如何在CDH 5上运行Spark应用程序
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参考技术A 几个基本概念： （1）job：包含多个task组成的并行计算，往往由action催生。 （2）stage：job的调度单位。 （3）task：被送到某个executor上的工作单元。 （4）taskSet：一组关联的，相互之间没有shuffle依赖关系的任务组成的任务集。0031-如何在CDH启用Kerberos的情况下安装及使用Sentry
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1.文档编写目的
本文档主要讲述如何在启用Kerberos的CDH集群中安装配置及使用Sentry。
- 内容概述
1.如何安装Sentry服务
2.Hive/Impala/Hue/HDFS服务如何与Sentry集成
3.Sentry测试
- 测试环境
1.操作系统为CentOS6.5
2.CM和CDH版本为5.11.1
3.采用root用户操作
- 前置条件
1.CDH集群运行正常
2.集群已启用Kerberos且正常使用
2.Sentry安装
1.在MySQL中创建sentry数据库
建表语句：
create database sentry default character set utf8;
CREATE USER ‘sentry‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password‘;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON sentry. * TO ‘sentry‘@‘%‘;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
命令行操作：
[[email protected] 527-hive-HIVEMETASTORE]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
...
mysql> create database sentry default character set utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER ‘sentry‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON sentry. * TO ‘sentry‘@‘%‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> 
2.进入Cloudera Manager控制台点击“添加服务”
3.进入服务添加界面,选择Sentry服务，点击“继续”
4.选择Sentry Server及Gateway的安装节点，点击“继续”
5.输入Sentry服务的数据库信息，点击测试，测试通过，点击“继续”
6.等待服务安装成功，点击“继续”
7.点击“完成”，Sentry服务至此安装完成。
3.Sentry配置
3.1Hive配置
1.配置Hive使用Sentry服务
2.关闭Hive的用户模拟功能
3.2Impala配置
配置Impala使用Sentry
3.3Hue配置
配置Hue使用Sentry
3.4HDFS配置
配置HDFS开启ACLs与Sentry权限同步
完成以上配置后，回到Cloudera Manager主页，部署客户端配置并重启相关服务。
4.Sentry测试
4.1创建hive超级用户
使用hive用户登录Kerberos，操作如下
[[email protected] 196-hive-HIVEMETASTORE]# kinit -kt hive.keytab hive/[email protected]
[[email protected] 196-hive-HIVEMETASTORE]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: hive/[email protected]
Valid starting Expires Service principal
09/07/17 02:26:04 09/08/17 02:26:04 krbtgt/[email protected]
renew until 09/12/17 02:26:04
[[email protected] 196-hive-HIVEMETASTORE]# 
1.使用beeline连接HiveServer2
[[email protected] 196-hive-HIVEMETASTORE]# beeline
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/[email protected]
scan complete in 3ms
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/[email protected]
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>
2.创建admin角色
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> create role admin;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.37 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>
3.为admin角色赋予管理员权限
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant all on server server1 to role admin;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.221 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
4.将admin角色授权给hive用户组
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant role admin to group hive;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.162 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
以上操作创建了一个admin角色：
admin : 具有管理员权限，可以读写所有数据库，并授权给hive组（对应操作系统的组）
4.2创建test表
使用hive用户登录Kerberos，通过beeline登录HiveServer2，创建test表，并插入测试数据
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create tabletest (s1 string, s2 string) row format delimited fields terminated by ‘,‘;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.592 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> insert into test values(‘a‘,‘b‘),(‘1‘,‘2‘);
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (20.123 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
4.3创建测试角色并将角色授权给用户组
创建两个角色：
read：只能读default库test表，并授权给fayson用户组
write：只能写default库test表，并授权给user_w用户组
注意：集群所有节点必须存在fayson和user_w用户，用户默认用户组与用户名一致，赋权是针对用户组而不是针对用户。
[[email protected] cdh-shell-master]# id fayson
uid=501(fayson) gid=501(fayson) groups=501(fayson)
[[email protected] cdh-shell-master]# useradd user_w
[[email protected] cdh-shell-master]# id user_w
uid=502(user_w) gid=502(user_w) groups=502(user_w)
[[email protected] cdh-shell-master]# 
1.使用hive用户创建read和write角色，并授权read角色对test表的select权限，write角色对test表的insert权限
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create role read;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.094 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant select on table test torole read;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.1 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create role write;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.105 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant insert on table test to role write;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.112 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
2.将read角色授权给fayson用户组，write角色授权给user_w用户组
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant role read to group fayson;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.187 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant role write to group user_w;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.101 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> 
3.使用kadmin创建fayson和user_w用户
[[email protected] ~]# kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal hive/[email protected] with password.
kadmin.local: addprinc [email protected]
WARNING: no policy specified for [email protected]; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "[email protected]":
Re-enter password for principal "[email protected]":
Principal "[email protected]" created.
kadmin.local: addprinc [email protected]
WARNING: no policy specified for [email protected]; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "[email protected]":
Re-enter password for principal "[email protected]":
Principal "[email protected]" created.
kadmin.local: 
4.4beeline验证
1.使用fayson用户登录Kerberos
[[email protected] ~]# kdestroy
[[email protected] ~]# kinit fayson
Password for [email protected]:
[[email protected] ~]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: [email protected]
Valid starting Expires Service principal
09/07/17 02:48:35 09/08/17 02:48:35 krbtgt/[email protected]
renew until 09/14/17 02:48:35
[[email protected] ~]# 
通过beeline连接HiveServer2进行验证
[[email protected] ~]# beeline
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/[email protected]
...
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> show tables;
...
INFO : OK
+-----------+--+
| tab_name |
+-----------+--+
| test |
+-----------+--+
1 row selected (0.403 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select * from test;
...
INFO : OK
+----------+----------+--+
| test.s1 | test.s2 |
+----------+----------+--+
| a | b |
| 1 | 2 |
| 111 | 222 |
| a | b |
| 1 | 2 |
| 333 | 5555 |
| eeee | dddd |
+----------+----------+--+
7 rows selected (0.282 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> insert into test values("2", "222");
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
User fayson does not have privileges for QUERY
The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->action=insert; (state=42000,code=40000)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>
执行Hive的MapReduce任务
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select count(*) from test;
...
INFO : OK
+------+--+
| _c0 |
+------+--+
| 7 |
+------+--+
1 row selected (30.688 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> 
2.使用user_w用户登录Kerberos
[[email protected] ~]# kdestroy
[[email protected] ~]# kinit user_w
Password for [email protected]:
[[email protected] ~]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: [email protected]
Valid starting Expires Service principal
09/07/17 03:01:56 09/08/17 03:01:56 krbtgt/[email protected]
renew until 09/14/17 03:01:56
[[email protected] ~]# 
使用beeline登录HiveServer2验证
[[email protected] ~]# beeline
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/[email protected]
...
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> show tables;
...
INFO : OK
+-----------+--+
| tab_name |
+-----------+--+
| test |
+-----------+--+
1 row selected (0.343 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select * from test;
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
User user_w does not have privileges for QUERY
The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->Column=s1->action=select; (state=42000,code=40000)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> insert into test values("2", "333");
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (19.379 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> 
验证总结：
fayson用户所属组为fayson拥有test表读权限，只能对test表进行select和count操作不能进行insert操作；
user_w用户所属组为user_w拥有test表写权限，只能对test表进行insert操作不能进行select操作；
4.5HDFS验证
1.使用fayson用户登录Kerberos，进行如下操作
使用HDFS命令对/user/hive/warehouse/test进行cat、ls、put等操作
[[email protected] ~]# hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse
ls: Permission denied: user=fayson, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]# hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/test
Found 5 items
-rwxrwx--x+ 3 hive hive 8 2017-09-05 12:52 /user/hive/warehouse/test/000000_0
-rwxrwx--x+ 3 hive hive 8 2017-09-05 13:44 /user/hive/warehouse/test/000000_0_copy_1
-rwxrwx--x+ 3 hive hive 8 2017-09-07 02:36 /user/hive/warehouse/test/000000_0_copy_2
-rwxrwx--x+ 3 hive hive 6 2017-09-07 03:04 /user/hive/warehouse/test/000000_0_copy_3
-rwxrwx--x+ 3 hive hive 19 2017-09-05 13:01 /user/hive/warehouse/test/test.txt
[[email protected] ~]# hadoop fs -cat /user/hive/warehouse/test/test.txt
333,5555
eeee,dddd
[[email protected] ~]# hadoop fs -rm /user/hive/warehouse/test/test.txt
rm: Failed to move to trash: hdfs://ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com:8020/user/hive/warehouse/test/test.txt: Permission denied: user=fayson, access=WRITE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse/test":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]# hadoop fs -put a.txt /user/hive/warehouse/test/
put: Permission denied: user=fayson, access=WRITE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse/test":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]# 2.使用user_w用户登录Kerberos，进行如下操作
[[email protected] ~]# kdestroy
[[email protected] ~]# kinit user_w
Password for [email protected]:
[[email protected] ~]# hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse
ls: Permission denied: user=user_w, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]# hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/test
ls: Permission denied: user=user_w, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse/test":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]# hadoop fs -cat /user/hive/warehouse/test/test.txt
cat: Permission denied: user=user_w, access=READ, inode="/user/hive/warehouse/test/test.txt":hive:hive:-rwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]# hadoop fs -rm /user/hive/warehouse/test/test.txt
17/09/07 03:21:21 INFO fs.TrashPolicyDefault: Moved: ‘hdfs://ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com:8020/user/hive/warehouse/test/test.txt‘ to trash at: hdfs://ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com:8020/user/user_w/.Trash/Current/user/hive/warehouse/test/test.txt
[[email protected] ~]# hadoop fs -put a.txt /user/hive/warehouse/test/
[[email protected] ~]# 
fayson用户所属组为fayson，拥有test表的读权限，可以对test表的数据目录（/user/hive/warehouse/test）浏览及查看目录下文件内容，不能删除/test/目录下文件，也不能向test目录put文件。
user_w用户所属组为user_w，拥有test表的write权限，可以对test表的数据目录put文件及删除数据文件操作，但不能浏览及查看目录下的文件内容。
说明Sentry实现了HDFS的ACL同步。
4.6Hue验证
1.使用Hue的管理员，添加Hue的测试用户fayson和user_w
2.使用fayson用户登录Hue，验证read权限
可以查看test表数据
可以进行Count操作
不能Insert操作
File Browser浏览
不能浏览父目录/user/hive/warehouse
可以浏览test表的数据目录/user/hive/warehouse/test
可以查看/user/hive/warehouse/test目录下文件内容
不能修改/user/hive/warehouse/test目录下数据文件
3.使用user_w用户登录Hue，验证write权限
不可以查看test表
不可以Count操作
可以向test表插入数据
FileBrowser操作
不可以浏览父目录/user/hive/warehouse
不可以浏览test表的数据目录/user/hive/warehouse/test
fayson和user_w用户均能通过hue界面看到test表，拥有read角色的fayson用户组能对test进行select和count操作，并且能通过File Browser浏览和查看test表的数据目录/user/hive/warehouse/test。拥有write角色的user_w用户组只能对test表进行insert操作，但不能通过File Browser浏览和查看test表的数据目录/user/hive/warehouse/test。说明Sentry在命令行的操作和授权在Hue中依旧有效。
4.7Impala验证
1.使用fayson用户登录Kerberos
[[email protected] ~]# kinit fayson
Password for [email protected]:
[[email protected] ~]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: [email protected]
Valid starting Expires Service principal
09/07/17 06:36:05 09/08/17 06:36:05 krbtgt/[email protected]
renew until 09/14/17 06:36:05
[[email protected] ~]# impala-shell
Starting Impala Shell without Kerberos authentication
...
Connected to ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:21000
Server version: impalad version 2.9.0-cdh5.12.1 RELEASE (build 5131a031f4aa38c1e50c430373c55ca53e0517b9)
[ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:21000] > show tables;
Query: show tables
+------+
| name |
+------+
| test |
+------+
Fetched 1 row(s) in 0.02s
[ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:21000] > select * from test;
...
+--------+----------+
| s1 | s2 |
+--------+----------+
| testaa | testbbb |
| 111 | 222 |
| 222 | 2323 |
| 2 | 333 |
| a | b |
| 1 | 2 |
| 1 | test |
| 2 | fayson |
| 3 | zhangsan |
| a | b |
| 1 | 2 |
+--------+----------+
Fetched 11 row(s) in 0.19s
[ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:21000] > select count(*) from test;
...
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 11 |
+----------+
Fetched 1 row(s) in 0.14s
[ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:21000] > insert into test values(‘test44‘,‘test55‘);
Query: insert into test values(‘test44‘,‘test55‘)
Query submitted at: 2017-09-07 06:37:00 (Coordinator: http://ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:25000)
ERROR: AuthorizationException: User ‘[email protected]‘ does not have privileges to execute ‘INSERT‘ on: default.test
[ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:21000] > 
2.使用user_w用户登录Kerberos
登录Impala-shell进行操作
[[email protected] ~]# impala-shell
...
***********************************************************************************
Welcome to the Impala shell.
(Impala Shell v2.9.0-cdh5.12.1 (5131a03) built on Thu Aug 24 09:27:32 PDT 2017)
***********************************************************************************
[Not connected] > connect ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:21000;
Connected to ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:21000
Server version: impalad version 2.9.0-cdh5.12.1 RELEASE (build 5131a031f4aa38c1e50c430373c55ca53e0517b9)
[ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:21000] > show tables;
Query: show tables
+------+
| name |
+------+
| test |
+------+
Fetched 1 row(s) in 0.29s
[ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:21000] > select * from test;
Query: select * from test
Query submitted at: 2017-09-07 06:31:23 (Coordinator: http://ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:25000)
ERROR: AuthorizationException: User ‘[email protected]‘ does not have privileges to execute ‘SELECT‘ on: default.test
[ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:21000] > insert into test values(‘222‘,‘2323‘);
Query: insert into test values(‘222‘,‘2323‘)
Query submitted at: 2017-09-07 06:32:07 (Coordinator: http://ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:25000)
Query progress can be monitored at: http://ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:25000/query_plan?query_id=ec406e621c7534c7:6bcbbd5300000000
Modified 1 row(s) in 0.63s
[ip-172-31-9-33.fayson.com:21000] > 
验证总结：
Impala与Sentry集成后可以使用Sentry来进行权限管理，拥有read角色的fayson用户组只能对test表进行select和count操作不能插入数据，拥有write角色的user_w
用户组只能对test表插入数据不能进行select和count操作。说明Sentry实现了Hive权限与Impala的同步。
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