编译安装LAMP之配置httpd以FastCGI方式与php整合
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一、编译安装httpd(httpd 2.4.4,相关软件包可到apache官网上下载)
# hwclock -s 将软件时间同步为硬件时间,防止安装软件时出错
1、解决依赖关系
httpd-2.4.4需要较新版本的apr和apr-util,因此需要事先对其进行升级。这里使用源码包进行升级(apr-1.5.2,apr-util-1.5.4 )
(1) 编译安装apr
# tar xf apr-1.5.2.tar.bz2
# cd apr-1.5.2
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
# make && make install
(2) 编译安装apr-util
# tar xf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.bz2
# cd apr-util-1.5.4
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
# make && make install
(3) httpd-2.4.4编译过程也要依赖于pcre-devel软件包,需要事先安装。
#yum -y install pcre-devel
(4) 可在编译安装httpd时会报错:checking for OpenSSL version >=0.9.7 ... FAILED
#yum -y install openssl-devel
#yum update openssl
2、编译安装httpd-2.4.4
# tar xf httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.4.4
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event
(含义:--perfix=/usr/local/apache 指定安装路径;--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd 指定配置文件路径;--enable-so apache核心装载DSO,但实际不编译任何动态模块;--enable-ssl 支持ssl模块;--enable-cgi支持cgi模块;--enable-rewrite 支持url重写;--with-zlib支持zlib库文件;--with-pcre 包含pcre函数;--with-apr=/usr/local/apr 指定apr的路径;--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util 指明apr-util路径;--enable-modules=most 支持模块;支持共享模块;--with-mpm=event加载模块event)
# make && make install
3、修改httpd的主配置文件,设置其Pid文件的路径
#vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf,添加如下行即可:
PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid"
4、提供SysV服务脚本/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd,内容如下:
#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \
# html files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi
# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""
# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably php will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=$?
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
else
killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
fi
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart)
if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
stop
start
fi
;;
reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl [email protected]
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
而后为此脚本赋予执行权限并加入服务列表:
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
# chkconfig --add httpd
5.提供执行相关命令所需的环境变量
#vim /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh,添加以下内容:
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin
6.至此,http服务配置结束,可以启动测试了
#service httpd restart
二、安装mysql(我这里通过编译安装MySQL-5.6.33(通用二进制格式))
1.将下载好的压缩包解压至/usr/local,并进入此目录
# tar xf mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
# cd /usr/local/
2.为解压后的目录创建一个链接,并进入此目录
# ln -sv mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
# cd mysql
3.创建MySQL用户(使其成为系统用户)和MySQL组
# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
# useradd -g 306 -r -u 306 mysql
4.使mysql下的所有文件都属于mysql用户和mysql组
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/*
5.提前准备一个分区用来创建逻辑卷(我这里用/dev/sda5),在此分区上创建逻辑卷并使其可以开机自动挂载使用。
# pvcreate /dev/sda5
# vgcreate myvg /dev/sda5
# lvcreate -n mydata -L 512M myvg
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mydata
#vim /etc/fstab,添加以下内容:
/dev/myvg/mydata /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0
# mkdir /mydata
# mount -a
6.创建数据目录,并使其属于mysql用户和mysql组,其他人无权限
# mkdir /mydata/data
# chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data/
# chmod o-rw /mydata/data/
7.准备安装所需的开发环境
# yum -y install perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64
8.准备就绪,开始安装
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
9.安装完成后为了安全,更改/usr/local/mysql下所有文件的权限
#chown -R root .
10.准备启动脚本,并使其开机自动启动
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig --list mysqld
11.编辑数据库配置文件
# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
#vim /etc/my.cnf,修改和添加以下内容:
datadir = /mydata/data
12.提供执行相关命令所需的环境变量
# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
添加以下内容:
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
13.至此,MySQL服务配置完成,可以启动测试
# systemctl start mysqld
三、编译安装php-5.5.38:(相关包可以到http://www.php.net/ 下载)
1.安装前准备:
1)想让编译的php支持mcrypt扩展,需要装两个包(这两个包需要额外下载):
# rpm -ivh libmcrypt-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
2)如果出现出现configure:error:xml2-config not found错误:
# yum -y install libxml2
#yum -y install libxml2-devel
2.将源码包下载至本地,开始安装
# tar xf php-5.5.38.tar.bz2
#cd php-5.5.38
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2
(释义:
--prefix=/usr/local/php指定php安装目录;--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysqlmysql安装目录,对mysql的支持;--with-openssl增加openssl的支持;--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_configmysqlin扩展技术,不仅可以调用MySQL的存储过程,处理MySQL事物,而且可以使访问数据库工作变得稳定;
--enable-mbstring多字节字符串的支持;
--with-freetype-dir打开对freetype字体库的支持;
--with-jpeg-dir对jpeg格式图片的支持;
--with-png-dir打开对png图片的支持;
--with-zlib打开对zlib库的支持;
--with-libxml-dir=/usr打开libxml2库的支持;
--enable-xml打开对xml的支持;
--enable-sockets打开socket支;--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs;整合apache,apxs功能是使用mod_so中的LoadModule指令,加载指定模块到apache,要求apache 要打开SO模块;
--with-mcrypt算法;
--with-config-file-path=/etc指定php.ini(配置文件)位置;--with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d是搜索下面的ini文件php.ini一起使用;
--with-bz2打开对bz2文件的支持;
)
#make
#make install
3.为php提供配置文件
# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
4.配置php-fpm
为php-fpm提供Sysv init脚本,并将其添加至服务列表:
# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
# chkconfig --add php-fpm
5.为php-fpm提供配置文件:
# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
6.编辑php-fpm的配置文件:
# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 2
pm.max_spare_servers = 8
7.接下来就可以启动php-fpm了:
# service php-fpm start
四、配置虚拟主机支持使用fcgi
1、注释中心主机,启用虚拟主机,并启用mod_proxy_fcgi.so和mod_proxy.so模块
(在Apache httpd 2.4以后已经专门有一个模块针对FastCGI的实现,此模块为mod_proxy_fcgi.so,它其实是作为mod_proxy.so模块的扩充,因此,这两个模块都要加载)
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
注释:DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"
启用:Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
添加:AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php.source .phps
修改:DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
2、需要先创建目录:/www/a.org/,并在其中提供测试页面
# mkdir -p /www/a.org
# vim index.php
<h1>my first </h1>
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
3、编辑虚拟主机配置文件,并检查有无语法错误
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
改为如下内容
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/www/a.org"
ServerName www.a.org
ProxyRequests Off(关闭正向代理功能)
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/www/a.org/$1
<Directory "/www/a.org">
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
# httpd -t
4、现在即可重启httpd,进行测试了!
# systemctl restart httpd
五、安装xcache,为php加速(我这里用xcache-3.1.2)
1.下载源码,解压
# tar xf xcache-3.1.2.tar.bz2
# cd xcache-3.1.2
2.使php加载xcache扩展
# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
在此处可能遇到报错:Cannot find autoconf. Please check your autoconf installation and the $PHP_AUTOCONF environment variable.Then,return this script
原因:Autoconf是一个用于生成可以自动地配置软件源代码包以适应多种Unix类系统的 shell脚本的工具,需要安装。
解决办法:
# cd /usr/src/
#wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/m4-1.4.9.tar.gz
# tar -zvxf m4-1.4.9.tar.gz
# cd m4-1.4.9/
# ./configure && make && make install
# cd ../
# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-2.62.tar.gz
# tar -zvxf autoconf-2.62.tar.gz
# cd autoconf-2.62/
# ./configure && make && make install
3.编译安装
#./configure --enable-xcache -with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/
php-config
#make
#make install
结束后会生成:Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20121212/
4.编辑配置文件
# mkdir /etc/php.d
# cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/
5.重启php-fpm服务
# service php-fpm restart
此时访问到的页面会有xcache的扩展!
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