aix的磁盘管理

Posted 2023-05-08

参考技术A aix的磁盘管理LVM---AIX的磁盘分区管理PV---physical
volume
实质上指的是一个硬盘
这个硬盘可以是一个物理硬盘,也可以是一个逻辑硬盘,aix中按照物理顺序讲磁盘命名为hdisk,例如hdisk0、hdisk1.....以此类推输入命令
lspv
既可以看到当前操作系统下的磁盘列表VG---一组pv的集合成为VG.默认情况下,系统的第一个vg就是rootvg,操作系统就是建立在rootvg上,我们也可以创建其他的VG。输入命令lsvg
即可查看当前操作系统下的VG列表。一个VG至少有一个pv组成,一个pv最多也只能在一个VG中。PP---一个vg当中,磁盘被划分成统一大小的pp。输入命令lsvg
rootvg
可以看到rootvg由多个pp组成,pp的总和即PP的物理大小。逻辑分区与物理分区,逻辑分区可以对应1个或3个物理分区。逻辑分区可以跨区(物理分区)。人为指定。通过lsdev
-Cc
disk查看当前系统可用磁盘。通过lsvg
-p
rootvg
查看一个vg中包含哪些hdisk。

一款免费监控aix与Linux的软件--nmon

性能介绍

nmon 工具可以为 AIX 和 Linux 性能专家提供监视和分析性能数据的功能，其中包括：

• CPU 使用率
• 内存使用情况
• 内核统计信息和运行队列信息
• 磁盘 I/O 速度、传输和读/写比率
• 文件系统中的可用空间
• 磁盘适配器
• 网络 I/O 速度、传输和读/写比率
• 页面空间和页面速度
• CPU 和 AIX 规范
• 消耗资源最多的进程
• IBM HTTP Web 缓存
• 用户自定义的磁盘组
• 计算机详细信息和资源
• 异步 I/O，仅适用于 AIX
• 工作负载管理器 (WLM)，仅适用于 AIX
• IBM TotalStorage® Enterprise Storage Server® (ESS) 磁盘，仅适用于 AIX
• 网络文件系统 (NFS)
• 动态 LPAR (DLPAR) 更改，仅适用于面向 AIX 或 Linux 的 pSeries p5 和 OpenPower

还包括一个用来从 nmon 的输出生成图形并创建可以在 Web 站点显示的 .gif文件的新工具。

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工具运行

* AIX® 4.1.5、4.2.0、4.3.2 和 4.3.3（nmon Version 9a：该版本的功能已经确定，并且不会对其进行进一步的开发。）

* AIX 5.1、5.2 和 5.3（nmon Version 10：该版本现在支持 AIX 5.3 和基于 POWER5™ 处理器的计算机，并且提供了 SMT 和共享 CPU 微分区的支持。）

* pSeries® p5 和 OpenPower™ 上的 Linux™ SUSE SLES 9、Red Hat EL 3 和 4、Debian

* Linux SUSE、Red Hat 和许多最新的 x86（32 位模式的 Intel 和 AMD）上的发布版

* zSeries® 或 mainframe 上的 Linux SUSE 和 Red Hat

 

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安装

 

该工具是一个独立的二进制文件（不同的 AIX 或 Linux 版本中该文件也有所不同），您可以在五秒钟内完成该工具的安装，如果您的输入速度更快的话，也许时间更短。安装过程非常简单：

•  将 nmonXXX.tar.Z 文件复制到计算机。如果使用 FTP，请记住使用二进制模式。注意：示例中的 XXX 由实际的版本代替。
• 要解压该文件，可以运行 uncompress nmonXX.tar.Z。
•  要提取该文件，可以运行 tar xvf nmonXX.tar。
•  阅读自述文件。
• 要启动 nmon 工具，输入 nmon。
•  如果您是 root 用户，可能需要输入 ./nmon。

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下面介绍下安装工具步骤，其实安装还是挺方便挺简单的

 

http://nmon.sourceforge.net/pmwiki.php?n=Site.Download

打开这个网站下载符合自己操作系统的硬件的相关nmon版本的软件到linux本地。

小七这边用的是CentOS6  64位 下载的是 nmon16d_x86.tar.gz 9MB  (也可以直接点击名字下载)

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# ls
nmon16d_x86.tar.gz nmon_analyser_v51_2.zip

将下载的 nmon16d_x86.tar.gz 解压

 

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# tar -xzvf nmon16d_x86.tar.gz

 

然后会到解压出来好多类型不同平台的二进制nmon，笔者这里的系统是nmon_x86_64_centos6，所以给nmon_x86_64_centos6文件执行权限

找到对应的linux版本

 不知道版本的可以输入

[root@lamw /root]# lsb_release -a 查看版本

 

 

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# chmod u+x nmon_x86_64_centos6

 笔者这边把  nmon_x86_64_centos6 文件名称改成“nmon”了方便后续执行  （PS：如果不改文件名称可以直接  ./nmon_x86_64_centos6去执行）

然后就可以用 ./nmon去执行了

 

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# ./nmon

nmon是个交互式程序，当我们执行nmon的时候会出现一个交互窗口，我们执行相关的命令就会出现相关的信息。

比如这里我按c，就会显示cpu的相关信息

 

 根据自己需要监控的数据直接输入相关信息即可，按H 可以查看对应的命令帮助解释

 

 按q键，退出显示，其实就是这么简单。

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下面通过nmon_analyse生成分析报表

nmon -h 可以查看帮助信息

Hint for nmon version 16d
    Full Help Info : nmon -h

    On-screen Stats: nmon
    Data Collection: nmon -f [-s <seconds>] [-c <count>] [-t|-T]
    Capacity Plan  : nmon -x
Interactive-Mode:
    Read the Welcome screen & at any time type: "h" for more help
    Type "q" to exit nmon

For Data-Collect-Mode
    -f            Must be the first option on the line (switches off interactive mode)
                  Saves data to a CSV Spreadsheet format .nmon file in then local directory
                  Note: -f sets a defaults -s300 -c288    which you can then modify
    Further Data Collection Options:
    -s <seconds>  time between data snapshots
    -c <count>    of snapshots before exiting
    -t            Includes Top Processes stats (-T also collects command arguments)
    -x            Capacity Planning=15 min snapshots for 1 day. (nmon -ft -s 900 -c 96)
---- End of Hints
---- Full Help Information for nmon 16d

For Interactive and Data Collection Mode:
    User Defined Disk Groups (DG) - This works in both modes
    It is a work around Linux issues, where disks & partitions are mixed up in /proc files
    & drive driver developers use bizarre device names, making it trick to separate them.
    -g <filename> Use this file to define the groups
                  - On each line: group-name <disks-list>   (space separated list)
                  - Example line: database sdb sdc sdd sde
                  - Up to 64 disk groups, 512 disks per line
                  - Disks names can appear more than one group
    -g auto       - Will generate a file called "auto" with just disks from "lsblk|grep disk" output
     For Interactive use define the groups then type: g or G
     For Data Capture defining the groups switches on data collection

Data-Collect-Mode = spreadsheet format (i.e. comma separated values)
    Note: Use only one of f, F, R, x, X or z to switch on Data Collection mode
    Note: Make it the first argument then use other options to modify the defaults
    Note: Don‘t collect data that you don‘t want - it just makes the files too large
    Note: Too many snapshots = too much data and crashes Analyser and other tools
    Note: 500 to 800 snapshots make a good graph on a normal size screen
    Recommended normal minimal options: snapshots every 2 minutes all day: 
        Simple capture:      nmon -f  -s 120 -c 720
        With Top Procs:      nmon -fT -s 120 -c 720
        Set the directory:   nmon -fT -s 120 -c 720 -m /home/nag/nmon
        Capture a busy hour: nmon -fT -s   5 -c 720 -m /home/nag/nmon

For Data-Collect-Mode Options
    -f            spreadsheet output format [note: default -s300 -c288]
             output file is <hostname>_YYYYMMDD_HHMM.nmon
    -F <filename> same as -f but user supplied filename
             Not recommended as the default file name is perfect
    The other options in alphabetical order:
    -a            Include Accelerator GPU stats
    -b            Online only: for black and white mode (switch off colour)
    -c <number>   The number of snapshots before nmon stops
    -d <disks>    To set the maximum number of disks [default 256]
                  Ignores disks if the systems has 100‘s of disk or the config is odd!
    -D            Use with -g to add the Disk Wait/Service Time & in-flight stats
    -f and -F     See above
    -g <filename> User Defined Disk Groups (see above) - Data Capture: Generates  BBBG & DG lines
    -g auto       See above but makes the file "auto" for you of just the disks like sda etc.
    -h            This help output
    -I <percent>  Set the ignore process & disks busy threshold (default 0.1%)
                  Don‘t save or show proc/disk using less than this percent
    -l <dpl>      Disks per line in data capture to avoid spreadsheet width issues. Default 150. EMC=64.
    -m <directory> nmon changes to this directory before saving to file
                  Useful when starting nmon via cron
    -M         Adds MHz stats for each CPU thread. Some POWER8 model CPU cores can be different frequencies
    -N            Include NFS Network File System for V2, V3 and V4
    -p            nmon outputs the PID when it starts. Useful in scripts to capture the PID for a later safe stop.
    -r <runname>  Use in a benchmark to record the run details for later analysis [default hostname]
    -R          Old rrdtool format used by some - may be removed in the future. If you use this email Nigel
    -s <seconds>  Time between snap shots - with "-c count" decides duration of the data capture
    -t            Include Top Processes in the output
    -T            As -t plus it saves command line arguments in UARG section
    -U            Include the Linux 10 CPU utilisation stats (CPUUTIL lines in the file)
    -V            Print nmon version & exit immediately

    To manually load nmon files into a spreadsheet:
        sort -A *nmon >stats.csv
        Transfer the stats.csv file to your PC
        Start spreadsheet & then Open with type=comma-separated-value ASCII file
        This puts every datum in a different cell
        Now select the data of one type (same 1st column) and graph it
        The nmon Analyser & other tools do not need the file sorted.

Capacity Planning mode - use cron to run each day
    -x            Sensible spreadsheet output for one day
                  Every 15 mins for 1 day ( i.e. -ft -s 900 -c 96)
    -X            Sensible spreadsheet output for busy hour
                  Every 30 secs for 1 hour ( i.e. -ft -s 30 -c 120)
    -z            Like -x but the output saved in /var/perf/tmp assuming root user

Interactive Mode Keys in Alphabetical Order
    Start nmon then type the letters below to switch on & off particular stats
    The stats are always in the same order on-screen
    To see more stats: make the font smaller or use two windows

    Key --- Toggles on off to control what is displayed ---
    b   = Black and white mode (or use -b command line option)
    c   = CPU Utilisation stats with bar graphs (CPU core threads)
    C   = CPU Utilisation as above but concise wide view (up to 192 CPUs)
    d   = Disk I/O Busy% & Graphs of Read and Write KB/s
    D   = Disk I/O Numbers including Transfers, Average Block Size & Peaks (type: 0 to reset)
    g   = User Defined Disk Groups            (assumes -g <file> when starting nmon)
    G   = Change Disk stats (d) to just disks (assumes -g auto   when starting nmon)
    h   = This help information
    j   = File Systems including Journal File Systems
    k   = Kernel stats Run Queue, context-switch, fork, Load Average & Uptime
    l   = Long term Total CPU (over 75 snapshots) via bar graphs
    L   = Large and =Huge memory page stats
    m   = Memory & Swap stats
    M   = MHz for machines with variable frequency 1st=Threads 2nd=Cores 3=Graphs
    n   = Network stats & errors (if no errors it disappears)
    N   = NFS - Network File System
          1st NFS V2 & V3, 2nd=NFS4-Client & 3rd=NFS4-Server
    o   = Disk I/O Map (one character per disk pixels showing how busy it is)
          Particularly good if you have 100‘s of disks 
    q   = Quit
    r   = Resources: Machine type, name, cache details & OS version & Distro + LPAR
    t   = Top Processes: select the data & order 1=Basic, 3=Perf 4=Size 5=I/O=root only
    u   = Top Process with command line details
    U   = CPU utilisation stats - all 10 Linux stats:
          user, user_nice, system, idle, iowait, irq, softirq, steal, guest, guest_nice
    v   = Experimental Verbose mode - tries to make recommendations
    V   = Virtual Memory stats

    Key --- Other Interactive Controls ---
    +   = Double the screen refresh time
    -   = Halves the screen refresh time
    0   = Reset peak counts to zero (peak highlight with ">")
    1   = Top Processes mode 1 Nice, Priority, Status
    3   = Top Processes mode 3 CPU, Memory, Faults
    4   = Top Processes mode 4 as 3 but order by memory
    5   = Top Processes mode 5 as 3 but order by I/O (if root user)
    6   = Highlights 60% row on Long Term CPU view
    7   = Highlights 70% row on Long Term CPU view
    8   = Highlights 80% row on Long Term CPU view
    9   = Highlights 90% row on Long Term CPU view
    .   = Minimum mode i.e. only busy disks and processes shown
    space = Refresh screen now

Interactive Start-up Control
    If you find you always type the same toggles every time you start
    then place them in the NMON shell variable. For example:
     export NMON=cmdrtn

Other items for Interactive and Data Collection mode:
    a) To limit the processes nmon lists (online and to a file)
        either set NMONCMD0 to NMONCMD63 to the program names
        or use -C cmd:cmd:cmd etc. example: -C ksh:vi:syncd
Other items for Data Collection mode:
    b) To you want to stop nmon use: kill -USR2 <nmon-pid>
    c) Use -p and nmon outputs the background process pid
    d) If you want to pipe nmon output to other commands use a FIFO:
        mkfifo /tmp/mypipe
        nmon -F /tmp/mypipe &
        tail -f /tmp/mypipe
    e) If nmon fails please report it with:
       1) nmon version like: 16d
       2) the output of: cd /proc; cat cpuinfo meminfo partitions stat vmstat
       3) some clue of what you were doing
       4) I may ask you to run the debug version or collect data files
    f) If box & line characters are letters then check: terminal emulator & $TERM
    g) External Data Collectors - nmon will execute a command or script at each snapshot time
       They must output to a different file which is merge afterwards with the nmon output
       Set the following shell variables:
        NMON_START  = script to generate CVS Header test line explaining the columns
             Generate: TabName,DataDescription,Column_name_and_units,Column_name_and_units ... 
        NMON_SNAP   = script for each snapshots data, the parameter is the T0000 snapshot number
             Generate: TabName,T00NN,Data,Data,Data ...
        NMON_END    = script to clean up or finalise the data
        NMON_ONE_IN = call NMON_START less often (if it is heavy in CPU terms)
        Once capture done: cat nmon-file data-file >merged-file ; ready for Analyser or other tools
        The nmon Analyser will automatically do its best to graph the data on a new Tab sheet

    Developer: Nigel Griffiths     See http://nmon.sourceforge.net
    Feedback welcome - On the current release only
    No warranty given or implied. Copyright GPLv3

 运行带 -f 标志的 nmon 命令。

nmon -f -s 30 -c 100

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# nmon -f -s 36 -c 100

 

-f 表示生成的数据文件名中有时间；

-t 输出中包括占用率较高的进程；

-s 36 表示每 36 秒采集一次数据；

-c 100 表示采集 100 次，36s*100=3600秒；

采集60分钟数据，这样运行一次这个程序就会生成一个采集 60分钟数据的文件。该行命令将在当前目录中创建输出文件，其名称为：<hostname>_date_time.nmon", hostname" 是这台主机的主机名。

在采集当中也可以通过命令

ps -ef | grep nmon 查看采集数据的进程 

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# ps -ef | grep nmon

60分钟后 再次执行 此命令可以发现 进程已结束

 

在我们当前目录下可以查看到 以 ****_170323_1102.nmon 命名的文件 “***”为主机名称

我们通过more命令后发现都是我们看不懂的一些文本，这就需要我们把其转化成我们能看懂的excel格式的文件。首先我们把****_170323_1102.nmon文件导出到我们的windows本地。然后通过nmon Analyser 去生成报告CSV文件

 

下载安装 nmon Analyser

 

https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/wikis/home?lang=en#!/wiki/Power+Systems/page/nmon_analyser

 

 

下载解压后  发现 一个是NA_UserGuide v51_2.docx的说明word格式的说明文档，另一个是nmon analyser v51_2.xlsm格式的nmon analyse文件。

打开nmon analyser v51_2.xlsm  导入从linux中导出的 ****_170323_1102.nmon文件，生成报告excel文档

如果是用WPS打开nmon analyser v51_2.xlsm的，会提示安装 宏 ，wps是不带宏的，安装 宏 之后 调整Excel宏安全性：工具--宏--安全性----低

 

 

 

 

 

 

 可以切换 展示的图片格式   查看所监控的数据信息

橙色  ：系列"IO/sec"

蓝色  ： 系列"CPU%"