Http连接池PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager的应用
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前言
Http连接需要的三次握手开销很大, 传统的HttpURLConnection并不支持连接池, HTTP1.1以上默认开启keepalive, 对于现在springcloud横行的社会, feign可以配置好http连接池, 不过总会有某些个别的接口不在服务中, 还有一些非springboot的老旧项目也要加入cloud大家族中, 对于内部频繁访问的url地址, 这就需要一款量身定做的工具类了.
讲解
先来看看测试效果, 两种工具类的时间消耗对比.这个是测试用的方法, 前后分别调用了某一接口100次, 进行时间统计, 系统页面按F12能看到平均握手速度大概是3ms
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
result = commonManager.getPolicyGoNew(inputStr);
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(String.valueOf(end - start));
System.out.println("***********");
long start2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
result = commonManager.getPolicyGo(inputStr);
long end2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(String.valueOf(end2 - start2));
100次快了647ms, 平均一次6ms, 握三次手大概要这么久吧
9612
***********
10259第二次我调换了顺序, 500.for, 500次快了2341ms, 平均一次4.6ms, 更接近3ms了
50906
***********
48565
52327
***********
47021错误的请求数据, 可以立马返回数据, 更能说明是否节省了握手时间
9625
***********
8868
9251
***********
8718不过我之前都是调用的生产环境的接口, 效率还是比较高的, 下面我在uat环境测试一下
正常查询详情数据消耗时间
500次快了4900ms, 平均一次10ms
72712
***********
67839错误的请求数据, 可以立马返回数据, 更能说明是否节省了握手时间
500次快了2400ms, 平均一次4.8ms
6439
***********
4063代码
原httputil, 看实现部分就好
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.HttpClientUtils;
import org.apache.http.entity.ByteArrayEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import java.util.Map;
public class HttpUtils
public interface ResponseCallback
void onResponse(CloseableHttpResponse response) throws Exception;
void onError(int resultCode, String resultStr) throws Exception;
public static void headerPost(String urlStr, String data, ResponseCallback callback, Map<String, String> headerMap) throws Exception
doPost(urlStr, data, callback, headerMap, 300000);
private static void doPost(String urlStr, String data, ResponseCallback callback, Map<String, String> headerMap, int timeOut) throws Exception
HttpUriRequest request = null;
CloseableHttpClient client = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try
request = new HttpPost(urlStr);
if (headerMap != null)
for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headerMap.entrySet())
request.setHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
if (null != data && !"".equals(data))
((HttpPost) request).setEntity(new ByteArrayEntity(data.getBytes("utf-8")));
RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeOut).setConnectTimeout(timeOut).setSocketTimeout(timeOut).build();
client = HttpClientBuilder.create().setDefaultRequestConfig(config).build();
response = client.execute(request);
int resultCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (resultCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK)
callback.onResponse(response);
else
throw new Exception(resultCode + ":system error");
catch (Exception e)
callback.onError(HttpStatus.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e.toString());
finally
if (request != null && !request.isAborted())
request.abort();
request = null;
if (client != null)
HttpClientUtils.closeQuietly(client);
client = null;
if (response != null)
HttpClientUtils.closeQuietly(response);
response = null;
带连接池的httputil, 初版支持一个url连接, 可更改为Map维护
import org.apache.http.*;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.entity.ByteArrayEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Map;
public class HttpClientUtil
static final int timeOut = 10 * 1000;
private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
private final static Object syncLock = new Object();
private static void config(HttpRequestBase httpRequestBase)
// 配置请求的超时设置
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeOut)
.setConnectTimeout(timeOut).setSocketTimeout(timeOut).build();
httpRequestBase.setConfig(requestConfig);
/**
* 获取HttpClient对象
*/
public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient(String url)
String hostname = url.split("/")[2];
int port = 80;
if (hostname.contains(":"))
String[] arr = hostname.split(":");
hostname = arr[0];
port = Integer.parseInt(arr[1]);
if (httpClient == null)
synchronized (syncLock)
if (httpClient == null)
httpClient = createHttpClient(200, 40, 100, hostname, port);
return httpClient;
public static CloseableHttpClient createHttpClient(int maxTotal, int maxPerRoute, int maxRoute, String hostname, int port)
ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder
.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register("http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
// 将最大连接数增加
cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
// 将每个路由基础的连接增加
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(maxPerRoute);
HttpHost httpHost = new HttpHost(hostname, port);
// 将目标主机的最大连接数增加
cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost), maxRoute);
// 请求重试处理
HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler()
public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception, int executionCount, HttpContext context)
if (executionCount >= 5) // 如果已经重试了5次，就放弃
return false;
if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) // 如果服务器丢掉了连接，那么就重试
return true;
if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) // 不要重试SSL握手异常
return false;
if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) // 超时
return false;
if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) // 目标服务器不可达
return false;
if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) // 连接被拒绝
return false;
if (exception instanceof SSLException) // SSL握手异常
return false;
HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);
HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();
// 如果请求是幂等的，就再次尝试
if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest))
return true;
return false;
;
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setConnectionManager(cm)
.setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler).build();
return httpClient;
public static String post(String url, String data, Map<String, String> headerMap) throws IOException
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
config(httppost);
if (headerMap != null)
for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headerMap.entrySet())
httppost.setHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
if (null != data && !"".equals(data))
httppost.setEntity(new ByteArrayEntity(data.getBytes("utf-8")));
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try
response = getHttpClient(url).execute(httppost, HttpClientContext.create());
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
//EntityUtils.consume(entity);
return result;
catch (Exception e)
throw e;
finally
try
if (response != null)
response.close();
catch (IOException e)
e.printStackTrace();
public static String get(String url)
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(url);
config(httpget);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try
response = getHttpClient(url).execute(httpget,
HttpClientContext.create());
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
return result;
catch (IOException e)
e.printStackTrace();
finally
try
if (response != null)
response.close();
catch (IOException e)
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
总结
不管怎么来回测试, 都有时间上的差别, 连接池明显要快一些, 而且对服务器的资源消耗也小, 对接口提供者也比较友好, 当然这一切有个前提, 就是双方都是http1.1以上, 默认开启keepAlive, 毕竟http2.0协议还没有太普及.
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