.NET6之MiniAPI(十九):NLog

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在本系例文章的第八篇中,我们聊过官方的日志实现,即《.NET6之MiniAPI(八):日志》。但官方的日志功能更多是提供了一个实现基础,对于要求一个灵活,强大,方便的日志体系,官方的还是有差距的,那么本篇就介绍一下NLog,这款强大,灵活,方便的日志库,在MiniAPI中的使用。

直入主题,首先引入NeGut包

NLog.Web.AspNetCore

添加代码实现很简单

using NLog;
using NLog.Web;


//启动日志
var logger = NLog.LogManager.Setup().LoadConfigurationFromAppSettings().GetCurrentClassLogger();
logger.Debug("init main");
try

    var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
    //配置日志
    builder.Logging.ClearProviders();
    builder.Logging.SetMinimumLevel(Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LogLevel.Trace);
    builder.Host.UseNLog();


    var app = builder.Build();
    //使用日志
    app.MapGet("/logtest", () =>
    
        app.Logger.LogTrace("LogTrace");
        app.Logger.LogDebug("LogDebug");
        app.Logger.LogWarning("LogWarning");
        app.Logger.LogInformation("LogInformation");
        app.Logger.LogError("LogError");
        app.Logger.LogCritical(new Exception("eLogCritical"), "LogCritical");
        return "logtest";
    );
    app.MapGet("/myvalue", MyService.GetMyValue);
    app.Run();

catch (Exception exception)

    //异常时处理日志
    logger.Fatal(exception, "Stopped program because of exception");

finally

    NLog.LogManager.Shutdown();



class MyService

    public static string GetMyValue(ILogger<MyService> logger)
    
        logger.LogInformation("TestService.GetMyValue");
        return "MyValue";
    

NLog的真正方便,在配置的丰富,通过配置灵活地实现不日志方式,不同信息项目的采集。NLog的配置以nlog.config文件名保存在项目根目录下,当然也可以通过修改启动日志的LoadConfigurationFramAppSettings来配置nlog.config路径。

配置主要通过targets节点和rules节点协助实现配置,targets主要是配置保存或显示日志的方式,是txt文件,还json文件,以及layout中日志的内容,具体target的属性,有很多,参见https://github.com/NLog/NLog/wiki/File-target。另外一个就是layout中,也就是将来的日志信息有那些元素,可参见https://nlog-project.org/config/?tab=layout-renderers。

rules主要是配置不同的功能模块,日志级别等信息,参见https://github.com/nlog/nlog/wiki/Configuration-file#rules。

下面的案例配置,实现了官方模板自带的allfile和ownFile-web两个txt格式的模板,和一个jsonfile的模板,同时还有一个彩色控制台模板(各个模板的属性,官方文档比较详细,这里就不展开了)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      autoReload="true"
      internalLogLevel="Info">


  <!-- enable asp.net core layout renderers -->
  <extensions>
    <add assembly="NLog.Web.AspNetCore"/>
  </extensions>


  <!-- the targets to write to -->
  <targets>
    <!-- File Target for all log messages with basic details -->
    <target xsi:type="File" name="allfile" fileName="$basedir\\logs\\nlog-AspNetCore-all-$shortdate.log"
        layout="$longdate|$event-properties:item=EventId_Id:whenEmpty=0|$level:uppercase=true|$logger|$message $exception:format=tostring" />


    <!-- File Target for own log messages with extra web details using some ASP.NET core renderers -->
    <target xsi:type="File" name="ownFile-web" fileName="$basedir\\logs\\nlog-AspNetCore-own-$shortdate.log"
        layout="$longdate|$event-properties:item=EventId_Id:whenEmpty=0|$level:uppercase=true|$logger|$message $exception:format=tostring|url: $aspnet-request-url|action: $aspnet-mvc-action|$callsite" />
    <!--json格式-->
    <target name="jsonfile" xsi:type="File" fileName="$basedir\\logs\\$shortdate.json">
      <layout xsi:type="JsonLayout" includeAllProperties="true">
        <attribute name="time" layout="$date:format=O" />
        <attribute name="message" layout="$message" />
        <attribute name="logger" layout="$logger"/>
        <attribute name="level" layout="$level"/>
        <attribute name='exception' layout='$exception' />
        <attribute name='request' encode='false'  >
          <layout type='JsonLayout'>
            <attribute name="aspnet-request-ip" layout="$aspnet-request-ip"/>
            <attribute name="aspnet-Request-Url" layout="$aspnet-Request-Url"/>
            <attribute name="aspnet-Request-Host" layout="$aspnet-Request-Host"/>
            <attribute name="aspnet-Request-Method" layout="$aspnet-Request-Method"/>
          </layout>
        </attribute>
      </layout>
    </target>


    <!--Console Target for hosting lifetime messages to improve Docker / Visual Studio startup detection -->
    <target xsi:type="ColoredConsole" name="lifetimeConsole" layout="$MicrosoftConsoleLayout" >
      <highlight-row condition="level == LogLevel.Error" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="NoChange"/>
      <highlight-row condition="level == LogLevel.Fatal" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="NoChange"/>
      <highlight-row condition="level == LogLevel.Warn" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="NoChange"/>
      
      <highlight-word text="info" condition="level == LogLevel.Info" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="Green" ignoreCase="true" regex="info" wholeWords="true" compileRegex="true"/>
      <highlight-word text="warn" condition="level == LogLevel.Warn" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="Yellow" ignoreCase="true" regex="warn" wholeWords="true" compileRegex="true"/>
      <highlight-word text="fail" condition="level == LogLevel.Error" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="Red" ignoreCase="true" regex="fail" wholeWords="true" compileRegex="true"/>
      <highlight-word text="crit" condition="level == LogLevel.Fatal" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="DarkRed" ignoreCase="true" regex="crit" wholeWords="true" compileRegex="true"/>
    </target>
  </targets>


  <!-- rules to map from logger name to target -->
  <rules>
    <!--All logs, including from Microsoft-->
    <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="allfile" />
    <!--Output hosting lifetime messages to console target for faster startup detection -->
    <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="lifetimeConsole" />
    <!--Skip non-critical Microsoft logs and so log only own logs (BlackHole) -->
    <logger name="Microsoft.*" maxlevel="Info" final="true" />
    <logger name="System.Net.Http.*" maxlevel="Info" final="true" />
    <!--json格式-->
    <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="jsonfile" />
    <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="ownFile-web" />
  </rules>
</nlog>

这里的appsettings.jsons配置如下


  "Logging": 
    "LogLevel": 
      "Default": "Trace",
      "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Trace"
    
  ,
  "AllowedHosts": "*"

根据配置,看看具体的实现效果:

控制台结果

2022-02-20.json结果

nlog-AspNetCore-own-2022-02-20.log结果

nlog-AspNetCore-all-2022-02-20.log结果

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