;
75 top:60px;
76 width: 200px;
77 background-color: #fafafa;
78 bottom: 0px;
79 }
80 .pg-body .catalog.fixed{
81 position: fixed;
82 top:10px;
83 }
84
85 .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{
86 color: #fff;
87 background-color: #425a66;
88 }
89
90 .pg-body .content{
91 position: absolute;
92 top:60px;
93 width: 700px;
94 margin-left: 210px;
95 background-color: #fafafa;
96 overflow: auto;
97 }
98 .pg-body .content .section{
99 height: 500px;
100 border: 1px solid red;
101 }
102 </style>
103 <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();">
104 <div class="pg-header">
105 <div class="wrap clearfix">
106 <div class="logo">
107 <a href="#">
108 <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn">
109 </a>
110 </div>
111 <div class="nav">
112 <ul>
113 <li>
114 <a href="#">首页</a>
115 </li>
116 <li>
117 <a href="#">功能一</a>
118 </li>
119 <li>
120 <a href="#">功能二</a>
121 </li>
122 </ul>
123 </div>
124
125 </div>
126 </div>
127 <div class="pg-body">
128 <div class="wrap">
129 <div class="catalog" id="catalog">
130 <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div>
131 <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div>
132 <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div>
133 </div>
134 <div class="content" id="content">
135 <div menu="function1" class="section">
136 <h1>第一章</h1>
137 </div>
138 <div menu="function2" class="section">
139 <h1>第二章</h1>
140 </div>
141 <div menu="function3" class="section">
142 <h1>第三章</h1>
143 </div>
144 </div>
145 </div>
146
147 </div>
148 <script>
149 function ScrollEvent(){
150 var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop;
151 if(bodyScrollTop>50){
152 document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.add(‘fixed‘);
153 }else{
154 document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.remove(‘fixed‘);
155 }
156
157 var content = document.getElementById(‘content‘);
158 var sections = content.children;
159 for(var i=0;i<sections.length;i++){
160 var current_section = sections[i];
161
162 // 当前标签距离顶部绝对高度
163 var scOffTop = current_section.offsetTop + 60;
164
165 // 当前标签距离顶部,相对高度
166 var offTop = scOffTop - bodyScrollTop;
167
168 // 当前标签高度
169 var height = current_section.scrollHeight;
170
171 if(offTop<0 && -offTop < height){
172 // 当前标签添加active
173 // 其他移除 active
174 var menus = document.getElementById(‘catalog‘).children;
175 var current_menu = menus[i];
176 current_menu.classList.add(‘active‘);
177 for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){
178 if(menus[j] == current_menu){
179
180 }else{
181 menus[j].classList.remove(‘active‘);
182 }
183 }
184 break;
185 }
186
187 }
188
189
190 }
191 </script>
192 </body>
193 </html>
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head lang="en">
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title></title>
6 </head>
7 <style>
8
9 body{
10 margin: 0px;
11 }
12 img {
13 border: 0;
14 }
15 ul{
16 padding: 0;
17 margin: 0;
18 list-style: none;
19 }
20 h1{
21 padding: 0;
22 margin: 0;
23 }
24 .clearfix:after {
25 content: ".";
26 display: block;
27 height: 0;
28 clear: both;
29 visibility: hidden;
30 }
31
32 .wrap{
33 width: 980px;
34 margin: 0 auto;
35 }
36
37 .pg-header{
38 background-color: #303a40;
39 -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
40 -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
41 box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
42 }
43 .pg-header .logo{
44 float: left;
45 padding:5px 10px 5px 0px;
46 }
47 .pg-header .logo img{
48 vertical-align: middle;
49 width: 110px;
50 height: 40px;
51
52 }
53 .pg-header .nav{
54 line-height: 50px;
55 }
56 .pg-header .nav ul li{
57 float: left;
58 }
59 .pg-header .nav ul li a{
60 display: block;
61 color: #ccc;
62 padding: 0 20px;
63 text-decoration: none;
64 font-size: 14px;
65 }
66 .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{
67 color: #fff;
68 background-color: #425a66;
69 }
70 .pg-body{
71
72 }
73 .pg-body .catalog{
74 position: absolute;
75 top:60px;
76 width: 200px;
77 background-color: #fafafa;
78 bottom: 0px;
79 }
80 .pg-body .catalog.fixed{
81 position: fixed;
82 top:10px;
83 }
84
85 .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{
86 color: #fff;
87 background-color: #425a66;
88 }
89
90 .pg-body .content{
91 position: absolute;
92 top:60px;
93 width: 700px;
94 margin-left: 210px;
95 background-color: #fafafa;
96 overflow: auto;
97 }
98 .pg-body .content .section{
99 height: 500px;
100 border: 1px solid red;
101 }
102 </style>
103 <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();">
104 <div class="pg-header">
105 <div class="wrap clearfix">
106 <div class="logo">
107 <a href="#">
108 <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn">
109 </a>
110 </div>
111 <div class="nav">
112 <ul>
113 <li>
114 <a href="#">首页</a>
115 </li>
116 <li>
117 <a href="#">功能一</a>
118 </li>
119 <li>
120 <a href="#">功能二</a>
121 </li>
122 </ul>
123 </div>
124
125 </div>
126 </div>
127 <div class="pg-body">
128 <div class="wrap">
129 <div class="catalog" id="catalog">
130 <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div>
131 <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div>
132 <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div>
133 </div>
134 <div class="content" id="content">
135 <div menu="function1" class="section">
136 <h1>第一章</h1>
137 </div>
138 <div menu="function2" class="section">
139 <h1>第二章</h1>
140 </div>
141 <div menu="function3" class="section" style="height: 200px;">
142 <h1>第三章</h1>
143 </div>
144 </div>
145 </div>
146
147 </div>
148 <script>
149 function ScrollEvent(){
150 var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop;
151 if(bodyScrollTop>50){
152 document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.add(‘fixed‘);
153 }else{
154 document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.remove(‘fixed‘);
155 }
156
157 var content = document.getElementById(‘content‘);
158 var sections = content.children;
159 for(var i=0;i<sections.length;i++){
160 var current_section = sections[i];
161
162 // 当前标签距离顶部绝对高度
163 var scOffTop = current_section.offsetTop + 60;
164
165 // 当前标签距离顶部,相对高度
166 var offTop = scOffTop - bodyScrollTop;
167
168 // 当前标签高度
169 var height = current_section.scrollHeight;
170
171 if(offTop<0 && -offTop < height){
172 // 当前标签添加active
173 // 其他移除 active
174
175 // 如果已经到底部,现实第三个菜单
176 // 文档高度 = 滚动高度 + 视口高度
177
178 var a = document.getElementsByClassName(‘content‘)[0].offsetHeight + 60;
179 var b = bodyScrollTop + document.documentElement.clientHeight;
180 console.log(a+60,b);
181 if(a == b){
182 var menus = document.getElementById(‘catalog‘).children;
183 var current_menu = document.getElementById(‘catalog‘).lastElementChild;
184 current_menu.classList.add(‘active‘);
185 for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){
186 if(menus[j] == current_menu){
187
188 }else{
189 menus[j].classList.remove(‘active‘);
190 }
191 }
192 }else{
193 var menus = document.getElementById(‘catalog‘).children;
194 var current_menu = menus[i];
195 current_menu.classList.add(‘active‘);
196 for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){
197 if(menus[j] == current_menu){
198
199 }else{
200 menus[j].classList.remove(‘active‘);
201 }
202 }
203 }
204
205
206
207
208 break;
209 }
210
211 }
212
213
214 }
215 </script>
216 </body>
217 </html>
7、提交表单
document.getElementById(‘form‘).submit()
8、其他操作
console.log 输出框
alert 弹出框
confirm 确认框
//URl和刷新
location.href 获取URL
location.href = "url" 重定向
location.reload() 重新加载
//定时器
setInterval 多次定时器
clearInterval 清楚多次定时器
setTimeout 单次定时器
clearTimeout 清楚单次定时器
三、事件
对于事件需要注意的要点:
- this
- event
- 事件链以及跳出
this标签当前正在操作的标签,event封装了当前事件的内容。
实例:
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head>
4 <meta charset=‘utf-8‘ />
5 <title></title>
6
7 <style>
8 .gray{
9 color:gray;
10 }
11 .black{
12 color:black;
13 }
14 </style>
15 <script type="text/javascript">
16 function Enter(){
17 var id= document.getElementById("tip")
18 id.className = ‘black‘;
19 if(id.value==‘请输入关键字‘||id.value.trim()==‘‘){
20 id.value = ‘‘
21 }
22 }
23 function Leave(){
24 var id= document.getElementById("tip")
25 var val = id.value;
26 if(val.length==0||id.value.trim()==‘‘){
27 id.value = ‘请输入关键字‘
28 id.className = ‘gray‘;
29 }else{
30 id.className = ‘black‘;
31 }
32 }
33 </script>
34 </head>
35 <body>
36 <input type=‘text‘ class=‘gray‘ id=‘tip‘ value=‘请输入关键字‘ onfocus=‘Enter();‘ onblur=‘Leave();‘/>
37 </body>
38 </html>
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head>
4 <meta charset=‘utf-8‘ >
5 <title>欢迎blue shit莅临指导 </title>
6 <script type=‘text/javascript‘>
7 function Go(){
8 var content = document.title;
9 var firstChar = content.charAt(0)
10 var sub = content.substring(1,content.length)
11 document.title = sub + firstChar;
12 }
13 setInterval(‘Go()‘,1000);
14 </script>
15 </head>
16 <body>
17 </body>
18 </html>
注:本文仅为学习笔记、摘要。
详细来源:http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5643298.html
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