oracle expdp 可否使用网路扩充硬盘

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　　expdp/impdp在进行数据迁移时速度极快,通过一定的优化方法，我们让expdp和impdp跑得更加快1,parallel,在很多oracle的程序中都离不开并行操作，通过利用多core cpu的处理能力，速度增加相当明显
　　例:frank用户主要有表T1,T2,T3,每个表中数据有500万行[oracle@cscscslocalhost abc]$ time expdp frank/frank directory=abc dumpfile=abc.dmpreal 0m41.692s
　　user 0m0.011s
　　sys 0m0.032s
　　[oracle@cscscslocalhost abc]$ time expdp frank/frank directory=abc dumpfile=abc.dmp parallel=3real 0m26.710s
　　user 0m0.019s
　　sys 0m0.007s
　　速度提升相当明显,如果每个dw进程都使用单独的dmp文件会更快[oracle@cscscslocalhost abc]$ time expdp frank/frank directory=abc dumpfile=abc%U.dmp parallel=3real 0m22.928s
　　user 0m0.017s
　　sys 0m0.008s
　　一般建议parall设置不要超过cpu*2.
　　2,transport_tablespace方法，直接复制表空间文件的方式。使用expdp和impdp只导出了数据字典信息.表空间要是自包含的
　　SQL> exec dbms_tts.transport_set_check(\'USERS\',true);PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
　　SQL> select * from transport_set_violations;no rows selected
　　transport tablespace的方法是迁移数据最快的方法。因为数据本身是不需要oracle的sql层来处理.但是表空间在expdp期间要设置成只读状态
　　3,network_link模式.当数据文件比较大的时候，这时候在目标库上直接通过network_link模式在目标库上进行导入，而不需要在源库上进行expdp操作，处理方式和正常的expdp/impdmp过程类似。这样做的好处主要是可以避免了在源库上写大文件，然后还需要移动到目标库上.
　　dongdongtang> grant datapump_exp_full_database to frank;Grant succeeded.
　　目标库
　　dongdongtang> create database link frank connect to frank identified by frank using \'frank\';Database link created.
　　[oracle@localhost admin]$ impdp \\\'/ as sysdba\\\' network_link=frank schemas=franknetwork_link 定义了一个db_link名称，该过程把源端的frank schemas导入到目标库上.
　　4,使用适当的方法.expdp/impdp包括了两种主要方法direct_path和external_table使用direct_path会skip掉sql layer，速度会更快，但是不能定义query[oracle@localhost ~]$ expdp frank/frank dumpfile=abc.dmp query=T1:"where a>5" access_method=direct_pathORA-39033: Data cannot be filtered under the direct path access method.
　　其他的方法还有一些限制，具体可以参考mos相关文档。datapump一般会在启动的时候自动决定使用哪种方式，而且一旦决定不可以通过interactive的方式修改.可以使用400300来进行trace使用了哪种方式KUPW:02:03:30.332: 1: TABLE_DATA:"FRANK"."T1" direct path, parallel: 1KUPW:02:03:30.332: 1: In function GATHER_PARSE_ITEMSKUPW:02:03:30.332: 1: In function CHECK_FOR_REMAP_NETWORK5,对于index不会并行，对大表有索引的情况下，考虑索引以后单独 使用parallel,nologging重建。事实上在expdp的导出过程中对索引不会像表数据那样需要导出，索引只导出了ddl语句.
　　6,statistics的导入可能会非常慢，特别是在10.2之前。在expdp中尽量exclude，在impdp后，使用单独的收集任务来完成.
　　7,利用强大的过滤功能，主要的选项有tables,include,exclude和query。tables定义只导出某些需要的表,include表示只导出某些对像，exclude表示排除某些对像.query可以对表中数据进行过滤,只导出我们需要的那部分数据.
　　8,利用压缩过功能可以减少dump文件的大小
　　[oracle@localhost dpdump]$ expdp frank/frank dumpfile=abc.dmp tables=t1[oracle@localhost dpdump]$ ls -l abc.dmp
　　-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1583874048 Jan 20 03:54 abc.dmp[oracle@localhost dpdump]$ expdp frank/frank dumpfile=abc.dmp tables=t1 compression=all[oracle@localhost dpdump]$ ls -l abc.dmp
　　-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 197234688 Jan 20 04:29 abc.dmp可以看到压缩前1.5G,压缩过后只有190M左右.
　　在12c的版本中，可以通过compression_algorithm来定义压缩算法，常用的压缩级别有:basic,low,medium,high。
　　结合paralell,可以非常好的利用多core cpu的处理能力.
　　在11G以前的版本中也有很多的bug会导致datapump变慢的情况,可以查询相关的mos文档.datapump是使用dbms_metadata和dbms_datapump两个包来完成的，所以shared pool要保证不会太小. 参考技术A expdp 只是用来导出数据的。

Oracle使用数据泵 (expdp/impdp)实施迁移

Oracle使用数据泵 (expdp/impdp)实施迁移

实验环境：

1、导出环境：RedHat6.4+Oracle 11.2.0.4.0，利用数据库自带的scott示例用户进行试验测试。

Directory：wjq  à /tmp/seiang_wjq

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2、导入环境：Centos7.1+Oracle 12.2.0.1.0   Oracle12c默认没有scott用户

Directory：imp_wjq  à /tmp/imp_comsys

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一、导出数据：

特别注意：如果后续要导入的数据库版本低，所有导出命令就需要在后面加一个version=指定版本。例如11g -> 10g，假设10g具体版本为10.2.0.1，那么就加一个版本的参数version=10.2.0.1。


1. 首先需要创建Directory

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注意：目录在系统上需要真实存在（mkdir /tmp/seiang_wjq），且有访问的权限。

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2. 使用expdp导出用户数据

2.1 只导出scott用户的元数据，且不包含统计信息；

[[email protected] ~]$ expdp system directory=wjq schemas=scott content=metadata_onlyexclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:17:16 2017


Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:


Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=wjq schemas=scott content=metadata_only exclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:

/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_meta.dmp

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Mon Apr 24 14:17:48 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:21


2.2 只导出scott用户的数据；

[[email protected] ~]$ expdp system directory=wjq schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log


Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:22:36 2017


Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:


Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=wjq schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB

. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.562 KB      14 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:

/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_data.dmp

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Mon Apr 24 14:22:47 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:06


2.3 只导出scott用户下的emp，dept表及数据；


[[email protected] ~]$ expdp scott directory=wjq tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log


Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:25:37 2017


Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:


Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

ORA-39002: invalid operation

ORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.

ORA-39087: directory name WJQ is invalid

这里如果用scott用户导出，需要注意scott用户对于directory的权限问题：需要dba用户赋予scott用户read,write目录的权限。

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[[email protected] ~]$ expdp scott directory=wjq tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmplogfile=scott_emp_dept.log

 

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:28:18 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real ApplicationTesting options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=wjq tables=emp,deptdumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 128 KB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.562 KB      14 rows

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01"successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

  /tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_emp_dept.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 14:28:35 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:09

 

2.4 只导出scott用户下的emp，dept表结构；

[[email protected] ~]$ expdp scott directory=wjq tables=emp,dept content=metadata_onlydumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log

 

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:34:07 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real ApplicationTesting options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=wjq tables=emp,deptcontent=metadata_only dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmplogfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01"successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

  /tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 14:34:21 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:08

 

2.5 导出scott用户下所有的内容；

[[email protected] ~]$ expdp system directory=wjq schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmplogfile=scott_all.log

 

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:38:10 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real ApplicationTesting options

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=wjq schemas=scottdumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=scott_all.log

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.562 KB      14 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB      0 rows

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:

  /tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_all.dmp

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 14:38:30 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:16

 

2.6 并行导出scott用户下所有的内容；

[[email protected] ~]$ expdp system directory=wjq schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmplogfile=scott_all.log parallel=2 

 

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:44:04 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real ApplicationTesting options

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=wjq schemas=scottdumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=scott_all.log parallel=2

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.562 KB      14 rows

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:

  /tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_all01.dmp

  /tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_all02.dmp

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 14:44:27 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:15

 

3. 查询当前用户用到的表空间

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二、导入数据

导入准备：将刚才从11g数据库导出的内容通过scp发送给12c



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1. 首先需要创建Directory


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2. 使用impdp导入用户数据

2.1 导入scott用户的元数据，且不包含统计信息；

[[email protected] ~]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq dumpfile=scott_meta.dmplogfile=imp_scott_meta.log

 

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:26:30 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0- 64bit Production

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01"successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  system/******** directory=imp_wjqdumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=imp_scott_meta.log

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 15:27:15 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:20

 

2.2 导入scott用户的数据；

只有在2.1导入元数据后才可以导入数据。

[[email protected] ~]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq dumpfile=scott_data.dmplogfile=imp_scott_data.log

 

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:29:27 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01"successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  system/******** directory=imp_wjqdumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=imp_scott_data.log

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.562 KB      14 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 15:29:44 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:12

 

 

2.3 只导入scott用户下的emp表及数据；

[[email protected] ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjq tables=empdumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=imp_scott_emp.log

 

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:40:56 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

ORA-39002:invalid operation

ORA-39070:Unable to open the log file.

ORA-39087:directory name IMP_WJQ is invalid

 

因为在导入的时候没有给imp_wjq目录赋予read和write的权限，所以会出现上面的错误，下面就给imp_wjq目录授权：

 

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[[email protected] ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjq tables=emp dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmplogfile=imp_scott_emp.log

 

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:45:03 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0- 64bit Production

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01"successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=imp_wjq tables=empdumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=imp_scott_emp.log

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39151:Table "SCOTT"."EMP" exists. All dependent metadata and datawill be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

 

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with1 error(s) at Mon Apr 24 15:45:13 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:04

 

2.4 只导入scott用户下的emp,dept表结构；

由于之前2.1、2.2、2.3导入的执行，所有的表都已成功导入，为了接下来的实验，我们把scott用户下存在的表都删掉；


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[[email protected] ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjq tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmplogfile=imp_scott_emp_dept_meta.log

 

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:59:16 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01"successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=imp_wjqtables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmplogfile=imp_scott_emp_dept_meta.log

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 15:59:22 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:02

 

由于导出就是emp,dept两张表，所以也可以不指定tables，以下两种写法在这里都是可以的：

[[email protected] ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjqdumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=imp_scott_emp_dept_meta.log

或者

[[email protected] ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjqdumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=imp_scott_emp_dept_meta.log full=y

 

 

2.5 导入scott用户下所有的内容；

如果是在2.4基础上直接导入，会因为emp,dept表已经存在导致导入过程中会由于table_exists_action参数的默认选项是skip，从而跳过emp，dept表数据的导入，如下：

 

[[email protected] ~]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq schemas=scottdumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=imp_scott_all.log

 

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 16:06:28 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=imp_wjqschemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=imp_scott_all.log

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

ORA-31684:Object type USER:"SCOTT" already exists

 

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39151:Table "SCOTT"."EMP" exists. All dependent metadata and datawill be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

 

ORA-39151:Table "SCOTT"."DEPT" exists. All dependent metadata anddata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

 

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completedwith 3 error(s) at Mon Apr 24 16:06:38 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:05

所以这时我们想导入这些数据，可以加参数 table_exists_action，指定想要的选项。
TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION
Action to take if imported object already exists.
Valid keywords are: APPEND, REPLACE,[SKIP] and TRUNCATE.

这里选择truncate，即如果表存在，那么处理方式是truncate此表后导入文件中包含的数据。

[[email protected] ~]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq schemas=scott table_exists_action=truncatedumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=imp_scott_all.log

 

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 16:17:44 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=imp_wjqschemas=scott table_exists_action=truncate dumpfile=scott_all.dmplogfile=imp_scott_all.log

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

ORA-31684: Object type USER:"SCOTT" already exists

 

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39120:Table "SCOTT"."DEPT" can‘t be truncated, data will beskipped. Failing error is:

ORA-02266:unique/primary keys in table referenced by enabled foreign keys

ORA-00955:name is already used by an existing object

 

Table"SCOTT"."SALGRADE" exists and has been truncated. Data will be loaded but all dependent metadata will be skipped dueto table_exists_action of truncate

Table"SCOTT"."BONUS" exists and has been truncated. Data will be loaded but all dependent metadata will be skipped dueto table_exists_action of truncate

Table"SCOTT"."EMP" exists and has been truncated. Data will be loaded but all dependent metadata will be skipped dueto table_exists_action of truncate

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

ORA-31693: Table data object "SCOTT"."EMP"failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:

ORA-02291: integrity constraint (SCOTT.FK_DEPTNO) violated - parentkey not found

 

. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

ORA-39112: Dependent object typeINDEX:"SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" skipped, base object typeTABLE:"SCOTT"."DEPT" creation failed

 

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

ORA-39112: Dependent object typeCONSTRAINT:"SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" skipped, base object typeTABLE:"SCOTT"."DEPT" creation failed

 

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completedwith 5 error(s) at Mon Apr 24 16:18:00 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:

注意：如果这里选用append选项，那么如果原表有数据，且没有合理的约束条件，则可能导致数据的重复导入，所以，在生产环境实际导入过程中一定要弄清楚数据的实际情况才能准确决定如何选用此参数的选项。

 

2.6 并行导入scott用户下所有的内容；

技术分享

[[email protected] ~]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq schemas=scott table_exists_action=replacedumpfile=scott_all%U.dmplogfile=imp_scott_all_U.log parallel=2

 

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 16:26:42 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=imp_wjqschemas=scott table_exists_action=replace dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmplogfile=imp_scott_all_U.log parallel=2

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

ORA-31684:Object type USER:"SCOTT" already exists

 

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.562 KB      14 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completedwith 1 error(s) at Mon Apr 24 16:26:52 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:06

 

3. 特殊需求

特殊需求环境准备：
（1）创建表空间user2：
[email protected]>create tablespace user2 datafile ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/user02.dbf‘size 20M autoextend on maxsize 5G;
（2）创建用户scott2：
[email protected]>create user scott2 identified by tiger defaulttablespace user2;
（3）赋权用户scott2：
[email protected]>grant connect, resource to scott2;

技术分享

 

3.1 如果导入环境的用户不同；

需求：将原scott用户的数据导入到现在的scott2用户。

[[email protected] orcl]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq schemas=scott remap_schema=scott:scott2table_exists_action=replacedumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=imp_scott2_all.log parallel=2

 

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 16:46:13 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=imp_wjqschemas=scott remap_schema=scott:scott2 table_exists_action=replacedumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=imp_scott2_all.log parallel=2

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

ORA-31684: Object type USER:"SCOTT2" already exists

 

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT2"."DEPT"                             5.929 KB       4 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."EMP"                              8.562 KB      14 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."SALGRADE"                         5.859 KB       5 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."BONUS"                                0 KB       0 rows

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completedwith 1 error(s) at Mon Apr 24 16:46:24 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:06

 

 

3.2 如果导入环境的表空间也不同；

需求：将原users表空间的对象重定向到users2表空间。

[[email protected] orcl]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq schemas=scottremap_schema=scott:scott2 remap_tablespace=users:user2table_exists_action=replace dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=imp_scott2_all.logparallel=2

 

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 16:47:59 2017

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Password:

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=imp_wjqschemas=scott remap_schema=scott:scott2 remap_tablespace=users:user2table_exists_action=replace dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=imp_scott2_all.logparallel=2

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

ORA-31684: Object type USER:"SCOTT2" already exists

 

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT2"."DEPT"                             5.929 KB       4 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."EMP"                              8.562 KB      14 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."SALGRADE"                         5.859 KB       5 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."BONUS"                                0 KB       0 rows

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completedwith 1 error(s) at Mon Apr 24 16:48:10 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:06

 

根据结果，可以发现导入的日志最后都提示有一个错误，往上查发现是报错ORA-31684用户已存在，这是因为我们习惯在导入前建立好对应的用户，避免一些其他的权限错误，所以这个错误是可以忽略的。当然其实如果我们已经建立了对应的表空间，用户也是可以不事先建立的，在导入的时候，如果用户不存在，会自动创建用户；


 

作者：SEian.G（苦练七十二变，笑对八十一难）

◇本文在ITPUB：http://blog.itpub.net/31015730/

       51CTO：http://seiang.blog.51cto.com/上有同步更新

◇本文itpub地址：http://blog.itpub.net/31015730/viewspace-2137909/

◇本文51CTO地址：http://seiang.blog.51cto.com/10819863/1919003

 

 



本文出自 “SEianG之路” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://seiang.blog.51cto.com/10819863/1919003

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