Java导出Excel模板，导出数据到指定模板，通过模板导入数据
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本文章主要是介绍阿里巴巴的easyexcel的使用
1. 首先需要我们导入easyexcel的依赖包
<!-- alibaba/easyexcel 使用高版本,低版本string接收数字丢小数位的bug -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
<version>2.2.7</version>
</dependency>2. 前期工作准备
编写相关导出模板和导入模板。在项目的resources下创建文件夹，命名为excel
导出模板（此处仅做示例，字段根据自己项目来）：
导入模板（导入时需要哪些字段根据自己项目业务来订）：
将创建好的模板放置到创建好的resources下的excel文件夹内
3. 编写相关基础工具类
ExcelFillCellMergePrevColUtils.java
import com.alibaba.excel.metadata.CellData;
import com.alibaba.excel.metadata.Head;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.handler.CellWriteHandler;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.holder.WriteSheetHolder;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.holder.WriteTableHolder;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 列合并工具类
*
* @author DaiHaijiao
*/
public class ExcelFillCellMergePrevColUtils implements CellWriteHandler
private static final String KEY = "%s-%s";
//所有的合并信息都存在了这个map里面
Map<String, Integer> mergeInfo = new HashMap<>();
public ExcelFillCellMergePrevColUtils()
@Override
public void beforeCellCreate(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder, Row row, Head head, Integer integer, Integer integer1, Boolean aBoolean)
@Override
public void afterCellCreate(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder, Cell cell, Head head, Integer integer, Boolean aBoolean)
@Override
public void afterCellDataConverted(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder, CellData cellData, Cell cell, Head head, Integer integer, Boolean aBoolean)
@Override
public void afterCellDispose(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder, List<CellData> list, Cell cell, Head head, Integer integer, Boolean aBoolean)
//当前行
int curRowIndex = cell.getRowIndex();
//当前列
int curColIndex = cell.getColumnIndex();
Integer num = mergeInfo.get(String.format(KEY, curRowIndex, curColIndex));
if (null != num)
// 合并最后一行 ,列
this.mergeWithPrevCol(writeSheetHolder, cell, curRowIndex, curColIndex, num);
public void mergeWithPrevCol(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, Cell cell, int curRowIndex, int curColIndex, int num)
Sheet sheet = writeSheetHolder.getSheet();
CellRangeAddress cellRangeAddress = new CellRangeAddress(curRowIndex, curRowIndex, curColIndex, curColIndex + num);
sheet.addMergedRegion(cellRangeAddress);
//num从第几列开始增加多少列，(6,2,7)代表的意思就是第6行的第2列至第2+7也就是9列开始合并
public void add(int curRowIndex, int curColIndex, int num)
mergeInfo.put(String.format(KEY, curRowIndex, curColIndex), num);
ExcelFillCellMergeStrategyUtils.java
import com.alibaba.excel.metadata.CellData;
import com.alibaba.excel.metadata.Head;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.handler.CellWriteHandler;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.holder.WriteSheetHolder;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.holder.WriteTableHolder;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellType;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 行合并工具类
*
* @author DaiHaijiao
*/
public class ExcelFillCellMergeStrategyUtils implements CellWriteHandler
/**
* 合并字段的下标
*/
private int[] mergeColumnIndex;
/**
* 合并几行
*/
private int mergeRowIndex;
public ExcelFillCellMergeStrategyUtils(int mergeRowIndex, int[] mergeColumnIndex)
this.mergeRowIndex = mergeRowIndex;
this.mergeColumnIndex = mergeColumnIndex;
@Override
public void beforeCellCreate(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder, Row row,
Head head, Integer integer, Integer integer1, Boolean aBoolean)
@Override
public void afterCellCreate(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder, Cell cell,
Head head, Integer integer, Boolean aBoolean)
@Override
public void afterCellDataConverted(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder,
CellData cellData, Cell cell, Head head, Integer integer, Boolean aBoolean)
@Override
public void afterCellDispose(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder,
List<CellData> list, Cell cell, Head head, Integer integer, Boolean aBoolean)
//当前行
int curRowIndex = cell.getRowIndex();
//当前列
int curColIndex = cell.getColumnIndex();
if (curRowIndex > mergeRowIndex)
for (int i = 0; i < mergeColumnIndex.length; i++)
if (curColIndex == mergeColumnIndex[i])
this.mergeWithPrevRow(writeSheetHolder, cell, curRowIndex, curColIndex);
break;
private void mergeWithPrevRow(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, Cell cell, int curRowIndex, int curColIndex)
//获取当前行的当前列的数据和上一行的当前列列数据，通过上一行数据是否相同进行合并
//获取当前行的第一列
Cell firstNowCell = cell.getSheet().getRow(curRowIndex).getCell(curColIndex);
Object curData = firstNowCell.getCellTypeEnum() == CellType.STRING ? firstNowCell.getStringCellValue() : firstNowCell.getNumericCellValue();
Row preRow = cell.getSheet().getRow(curRowIndex - 1);
if (preRow == null)
// 当获取不到上一行数据时，使用缓存sheet中数据
preRow = writeSheetHolder.getCachedSheet().getRow(curRowIndex - 1);
Cell preCell = preRow.getCell(curColIndex);
Object preData = preCell.getCellTypeEnum() == CellType.STRING ? preCell.getStringCellValue() : preCell.getNumericCellValue();
// 比较当前行的第一列的单元格与上一行是否相同，相同合并当前单元格与上一行
if (curData.equals(preData))
Sheet sheet = writeSheetHolder.getSheet();
List<CellRangeAddress> mergeRegions = sheet.getMergedRegions();
boolean isMerged = false;
for (int i = 0; i < mergeRegions.size() && !isMerged; i++)
CellRangeAddress cellRangeAddr = mergeRegions.get(i);
// 若上一个单元格已经被合并，则先移出原有的合并单元，再重新添加合并单元
if (cellRangeAddr.isInRange(curRowIndex - 1, curColIndex))
sheet.removeMergedRegion(i);
cellRangeAddr.setLastRow(curRowIndex);
sheet.addMergedRegion(cellRangeAddr);
isMerged = true;
// 若上一个单元格未被合并，则新增合并单元
if (!isMerged)
CellRangeAddress cellRangeAddress = new CellRangeAddress(curRowIndex - 1, curRowIndex, curColIndex, curColIndex);
sheet.addMergedRegion(cellRangeAddress);
ExcelUtils.java
import com.alibaba.excel.EasyExcel;
import com.alibaba.excel.ExcelWriter;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.WriteSheet;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.fill.FillConfig;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.fill.FillWrapper;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.*;
/**
* excel导出工具类
*
*/
public class ExcelUtils
/**
* 导出数据到指定Excel
*
* @param response HttpServletResponse对象
* @param excelPath Excel模板地址
* @param excelFileName 文件名称
* @param outerMap 头部内容map
* @param innerMapList 表格内容list
* @param excelFillCellMergePrevColUtils 列合并参数
* @param excelFillCellMergeStrategyUtils 行合并参数
* @throws IOException 异常错误
*/
public static void exportToTemplate(HttpServletResponse response, String excelPath, String excelFileName, Map<String, Object> outerMap, List<Map<String, Object>> innerMapList,
ExcelFillCellMergePrevColUtils excelFillCellMergePrevColUtils, ExcelFillCellMergeStrategyUtils excelFillCellMergeStrategyUtils) throws IOException
InputStream inputStream = new ClassPathResource(excelPath).getInputStream();
response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String fileName = URLEncoder.encode(excelFileName, "UTF-8");
response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName + ".xlsx");
ExcelWriter excelWriter = EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream())
.withTemplate(inputStream)
.registerWriteHandler(excelFillCellMergePrevColUtils)
.registerWriteHandler(excelFillCellMergeStrategyUtils)
.build();
WriteSheet writeSheet = EasyExcel.writerSheet().build();
FillConfig fillConfig = FillConfig.builder().forceNewRow(Boolean.TRUE).build();
if (null != innerMapList && innerMapList.size() > 0)
FillWrapper listWrapper = new FillWrapper("list", innerMapList);
excelWriter.fill(listWrapper, fillConfig, writeSheet);
if (null != outerMap && outerMap.size() > 0)
excelWriter.fill(outerMap, writeSheet);
excelWriter.finish();
/**
* 验证并获取excel单元格内的值
*
* @param columnData 列值,object类型
* @param rowIndex 行号
* @param columnIndex 列号
* @param fieldName 字段名称
* @param lengthLimit 限制长度数（null时不做判断）
* @param ifJudgeEmpty 是否需要判空（默认是）
* @return 字符串格式值
* @throws Exception 逻辑异常
*/
public static String checkValue(Object columnData, int rowIndex, int columnIndex, String fieldName, Integer lengthLimit,
Boolean ifJudgeEmpty) throws Exception
String value = getStringValue(columnData);
ifJudgeEmpty = null == ifJudgeEmpty ? true : ifJudgeEmpty;
if (ifJudgeEmpty)
//需要判空
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(value))
throw new Exception("第" + (rowIndex + 1) + "行，第" + (columnIndex + 1) + "列，" + fieldName + "不能为空");
if (null != lengthLimit && lengthLimit > 0)
//需要判断字符长度
if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(value))
if (value.length() > lengthLimit)
throw new Exception("第" + (rowIndex + 1) + "行，第" + (columnIndex + 1) + "列，" + fieldName + "不能超过" + lengthLimit + "个字符");
return value;
/**
* String => LocalDate
* 入参str和pattern格式需要对应
*
* @param str
* @return LocalDate
*/
public static LocalDate str2LocalDate(String str)
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str))
return null;
if (str.indexOf("-") != -1 || str.indexOf("/") != -1)
String pattern = str.indexOf("/") != -1 ? "yyyy/MM/dd" : "yyyy-MM-dd";
try
//测试日期字符串是否符合日期
DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(pattern);
return LocalDate.parse(str, dateTimeFormatter);
catch (Exception e)
pattern = str.indexOf("/") != -1 ? "yyyy/M/d" : "yyyy-M-d";
DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(pattern);
return LocalDate.parse(str, dateTimeFormatter);
else
Calendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar(1900, 0, -1);
Date date = calendar.getTime();
int amount = Integer.parseInt(str);
if (amount > 0)
Calendar calendar1 = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar1.setTime(date);
calendar1.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, amount);
date = calendar.getTime();
return date.toInstant().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault()).toLocalDate();
/**
* 获取String类型的值
*
* @param columnData 列值,object类型
* @return 字符串格式值
*/
public static String getStringValue(Object columnData)
if (columnData == null)
return null;
else
String res = columnData.toString().replace("[\\\\t\\\\n\\\\r]", "").trim();
return res;
// //判断是否是科学计数法 true是科学计数法,false不是科学计数法
// boolean isMache=SCIENTIFIC_COUNTING_METHOD_PATTERN.matcher(res).matches();
// if(isMache)
// BigDecimal resDecimal = new BigDecimal(res);
// return resDecimal.toPlainString();
// else
// return res;
//
上面的Excel中牵扯合并相关类，下一个帖子到时候会讲述合并相关用法。
4. 控制层用法
4.1 导出模板
/**
* 导出模板
*
* @param response HttpServletResponse对象
* @throws Exception 导出异常
*/
@GetMapping(value = "/exportTemplate", produces = "application/octet-stream")
public void exportTemplate(HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception
ExcelUtils.exportToTemplate(response, "excel/某某管理导入模板.xlsx", "某某管理导入模板", null, null, null, null);
4.2 导出数据
接收导出数据的入参，可以单个单个的接收，也可以直接定义一个对象去接收，此处采用对象来接收的，如需对参数进行校验，可以通过注解的方式进行数据校验
UserExcelParam.java
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 某某管理导出入参
*
* @author DaiHaijiao
*/
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UserExcelParam implements Serializable
private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
/**
* 主键id
*/
private String dataIds;
/**
* 所属单位(组织机构表id)
*/
private String departmentId;
/**
* 人员名
*/
private String userName;
/**
* 证书状态（-1已过期 0即将过期 1正常）
*/
private Integer status;
/**
* 导出数据
*
* @param excelParam 导出入参
* @param response HttpServletResponse对象
* @throws Exception 导出异常
*/
@GetMapping(value = "/export", produces = "application/octet-stream")
public void export(@RequestBody @Validated UserExcelParam excelParam, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception
// excelParam为入参对象，也可拆成单个参数来接收
// 根据入参查询用户数据集合
List<User> resultList = userService.list(excelParam);
String title = "这个是Excel导出后Excel里面显示的标题";
Map<String, Object> outerMap = new HashMap<>(2);
outerMap.put("title", title);
List<Map<String, Object>> innerMapList = new ArrayList<>();
User item;
String startDate, endDate;
for (int i = 0; i < resultList.size(); ++i)
item = resultList.get(i);
Map<String, Object> innerMap = new HashMap<>(16);
innerMap.put("index", i + 1);
innerMap.put("name", item.getName());
innerMap.put("departmentName", item.getDepartmentName());
innerMap.put("userName", item.getUserName());
// 注意：时间需要转换成字符串形式
startDate = DateUtils.localDate2String(item.getStartValidity(), "yyyy-MM-dd");
if (null == item.getEndValidity())
innerMap.put("validityPeriod", startDate + " ~ ");
else
endDate = DateUtils.localDate2String(item.getEndValidity(), "yyyy-MM-dd");
innerMap.put("validityPeriod", startDate + " ~ " + endDate);
innerMap.put("someTypeName", item.getSomeTypeName());
innerMap.put("statusVal", item.getStatusVal());
innerMapList.add(innerMap);
ExcelUtils.exportToTemplate(response, "excel/某某管理导出模板.xlsx", title, outerMap, innerMapList, null, null);
如果导出模板中字段太多，可以在上述代码的for循环中直接对象转map，对于个别特殊字段手动在处理一次。
4.3 导入数据
这个稍微有点麻烦，首先我们需要创建监听类。监听类中需要对导入的Excel中的每一条数据进行校验，当发现有数据异常时会抛出异常，终止后面的数据校验。数据全部校验完成后会产生一个数据集合，最后执行的批量插入。
UserReadExcelListener.java
import com.alibaba.excel.context.AnalysisContext;
import com.alibaba.excel.event.AnalysisEventListener;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 某某管理数据导入监听
*
* @author DaiHaijiao
*/
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
public class UserReadExcelListener extends AnalysisEventListener
/**
* 解析的数据集合
*/
List<User> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
/**
* 资质类型字典数据
*/
static List<DictData> dictDataList;
/**
* 所属单位
*/
static String departmentId;
public static UserReadExcelListener newBean(List<DictData> dictDatas, String deptId)
dictDataList = dictDatas;
departmentId = deptId;
return new UserReadExcelListener();
/**
* 读取excel每一行都会触发本方法
*
* @param data 行数据
* @param context AnalysisContext
*/
@SneakyThrows
@Override
public void invoke(Object data, AnalysisContext context)
User excelData = new User();
// 当前数据行号,从0开始
Integer rowIndex = context.readRowHolder().getRowIndex();
LinkedHashMap dataTemp = (LinkedHashMap) data;
for (int i = 0; i < dataTemp.size(); i++)
this.parseColumnData(rowIndex, i, dataTemp.get(i), excelData);
// 解析完一行数据后,添加到集合中
excelData.setDepartmentId(departmentId);
dataList.add(excelData);
/**
* 解析列值
*
* @param rowIndex 行号
* @param columnIndex 列号
* @param columnData 列值,object类型
* @param excelData 实例对象
* @throws Exception 逻辑异常
*/
private void parseColumnData(Integer rowIndex, Integer columnIndex, Object columnData, User excelData) throws Exception
// 逐列判断并使用正确的类型接收value,列号从0开始
if (columnIndex == 1)
//某编号
String value = ExcelUtils.checkValue(columnData, rowIndex, columnIndex, "某编号", 16, null);
excelData.setNo(value);
else if (columnIndex == 2)
//某类型
String value = ExcelUtils.checkValue(columnData, rowIndex, columnIndex, "某类型", null, null);
DictData dictData = dictDataList.stream().filter(item -> value.equals(item.getDictLabel())).findFirst().orElse(null);
if (null == dictData)
throw new Exception("第" + (rowIndex + 1) + "行，第" + (columnIndex + 1) + "列，某类型有误");
excelData.setSomeType(dictData.getDataId());
else if (columnIndex == 3)
//某单位
excelData.setIssuingUnit(ExcelUtils.checkValue(columnData, rowIndex, columnIndex, "某单位", 64, false));
else if (columnIndex == 4)
//有效期之开始时间
String value = ExcelUtils.checkValue(columnData, rowIndex, columnIndex, "有效期之开始时间", null, null);
try
excelData.setStartValidity(ExcelUtils.str2LocalDate(value));
catch (Exception e)
throw new Exception("第" + (rowIndex + 1) + "行，第" + (columnIndex + 1) + "列，有效期之开始时间格式有误");
else if (columnIndex == 5)
//有效期之结束时间
String value = ExcelUtils.checkValue(columnData, rowIndex, columnIndex, "有效期之结束时间", null, false);
LocalDate endValidity = null;
if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(value))
try
endValidity = ExcelUtils.str2LocalDate(value);
catch (Exception e)
throw new Exception("第" + (rowIndex + 1) + "行，第" + (columnIndex + 1) + "列，有效期之结束时间格式有误");
long start = DateUtils.localDate2Date(excelData.getStartValidity()).getTime();
if (DateUtils.localDate2Date(endValidity).getTime() <= start)
throw new Exception("第" + (rowIndex + 1) + "行，第" + (columnIndex + 1) + "列，有效期之结束时间必须大于开始时间");
excelData.setEndValidity(endValidity);
/**
* excel解析后置处理器,在excel解析完成后执行一次
*/
@Override
public void doAfterAllAnalysed(AnalysisContext context)
System.out.println("excel解析后置处理器");
/**
* 导入数据
*
* @param file excel文件
* @return 是否成功
*/
@PostMapping("/import")
@ResponseBody
// @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public Object importExcel(@RequestParam("file") @NotNull MultipartFile file)
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(8);
// 类型字典数据
List<DictData> dictDataList = dictDataService.queryDataByType("A_TYPE");
// 获取当前公司id
String departmentId = departmentService.getNowUserDepartmentsId();
// 将参数传递到读取监听类中
UserReadExcelListener excelListener = UserReadExcelListener.newBean(dictDataList, departmentId);
try
EasyExcel.read(file.getInputStream()).sheet(0).headRowNumber(1).registerReadListener(excelListener).doRead();
catch (Exception e)
e.printStackTrace();
map.put("code", "100");
map.put("msg", "请求失败");
return map;
List<User> dataList = excelListener.getDataList();
if (dataList.size() == 0)
map.put("code", "500");
map.put("msg", "导入数据不能为空");
return map;
boolean result = true;
// 批量插入基数（插入数据量为100时性能还行）
int baseY = 100;
int y = dataList.size() / baseY + 1;
int z = dataList.size() % 100;
for (int i = 0; i < y; i++)
if (i != y - 1)
result = userService.insertMore(dataList.subList(i * baseY, (i + 1) * baseY));
else
result = dataList.subList(i * baseY, i * baseY + z).size() == 0 ? true : userService.insertMore(dataList.subList(i * baseY, i * baseY + z));
if (!result)
map.put("code", "500");
map.put("msg", "数据导入失败");
return map;
map.put("code", "200");
map.put("msg", "请求成功");
return map;
监听类中的校验可能用用到其他的一些数据，而这些数据可以在实例化监听类时通过构造方法进行传递操作，如不需要就不多说了。
java 导出excel表格 高手进
java用excel模板导出excel表格。我的excel模板里有一个统计模板表格，只能导出一张统计表格。每个模板表格里只可以导出15条数据。我现在想做的是，假如我想导出几百条数据，希望可以接着模板下面，导出多张统计表。如下图：我的模板只有一个表格，假如很多条数据，就接着导出在下面。高手有什么办法吗？？？？谢谢了！！
不用工具的，我们是用java代码导出的，有办法吗？
追答有啊 用 Process pr = Runtime.exec("cmd /c start excel(运行c盘中的excl) c:/test.xls（生成test的excel）")（你在通过数据库查出数据 通过io流 输入excel）
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