oracle 10g 系统数据库USERS01.DBF增长过大，能不能删除重建？

Posted 2023-04-26

你好，我的oracle10g数据库D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\orcl下USERS01.dbf使用了刚一个月就长到6G，由于我经常进行大量数据导入导出，有时还会出错。不知道为什么增长那么快，网上说SELECT file_name,file_id FROM dba_data_files WHERE file_name like ‘%USER%’;我一查有一千多行结果。无法一一删除，我自己建了三个表空间，每个大概1G。我想问能不能在USERS01.DBF中指定将里面几个不用的表空间相关的东西删除，或者能不能直接像TEMP01.DBF一样可以直接删除重建。能给具体步骤吗？初学，谢谢

dbf文件不能删除。

如果直接删除dbf文件会导致oracle服务异常，从而无法正常使用该数据库。

如果dbf文件增长过大，应该是设置了数据库文件自动增长。

可以在所属表空间下新增dbf文件，然后将users01.dbf的自增长选项关闭，这样users01.dbf就不会继续增长，新数据都会写入到新建的dbf文件中去。

参考技术A dbf文件不能删除。
如果直接删除dbf文件会导致oracle服务异常，从而无法正常使用该数据库。
如果dbf文件增长过大，应该是设置了数据库文件自动增长。
可以在所属表空间下新增dbf文件，然后将users01.dbf的自增长选项关闭，
这样users01.dbf就不会继续增长，新数据都会写入到新建的dbf文件中去。 参考技术B 这个想删除也不是没有办法，我就曾经玩过。
1、将USERS01.dbf上的所有用户是数据以sql的形式导出备份。以sql形式备份要分别备份表对象和数据。注意：以sql备份是要去掉诸多限制，如去掉依赖表空间用户限制。
2、将USERS01.dbf上的用户删除，然后在另外一个空间上重建用户，用户名要一致。
3、将USERS01.dbf删除。本回答被提问者和网友采纳 参考技术C you can not direct delete data file, this could cause database table unusable.
you have to export data first. then find out what are the table or users add most the data to it. then probably create new tablespace(s) for them with bigger storage parameters by make the new one as the default.
The reason you have so many data files may be your file extent size just too small. you need to make it bigger for each extent

CENTOS 7.5部署安装ORACLE.11G数据库

Oracle Database，又名Oracle RDBMS，或简称Oracle。是甲骨文公司的一款关系数据库管理系统。它是在数据库领域一直处于领先地位的产品。可以说Oracle数据库系统是目前世界上流行的关系数据库管理系统，系统可移植性好、使用方便、功能强，适用于各类大、中、小、微机环境。它是一种高效率、可靠性好的、适应高吞吐量的数据库方案。

1、部署环境要求
（1）操作系统版本：CentOS 7.x（最小化安装）
（2）最小内存容量：4GB
（3）最小CPU核心数：2核心
（4）最小磁盘空间：50GB
（5）磁盘分区建议：500GB磁盘空间为例
           /：50GB(根分区)
           /boot：500MB
           /home：50GB
           swap：物理内存小于4GB时，swap分配值为物理内存2倍，物理内存大于4GB时，swap分配值为物理内存1.5倍
           /data：剩余全部空间

 2、部署软件准备

Oracle Database SoftPack：linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
Oracle Database SoftPack：linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

 3、网络参数配置

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=8586e405-4459-42e2-ac9f-def02881736d
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
MACADDR=preserve
IPADDR=10.10.10.133
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.10.10.10
DNS1=114.114.114.114
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
ZONE=public

 4、系统软件安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vim net-tools tree unzip lrzsz

5、系统安全配置
（1）关闭SELINUX安全访问控制

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
# SELINUX=enforcing       //注释掉此处
   SELINUX=disabled        //新增此处，并将SELINUX状态设置关闭状态disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

（2）配置防火墙安全规则

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service //查看防火墙运行状态
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since 五 2019-08-30 22:58:53 CST; 8h ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 Main PID: 841 (firewalld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─841 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

8月 30 22:58:52 oracleserver.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
8月 30 22:58:53 oracleserver.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent  //开放1521端口
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1158/tcp --permanent  //开放1158端口
success 
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=22/tcp --permanent  //开放22端口
success

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload  //重启载入防火墙配置
success

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports  //查看已开放端口
22/tcp   1158/tcp   1521/tcp

6、安装依赖软件

32位依赖软件：
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686

64位依赖软件：
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install binutils-2.* compat-libstdc++-33* elfutils-libelf-0.* elfutils-libelf-devel-* gcc-4.* gcc-c++-4.* glibc-2.* glibc-common-2.* glibc-devel-2.* glibc-headers-2.* ksh-2* libaio-0.* libaio-devel-0.* libgcc-4.* libstdc++-4.* libstdc++- devel-4.* make-3.* sysstat-7.* unixODBC-2.* unixODBC-devel-2.* pdksh*

检查依赖软件：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686

执行安装更新：
[root@localhost ~]# yum update

5、部署用户配置
（1）创建部署用户

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall  //创建oinstall用户组
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba        //创建dba用户组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle   //创建oracle用户并将用户加入到oinstall、dba两个用户组
[root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle    //设置oracle用户密码
更改用户 oracle 的密码 。
新的 密码：
重新输入新的 密码：
passwd： 所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。

 

 （2）创建部署目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/app/oradata
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/flash_recovery_area
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/oraInventory
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/response
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /software
[root@localhost ~]# chown oracle:oinstall -R /oracle/
[root@localhost ~]# chown oracle:oinstall -R /software/
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /oracle/
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /software/

6、配置部署参数
（1）配置系统主机参数

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname oracleserver.localdomain //修改主机名称

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts   //配置主机网络地址与主机名称映射记录
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.10.10.133  oracleserver  oracleserver.localdomain

[root@oracleserver ~]# vim /etc/redhat-release   //配置系统标识参数
#CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3 (Maipo)   

[root@localhost ~]# reboot   //重启操作系统

（2）配置系统内核参数

[root@oracleserver ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

#Oracle Install Parameter  //添加下面内核参数
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

[root@oracleserver ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p  //更新内核参数，等效命令
[root@oracleserver ~]# /sysctl -p       //更新内核参数，等效命令
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

（3）配置登录身份认证

[root@oracleserver ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login 
#%PAM-1.0
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth       substack     system-auth
auth       include      postlogin
account    required     pam_nologin.so
account    include      system-auth
password   include      system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session    required     pam_selinux.so close
session    required     pam_loginuid.so
session    optional     pam_console.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session    required     pam_selinux.so open
session    required     pam_namespace.so
session    optional     pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session    include      system-auth
session    include      postlogin
-session   optional     pam_ck_connector.so

#Oracle Install Parameter  //添加下面Oracle安装参数
session    required     pam_limits.so
session    required     /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

（4）配置资源限制参数

[root@oracleserver ~]# vim /etc/profile
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# It‘s NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It‘s much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

pathmunge () 
    case ":$PATH:" in
        *:"$1":*)
            ;;
        *)
            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                PATH=$PATH:$1
            else
                PATH=$1:$PATH
            fi
    esac


if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
    if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
        # ksh workaround
        EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u`
        UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru`
    fi
    USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`"
    LOGNAME=$USER
    MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi

# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
    pathmunge /usr/sbin
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
    pathmunge /usr/sbin after
fi

HOSTNAME=`/usr/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL
# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then
    umask 002
else
    umask 022
fi

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh /etc/profile.d/sh.local ; do
    if [ -r "$i" ]; then
        if [ "$-#*i" != "$-" ]; then 
            . "$i"
        else
            . "$i" >/dev/null
        fi
    fi
done

unset i
unset -f pathmunge

#Oracle Install Parameter  //添加下面Oracle安装参数
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
 if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
  ulimit -p 16384
  ulimit -n 65536
else
  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
 fi
fi

[root@oracleserver ~]# source /etc/profile   //使参数配置生效

 

[root@oracleserver ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.
#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.
#
#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this
#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.
#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here
#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the
#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only
#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#<domain>        <type>  <item>  <value>
#
#Where:
#<domain> can be:
#        - a user name
#        - a group name, with @group syntax
#        - the wildcard *, for default entry
#        - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
#                 for maxlogin limit
#
#<type> can have the two values:
#        - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
#        - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
#<item> can be one of the following:
#        - core - limits the core file size (KB)
#        - data - max data size (KB)
#        - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
#        - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
#        - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
#        - rss - max resident set size (KB)
#        - stack - max stack size (KB)
#        - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
#        - nproc - max number of processes
#        - as - address space limit (KB)
#        - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
#        - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
#        - priority - the priority to run user process with
#        - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
#        - sigpending - max number of pending signals
#        - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
#        - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
#        - rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#<domain>      <type>  <item>         <value>
#

#*               soft    core            0
#*               hard    rss             10000
#@student        hard    nproc           20
#@faculty        soft    nproc           20
#@faculty        hard    nproc           50
#ftp             hard    nproc           0
#@student        -       maxlogins       4

#Oracle Install Parameter  //添加下面Oracle安装参数
oracle  soft  nproc 2047
oracle  hard  nproc 16384
oracle  soft  nofile  1024
oracle  hard  nofile  65536

# End of file