SpringCloud Gateway API接口安全设计（加密 签名）
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1 防止数据抓包窃取
1.1 风险简述
简述：当用户登录时，恶意攻击者可以用抓包工具可以拿到用户提交的表单信息，可以获取用户的账号密码，进而可以恶意访问网站。
1.2 RSA 非对称加密
1.2.1 RSA简介
RSA加密算法是一种非对称加密算法。在公开密钥加密和电子商业中RSA被广泛使用。RSA是1977年由罗纳德·李维斯特（Ron Rivest）、阿迪·萨莫尔（Adi Shamir）和伦纳德·阿德曼（Leonard Adleman）一起提出的。当时他们三人都在麻省理工学院工作。RSA就是他们三人姓氏开头字母拼在一起组成的。
1973年，在英国政府通讯总部工作的数学家克利福德·柯克斯（Clifford Cocks）在一个内部文件中提出了一个相同的算法，但他的发现被列入机密，一直到1997年才被发表。对极大整数做因数分解的难度决定了RSA算法的可靠性。换言之，对一极大整数做因数分解愈困难，RSA算法愈可靠。
假如有人找到一种快速因数分解的算法的话，那么用RSA加密的信息的可靠性就肯定会极度下降。但找到这样的算法的可能性是非常小的。今天只有短的RSA钥匙才可能被强力方式解破。到目前为止，世界上还没有任何可靠的攻击RSA算法的方式。只要其钥匙的长度足够长，用RSA加密的信息实际上是不能被解破的。
1983年麻省理工学院在美国为RSA算法申请了专利。这个专利2000年9月21日失效。由于该算法在申请专利前就已经被发表了，在世界上大多数其它地区这个专利权不被承认。
1.2.2 RSA应用过程
非对称算法的在应用的过程如下:
接收方生成公钥和私钥，公钥公开，私钥保留；
发送方将要发送的消息采用公钥加密，得到密文，然后将密文发送给接收方；
接收方收到密文后，用自己的私钥进行解密，获得明文。
1.2.3 RSA工具类
package com.demo.utils;
import com.demo.excepiton.RsaException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Slf4j
public class RSAUtils
public static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "public_key";
public static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "private_key";
public static Map<String, String> generateRasKey()
Map<String, String> rs = new HashMap<>();
try
// KeyPairGenerator类用于生成公钥和私钥对，基于RSA算法生成对象
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = null;
keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
keyPairGen.initialize(1024, new SecureRandom());
// 生成一个密钥对，保存在keyPair中
KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
// 得到私钥 公钥
RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
String publicKeyString = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(publicKey.getEncoded()));
// 得到私钥字符串
String privateKeyString = new String(Base64.encodeBase64((privateKey.getEncoded())));
// 将公钥和私钥保存到Map
rs.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKeyString);
rs.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKeyString);
catch (Exception e)
log.error("RsaUtils invoke genKeyPair failed.", e);
throw new RsaException("RsaUtils invoke genKeyPair failed.");
return rs;
public static String encrypt(String str, String publicKey)
try
//base64编码的公钥
byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey);
RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
//RSA加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey);
return Base64.encodeBase64String(cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
catch (Exception e)
log.error("RsaUtils invoke encrypt failed.", e);
throw new RsaException("RsaUtils invoke encrypt failed.");
public static String decrypt(String str, String privateKey)
try
//64位解码加密后的字符串
byte[] inputByte = Base64.decodeBase64(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
//base64编码的私钥
byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey);
RSAPrivateKey priKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
//RSA解密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey);
return new String(cipher.doFinal(inputByte));
catch (Exception e)
log.error("RsaUtils invoke decrypt failed.", e);
throw new RsaException("RsaUtils invoke decrypt failed.");
RsaException: 是自定义异常
@Getter
public class RsaException extends RuntimeException
private final String message;
public RsaException(String message)
this.message = message;
1.2.4 UT
package com.rosh;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.demo.utils.RSAUtils;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @Description:
* @Author: rosh
* @Date: 2021/10/25 22:30
*/
public class RsaTest
/**
* 用测试生成的公钥，私钥赋值
*/
private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCFtTlL61IqIGd+fRLUhJ0MjsqFXFJswCohJ45m51WvbxDPRP3gllW0WChk74D5JEOpMDSWo4C7RfoGlBRNW7kQ6qYGukYZ5jgYpzoT0+gp3on96fQXEyQJysv9xiTPIdmSXXVVj1HAOJw29RbzxIVKUSzzPXvEtXRTtCC1+wkAJQIDAQAB";
private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "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";
/**
* 生成公钥私钥
*/
@Test
public void generateRsaKey()
Map<String, String> map = RSAUtils.generateRasKey();
System.out.println("随机生成的公钥为:" + map.get(RSAUtils.PUBLIC_KEY));
System.out.println("随机生成的私钥为:" + map.get(RSAUtils.PRIVATE_KEY));
/**
* 加密: Yeidauky/iN1/whevov2+ntzXJKAp2AHfESu5ixnDqH5iB7ww+TcfqJpDfkPHfb12Y0sVXw0gBHNJ4inkh7l2/SJBze3pKQU/mg3oyDokTia3JZIs+e80/iJcSfN+yA1JaqY+eJPYiBiOGAF2S6x0ynvJg/Wj0fwp2Tq3PDzRMo=
*/
@Test
public void testEncrypt()
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("username", "rosh");
jsonObject.put("password", "123456");
String str = jsonObject.toJSONString();
String encrypt = RSAUtils.encrypt(str, PUBLIC_KEY);
System.out.println(encrypt);
@Test
public void testDecrypt()
String decrypt = RSAUtils.decrypt("Yeidauky/iN1/whevov2+ntzXJKAp2AHfESu5ixnDqH5iB7ww+TcfqJpDfkPHfb12Y0sVXw0gBHNJ4inkh7l2/SJBze3pKQU/mg3oyDokTia3JZIs+e80/iJcSfN+yA1JaqY+eJPYiBiOGAF2S6x0ynvJg/Wj0fwp2Tq3PDzRMo=",
PRIVATE_KEY);
System.out.println(decrypt);
1.3 案例
SpringCloud Gateway + SpringBoot + Nacos+redis
1.3.1 前端登录代码
后端把公钥跟前端约定好：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登录页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<from id="from">
账号：<input id="username" type="text"/>
<br/>
密码：<input id="password" type="password"/>
<br/>
<input id="btn_login" type="button" value="登录"/>
</from>
<script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/jsencrypt.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var encrypt = new JSEncrypt();
encrypt.setPublicKey("MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCFtTlL61IqIGd+fRLUhJ0MjsqFXFJswCohJ45m51WvbxDPRP3gllW0WChk74D5JEOpMDSWo4C7RfoGlBRNW7kQ6qYGukYZ5jgYpzoT0+gp3on96fQXEyQJysv9xiTPIdmSXXVVj1HAOJw29RbzxIVKUSzzPXvEtXRTtCC1+wkAJQIDAQAB");
$("#btn_login").click(function ()
const username = $("#username").val();
const password = $("#password").val();
const form = ;
form.username = username;
form.password = password;
$.ajax(
url: "http://localhost:9000/api/user/login",
data: encrypt.encrypt(JSON.stringify(form)),
type: "POST",
dataType: "json",
contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8",
success: function (data)
console.log(data);
);
)
</script>
</body>
</html>1.3.2 前端查询代码
设定公钥、token，token是登录成功后返回的值
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>查询测试</title>
</head>
<body>
id：<input id="id_txt" type="text"/>
<input id="btn_search" type="button" value="查询"/>
<script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/jsencrypt.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var encrypt = new JSEncrypt();
encrypt.setPublicKey("MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCFtTlL61IqIGd+fRLUhJ0MjsqFXFJswCohJ45m51WvbxDPRP3gllW0WChk74D5JEOpMDSWo4C7RfoGlBRNW7kQ6qYGukYZ5jgYpzoT0+gp3on96fQXEyQJysv9xiTPIdmSXXVVj1HAOJw29RbzxIVKUSzzPXvEtXRTtCC1+wkAJQIDAQAB");
$("#btn_search").click(function ()
const id = $("#id_txt").val();
const param = "id=" + id + "&requestId=" + getUuid();
encrypt.encrypt(param);
const url = "http://localhost:9000/api/user/detail?param=" + encrypt.encrypt(param);
$.ajax(
url: url,
beforeSend: function (XMLHttpRequest)
XMLHttpRequest.setRequestHeader("token", "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJqdGkiOiIzYzE1ODczYS1iMGUxLTQyNzctYTRjOS1kYTMwNjdiYmE0NWIiLCJpYXQiOjE2MzUzMDYwMDAsInN1YiI6IntcInBhc3N3b3JkXCI6XCIxMjM0NTZcIixcInVzZXJJZFwiOjEsXCJ1c2VybmFtZVwiOlwiYWRtaW5cIn0iLCJleHAiOjE2MzU1NjUyMDB9.fIQi_cV2ZMszBVFV4GoIpGhCSENQKrDi8DsbArk7mGk");
,
type: "GET",
success: function (data)
console.log(data);
);
);
function getUuid()
var s = [];
var hexDigits = "0123456789abcdef";
for (var i = 0; i < 32; i++)
s[i] = hexDigits.substr(Math.floor(Math.random() * 0x10), 1);
s[14] = "4"; // bits 12-15 of the time_hi_and_version field to 0010
s[19] = hexDigits.substr((s[19] & 0x3) | 0x8, 1); // bits 6-7 of the clock_seq_hi_and_reserved to 01
s[8] = s[13] = s[18] = s[23];
var uuid = s.join("");
return uuid;
</script>
</body>
</html>1.3.3 GatewayFilterConfig
解密前端传来的参数并修改传参
package com.demo.gateway.config;
import com.demo.constant.UserConstant;
import com.demo.excepiton.RSAException;
import com.demo.utils.RSAUtils;
import com.demo.utils.TokenUtils;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.rewrite.CachedBodyOutputMessage;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.BodyInserterContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.ReactiveHttpOutputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequestDecorator;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.AntPathMatcher;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserter;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.HandlerStrategies;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerRequest;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.net.URI;
/**
* @Description:
* @Author: rosh
* @Date: 2021/10/26 22:24
*/
@Configuration
@Component
public class GatewayFilterConfig implements GlobalFilter, Ordered
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain)
//1 如果是登录不校验Token
String requestUrl = exchange.getRequest().getPath().value();
AntPathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher();
if (!pathMatcher.match("/user/login", requestUrl))
String token = exchange.getRequest().getHeaders().getFirst(UserConstant.TOKEN);
Claims claim = TokenUtils.getClaim(token);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(token) || claim == null)
return FilterUtils.invalidToken(exchange);
//2 修改请求参数,并获取请求参数
try
updateRequestParam(exchange);
catch (Exception e)
return FilterUtils.invalidUrl(exchange);
//3 获取请求体,修改请求体
ServerRequest serverRequest = ServerRequest.create(exchange, HandlerStrategies.withDefaults().messageReaders());
Mono<String> modifiedBody = serverRequest.bodyToMono(String.class).flatMap(body ->
String encrypt = RSAUtils.decrypt(body, RSAConstant.PRIVATE_KEY);
return Mono.just(encrypt);
);
//创建BodyInserter修改请求体
BodyInserter<Mono<String>, ReactiveHttpOutputMessage> bodyInserter = BodyInserters.fromPublisher(modifiedBody, String.class);
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.putAll(exchange.getRequest().getHeaders());
headers.remove(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_LENGTH);
//创建CachedBodyOutputMessage并且把请求param加入
CachedBodyOutputMessage outputMessage = new CachedBodyOutputMessage(exchange, headers);
return bodyInserter.insert(outputMessage, new BodyInserterContext()).then(Mono.defer(() ->
ServerHttpRequestDecorator decorator = new ServerHttpRequestDecorator(exchange.getRequest())
@Override
public Flux<DataBuffer> getBody()
return outputMessage.getBody();
;
return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().request(decorator).build());
));
/**
* 修改前端传的参数
*/
private void updateRequestParam(ServerWebExchange exchange) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException
ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
URI uri = request.getURI();
String query = uri.getQuery();
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(query) && query.contains("param"))
String[] split = query.split("=");
String param = RSAUtils.decrypt(split[1], RSAConstant.PRIVATE_KEY);
Field targetQuery = uri.getClass().getDeclaredField("query");
targetQuery.setAccessible(true);
targetQuery.set(uri, param);
@Override
public int getOrder()
return 80;
1.3.4 GateWay 统一异常
public abstract class AbstractExceptionHandler
protected JSONObject buildErrorMap(Throwable ex)
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
if (ex instanceof RSAException || ex instanceof IllegalArgumentException)
json.put("code", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value());
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(ex.getMessage()))
json.put("msg", ex.getMessage());
else
json.put("msg", "无效的请求");
else
json.put("code", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value());
json.put("msg", "未知错误联系管理员");
return json;
@Configuration
public class GatewayExceptionConfig
@Primary
@Bean
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
public ErrorWebExceptionHandler errorWebExceptionHandler(ObjectProvider<List<ViewResolver>> viewResolversProvider,
ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer)
GatewayExceptionHandler gatewayExceptionHandler = new GatewayExceptionHandler();
gatewayExceptionHandler.setViewResolvers(viewResolversProvider.getIfAvailable(Collections::emptyList));
gatewayExceptionHandler.setMessageWriters(serverCodecConfigurer.getWriters());
gatewayExceptionHandler.setMessageReaders(serverCodecConfigurer.getReaders());
return gatewayExceptionHandler;
package com.demo.gateway.exception;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.codec.HttpMessageReader;
import org.springframework.http.codec.HttpMessageWriter;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RequestPredicates;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerRequest;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.result.view.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@Slf4j
public class GatewayExceptionHandler extends AbstractExceptionHandler implements ErrorWebExceptionHandler
private List<HttpMessageReader<?>> messageReaders = Collections.emptyList();
private List<HttpMessageWriter<?>> messageWriters = Collections.emptyList();
private List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers = Collections.emptyList();
private ThreadLocal<JSONObject> exceptionHandlerResult = new ThreadLocal<>();
public void setMessageReaders(List<HttpMessageReader<?>> messageReaders)
Assert.notNull(messageReaders, "'messageReaders' must not be null");
this.messageReaders = messageReaders;
public void setViewResolvers(List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers)
this.viewResolvers = viewResolvers;
public void setMessageWriters(List<HttpMessageWriter<?>> messageWriters)
Assert.notNull(messageWriters, "'messageWriters' must not be null");
this.messageWriters = messageWriters;
@Override
public Mono<Void> handle(ServerWebExchange exchange, Throwable ex)
JSONObject errorInfo = super.buildErrorMap(ex);
if (exchange.getResponse().isCommitted())
return Mono.error(ex);
exceptionHandlerResult.set(errorInfo);
ServerRequest newRequest = ServerRequest.create(exchange, this.messageReaders);
return RouterFunctions.route(RequestPredicates.all(), this::renderErrorResponse).route(newRequest)
.switchIfEmpty(Mono.error(ex))
.flatMap(handler -> handler.handle(newRequest))
.flatMap(response -> write(exchange, response));
protected Mono<ServerResponse> renderErrorResponse(ServerRequest request)
Map<String, Object> result = exceptionHandlerResult.get();
return ServerResponse.status(HttpStatus.OK)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.body(BodyInserters.fromValue(result));
private Mono<? extends Void> write(ServerWebExchange exchange,
ServerResponse response)
exchange.getResponse().getHeaders().setContentType(response.headers().getContentType());
return response.writeTo(exchange, new ResponseContext());
private class ResponseContext implements ServerResponse.Context
@Override
public List<HttpMessageWriter<?>> messageWriters()
return GatewayExceptionHandler.this.messageWriters;
@Override
public List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers()
return GatewayExceptionHandler.this.viewResolvers;
1.3.5 JAVA业务代码
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@PostMapping("/login")
public String login(@RequestBody UserForm userForm)
return userService.login(userForm);
@GetMapping("/detail")
public JSONObject detail(@RequestParam("id") Long id)
return userService.detail(id);
@Service
public class UserService
private static final String USERNAME = "admin";
private static final String PASSWORD = "123456";
private static final Long USER_ID = 1L;
/**
* 模拟 登录 username = admin, password =123456,user_id 1L 登录成功 返回token
*/
public String login(UserForm userForm)
String username = userForm.getUsername();
String password = userForm.getPassword();
if (USERNAME.equals(username) && PASSWORD.equals(password))
JSONObject userInfo = new JSONObject();
userInfo.put("username", USERNAME);
userInfo.put("password", PASSWORD);
userInfo.put("userId", USER_ID);
return TokenUtils.createToken(userInfo.toJSONString());
return "账号密码不正确";
public JSONObject detail(Long id)
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("id", id);
jsonObject.put("name", "admin");
return jsonObject;
1.3.6 测试
登录：返回token
查询：
2 设置URL有效时长
为了增强URL安全性，前端在header中添加时间戳。
2.1 前端代码
在header中添加时间戳
2.2 后端验证时间戳
private Long getDateTimestamp(HttpHeaders httpHeaders)
List<String> list = httpHeaders.get("timestamp");
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(list))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("拒绝服务");
long timestamp = Long.parseLong(list.get(0));
long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
//有效时长为5分钟
if (currentTimeMillis - timestamp > 1000 * 60 * 5)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("拒绝服务");
return timestamp;
2.3 测试不传时间戳
3 确保URL唯一性
确保URL唯一性，前端请求中增加UUID，后端存入redis，有效时长为5分钟，5分钟重复提交拒绝服务
3.1 修改前端请求参数
3.2 后端增加验证RequestId
private String getRequestId(HttpHeaders headers)
List<String> list = headers.get("requestId");
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(list))
throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_MESSAGE);
String requestId = list.get(0);
//如果requestId存在redis中直接返回
String temp = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(requestId);
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(temp))
throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_MESSAGE);
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(requestId, requestId, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
return requestId;
4 增加签名
最后一步，添加签名
4.1 前端增加签名
跟前端约定好，json数据按照ASCII升序排序。
登录页面：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登录页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<from id="from">
账号：<input id="username" type="text"/>
<br/>
密码：<input id="password" type="password"/>
<br/>
<input id="btn_login" type="button" value="登录"/>
</from>
<script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/jsencrypt.js"></script>
<script src="js/md5.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var encrypt = new JSEncrypt();
encrypt.setPublicKey("MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCFtTlL61IqIGd+fRLUhJ0MjsqFXFJswCohJ45m51WvbxDPRP3gllW0WChk74D5JEOpMDSWo4C7RfoGlBRNW7kQ6qYGukYZ5jgYpzoT0+gp3on96fQXEyQJysv9xiTPIdmSXXVVj1HAOJw29RbzxIVKUSzzPXvEtXRTtCC1+wkAJQIDAQAB");
$("#btn_login").click(function ()
//表单
const username = $("#username").val();
const password = $("#password").val();
const form = ;
form.username = username;
form.password = password;
//生成签名，也可以加盐
const timestamp = Date.parse(new Date());
const data = JSON.stringify(sort_ASCII(form));
const requestId = getUuid();
const sign = MD5(data + requestId + timestamp);
$.ajax(
url: "http://localhost:9000/api/user/login",
beforeSend: function (XMLHttpRequest)
XMLHttpRequest.setRequestHeader("timestamp", timestamp);
XMLHttpRequest.setRequestHeader("requestId", requestId);
XMLHttpRequest.setRequestHeader("sign", sign);
,
data: encrypt.encrypt(data),
type: "POST",
dataType: "json",
contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8",
success: function (data)
console.log(data);
);
);
function getUuid()
var s = [];
var hexDigits = "0123456789abcdef";
for (var i = 0; i < 32; i++)
s[i] = hexDigits.substr(Math.floor(Math.random() * 0x10), 1);
s[14] = "4"; // bits 12-15 of the time_hi_and_version field to 0010
s[19] = hexDigits.substr((s[19] & 0x3) | 0x8, 1); // bits 6-7 of the clock_seq_hi_and_reserved to 01
s[8] = s[13] = s[18] = s[23];
var uuid = s.join("");
return uuid;
function sort_ASCII(obj)
var arr = new Array();
var num = 0;
for (var i in obj)
arr[num] = i;
num++;
var sortArr = arr.sort();
var sortObj = ;
for (var i in sortArr)
sortObj[sortArr[i]] = obj[sortArr[i]];
return sortObj;
</script>
</body>
</html>4.2 增强读取Body类
/**
* @Description:
* @Author: Rosh
* @Date: 2021/10/27 11:03
*/
public class MyCachedBodyOutputMessage extends CachedBodyOutputMessage
private Map<String, Object> paramMap;
private Long dateTimestamp;
private String requestId;
private String sign;
public MyCachedBodyOutputMessage(ServerWebExchange exchange, HttpHeaders httpHeaders)
super(exchange, httpHeaders);
public void initial(Map<String, Object> paramMap, String requestId, String sign, Long dateTimestamp)
this.paramMap = paramMap;
this.requestId = requestId;
this.sign = sign;
this.dateTimestamp = dateTimestamp;
public Map<String, Object> getParamMap()
return paramMap;
public Long getDateTimestamp()
return dateTimestamp;
public String getRequestId()
return requestId;
public String getSign()
return sign;
4.3 修改GatewayFilterConfig
package com.demo.gateway.config;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.alibaba.nacos.common.utils.Md5Utils;
import com.demo.constant.UserConstant;
import com.demo.gateway.pojo.MyCachedBodyOutputMessage;
import com.demo.utils.RSAUtils;
import com.demo.utils.TokenUtils;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.BodyInserterContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.ReactiveHttpOutputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequestDecorator;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.AntPathMatcher;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserter;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.HandlerStrategies;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerRequest;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* @Description:
* @Author: rosh
* @Date: 2021/10/26 22:24
*/
@Configuration
@Component
public class GatewayFilterConfig implements GlobalFilter, Ordered
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;
private static final String ERROR_MESSAGE = "拒绝服务";
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain)
//1 获取时间戳
Long dateTimestamp = getDateTimestamp(exchange.getRequest().getHeaders());
//2 获取RequestId
String requestId = getRequestId(exchange.getRequest().getHeaders());
//3 获取签名
String sign = getSign(exchange.getRequest().getHeaders());
//4 如果是登录不校验Token
String requestUrl = exchange.getRequest().getPath().value();
AntPathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher();
if (!pathMatcher.match("/user/login", requestUrl))
String token = exchange.getRequest().getHeaders().getFirst(UserConstant.TOKEN);
Claims claim = TokenUtils.getClaim(token);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(token) || claim == null)
return FilterUtils.invalidToken(exchange);
//5 修改请求参数,并获取请求参数
Map<String, Object> paramMap;
try
paramMap = updateRequestParam(exchange);
catch (Exception e)
return FilterUtils.invalidUrl(exchange);
//6 获取请求体,修改请求体
ServerRequest serverRequest = ServerRequest.create(exchange, HandlerStrategies.withDefaults().messageReaders());
Mono<String> modifiedBody = serverRequest.bodyToMono(String.class).flatMap(body ->
String encrypt = RSAUtils.decrypt(body, RSAConstant.PRIVATE_KEY);
JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(encrypt);
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : jsonObject.entrySet())
paramMap.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
checkSign(sign, dateTimestamp, requestId, paramMap);
return Mono.just(encrypt);
);
//创建BodyInserter修改请求体
BodyInserter<Mono<String>, ReactiveHttpOutputMessage> bodyInserter = BodyInserters.fromPublisher(modifiedBody, String.class);
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.putAll(exchange.getRequest().getHeaders());
headers.remove(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_LENGTH);
//创建CachedBodyOutputMessage并且把请求param加入,初始化校验信息
MyCachedBodyOutputMessage outputMessage = new MyCachedBodyOutputMessage(exchange, headers);
outputMessage.initial(paramMap, requestId, sign, dateTimestamp);
return bodyInserter.insert(outputMessage, new BodyInserterContext()).then(Mono.defer(() ->
ServerHttpRequestDecorator decorator = new ServerHttpRequestDecorator(exchange.getRequest())
@Override
public Flux<DataBuffer> getBody()
Flux<DataBuffer> body = outputMessage.getBody();
if (body.equals(Flux.empty()))
//验证签名
checkSign(outputMessage.getSign(), outputMessage.getDateTimestamp(), outputMessage.getRequestId(), outputMessage.getParamMap());
return outputMessage.getBody();
;
return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().request(decorator).build());
));
public void checkSign(String sign, Long dateTimestamp, String requestId, Map<String, Object> paramMap)
String str = JSON.toJSONString(paramMap) + requestId + dateTimestamp;
String tempSign = Md5Utils.getMD5(str.getBytes());
if (!tempSign.equals(sign))
throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_MESSAGE);
/**
* 修改前端传的参数
*/
private Map<String, Object> updateRequestParam(ServerWebExchange exchange) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException
ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
URI uri = request.getURI();
String query = uri.getQuery();
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(query) && query.contains("param"))
String[] split = query.split("=");
String param = RSAUtils.decrypt(split[1], RSAConstant.PRIVATE_KEY);
Field targetQuery = uri.getClass().getDeclaredField("query");
targetQuery.setAccessible(true);
targetQuery.set(uri, param);
return getParamMap(param);
return new TreeMap<>();
private Map<String, Object> getParamMap(String param)
Map<String, Object> map = new TreeMap<>();
String[] split = param.split("&");
for (String str : split)
String[] params = str.split("=");
map.put(params[0], params[1]);
return map;
private String getSign(HttpHeaders headers)
List<String> list = headers.get("sign");
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(list))
throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_MESSAGE);
return list.get(0);
private Long getDateTimestamp(HttpHeaders httpHeaders)
List<String> list = httpHeaders.get("timestamp");
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(list))
throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_MESSAGE);
long timestamp = Long.parseLong(list.get(0));
long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
//有效时长为5分钟
if (currentTimeMillis - timestamp > 1000 * 60 * 5)
throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_MESSAGE);
return timestamp;
private String getRequestId(HttpHeaders headers)
List<String> list = headers.get("requestId");
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(list))
throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_MESSAGE);
String requestId = list.get(0);
//如果requestId存在redis中直接返回
String temp = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(requestId);
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(temp))
throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_MESSAGE);
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(requestId, requestId, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
return requestId;
@Override
public int getOrder()
return 80;
4.4 测试登录
发现验签成功
4.5 测试查询
验签成功
地址
https://gitee.com/zhurongsheng/springcloud-gateway-rsa
来源：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34125999
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