(LNMP) Nginx_PHP_MariaDB
Posted 枫若雪
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L用的是Centos7.5以上，主要是NMP三组件的安装记录。
通常会先安装一下依赖：
yum install -y pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
使用yum或rpm方式安装MariaDB
# 保留缓存软件包
#sudo vim /etc/yum.conf cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever keepcache=1
# 防火墙先关为敬
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
#------------------最简单的 yum 安装,默认版本5.5.64 -------------------------
yum install mariadb mariadb-server
systemctl start mariadb
netstat -nltp # 找3306
# vim /etc/my.cnf --[mysqld]下增加一行:
innodb_file_per_table=1
systemctl restart mariadb
mysql
use mysql;
grant all PRIVILEGES on *.* to ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456‘ with grant option;
grant all PRIVILEGES on *.* to ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456‘ with grant option;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
# ------------离线下载安装 rpm 的 5.5.64 版本--------------------------------- # https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb//mariadb-5.5.65/yum/centos74-amd64/rpms/ # https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/installing-mariadb-with-the-rpm-tool/
# 可能要下载以下rpm包 MariaDB-client-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm MariaDB-client-debuginfo-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm MariaDB-server-debuginfo-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm MariaDB-devel-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm MariaDB-server-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm MariaDB-shared-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm MariaDB-test-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm MariaDB-common-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm MariaDB-compat-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm libzstd-1.3.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm galera-25.3.26-1.rhel7.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm jemalloc-3.6.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm jemalloc-devel-3.6.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm -Uvh --force --nodeps *.rpm #./bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘123456‘ #./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h evxapp01 password ‘123456‘ #Alternatively you can run: #./bin/mysql_secure_installation ./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &
# 后续设置同上.
# ------------- 使用官方推荐的 yum 方式安装 10.4.8 -----------------------------
# https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/yum/
# 先得到仓库
curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash
# 成功后, 编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo 更改一下 url 国内源. 比如清华,其它不改。如果网速够快，可以不改。
[mariadb-main] name = MariaDB Server baseurl = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/mariadb-10.4.8/yum/rhel/$releasever/$basearch gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/MariaDB-Server-GPG-KEY gpgcheck = 1 enabled = 1 [mariadb-maxscale] # To use the latest stable release of MaxScale, use "latest" as the version # To use the latest beta (or stable if no current beta) release of MaxScale, use "beta" as the version name = MariaDB MaxScale baseurl = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/MaxScale/2.4/centos/$releasever/$basearch gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/MariaDB-MaxScale-GPG-KEY gpgcheck = 1 enabled = 1 [mariadb-tools] name = MariaDB Tools baseurl = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/Tools/rhel/$releasever/$basearch gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/MariaDB-Enterprise-GPG-KEY gpgcheck = 1 enabled = 1
# 然后就可以直接 yum 安装 10.4.8 了。因为上面的文件里写的是 10.4.8 版本
yum install MariaDB-server galera-4 MariaDB-client MariaDB-shared MariaDB-backup MariaDB-common
# 配置文件同上.
# 启动 状态 停止 重启 开机启动
systemctl start mariadb
systemctl status mariadb
systemctl stop mariadb
systemctl restart mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb
二进制程序包 tar 安装 MariaDB 供参考：
(1) 准备用户 groupadd -r -g 306 mysql useradd -r -g 306 -u 306 -m -d /data/mysqldb mysql (2) 准备数据目录 以/data/mysqldb为例，建议使用逻辑卷 chown mysql:mysql /data/mysqldb chmod 700 /data/mysqldb (3) 准备二进制程序 tar xf mariadb-10.2.15-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local #/usr/local是程序包指定的目录，必须解压在这里 cd /usr/local;ln -sv mariadb-10.2.15 mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ (4) 准备配置文件 mkdir /etc/mysql/ cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf #/usr/local/mysql/support-files下有很多my-*.cnf文件，分别对应不同的内存大小，可打开看看，选择对应自己机器的拷贝就行 vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf [mysqld]中添加三个选项： datadir = /data/mysqldb innodb_file_per_table = on # 可不加 skip_name_resolve = on # 禁止主机名解析，建议使用，不加也可 (5) 创建数据库文件 cd /usr/local/mysql/ ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysqldb --user=mysql (6) 准备日志文件 touch /var/log/mysqld.log chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mysqld.log (7) 准备服务脚本，并启动服务 cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld chkconfig --add mysqld service mysqld start (8) 安全初始化 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation (9) 添加环境变量 echo PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh mysql -uroot -p
-- use mysql;
-- grant all PRIVILEGES on *.* to ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456‘ with grant option;
-- grant all PRIVILEGES on *.* to ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456‘ with grant option;
-- FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
解决ibdata1体积太大问题
# 备份全部库 mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --all-databases --add-drop-table > /opt/all.sql # vim /etc/my.cnf --[mysqld]下增加一行: innodb_file_per_table=1 # 重启服务 systemctl restart mariadb mysql -uroot -p123456 show variables like ‘%per_table%‘; -- 得到 ON 即开启成功 # 删除 ibdata1 cd /var/lib/mysql rm -rf ib_logfile* rm -rf ibdata1 # 重启服务 systemctl restart mariadb # 导入数据 mysql -uroot -p123456 < /opt/all.sql
安装与配置nginx1.17.4
systemctl status firewalld.service systemctl stop firewalld.service systemctl disable firewalld.service systemctl status firewalld.service tar zxf nginx-1.17.4.tar.gz cd nginx-1.17.4/ ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-openssl=/usr/bin/openssl make & make install vim /etc/profile PATH=/opt/nginx/sbin:$PATH export PATH . /etc/profile useradd nginx passwd nginx cd /opt/ chown -R nginx:nginx nginx/ ln -s /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx cd /
# 修改conf/nginx.conf 文件,并启用php
user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log logs/error.log info; pid logs/nginx.pid; events { use epoll; worker_connections 16384; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘ ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘ ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" "$request_time"‘; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; server { listen 80; server_name _; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm index.php; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location ~ .php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } }
su nginx sudo nginx -t
# 启用PHP解析后，如果浏览器出现 File not found . 需要检查nginx.conf配置文件
# 可能需要将 $document_root 改成绝对路径。例如下面的配置就改成了/webapp/www
location ~* .php$ {
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /webapp/www$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
}
安装与配置PHP7.2.22
cd /opt tar zxf php-7.2.22.tar.gz cd php-7.2.22
安装依赖
yum install -y autoconf gcc gcc-c++ libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel
bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel
freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel
libxslt libxslt-devel
因为要安装 MediaWiki, 所以再安装依赖 APCu, icu, intl
# 下载 https://pecl.php.net/package/APCu
# 下载 https://github.com/unicode-org/icu 或者git
# icu需要在php编译之前安装，成功后就可以在编译PHP时直接使用。
tar xf icu4c-52_1-src.tgz cd icu/source mkdir /usr/local/icu ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/icu make && make install # PHP编译时 --enable-intl --with-icu-dir=/usr/local/icu
# 直接带上intl扩展。
# apcu 需要在php安装之后安装。安装完后需要重启 php-fpm
tar zxf apcu-5.1.17.tgz
cd apcu-5.1.17
phpize # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
# /etc/php.ini中添加引用：
extension=apcu.so
apc.enabled=on
apc.shm_size=128M
apc.enable_cli=on
/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
# 如果时编译时没有intl,事后安装，则如下执行：
cd /opt/php-7.2.22/ext/intl
make clean
phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-intl --with-icu-dir=/usr/local/icu
make && make install
预编译: 注意红色的2项，需要在系统中添加对应的组和用户，用于启动php-fpm。 参数 with-config-file-path=/etc 则指定php.ini的位置
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=nginx --with-fpm-group=nginx --enable-inline-optimization --disable-debug --disable-rpath --enable-shared --enable-soap --with-libxml-dir --with-xmlrpc --with-openssl --with-mhash --with-pcre-regex --with-sqlite3 --with-zlib --enable-bcmath --with-iconv --with-bz2 --enable-calendar --with-curl
--with-cdb --enable-dom
--enable-exif --enable-fileinfo --enable-filter --with-pcre-dir --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-openssl-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-freetype-dir --enable-gd-jis-conv --with-gettext --with-gmp --with-mhash --enable-json --enable-mbstring --enable-mbregex --enable-mbregex-backtrack --with-libmbfl --with-onig --enable-pdo --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-zlib-dir --with-pdo-sqlite --with-readline --enable-session --enable-shmop --enable-simplexml --enable-sockets --enable-sysvmsg --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-wddx --with-libxml-dir --with-xsl --enable-zip --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support --with-pear --enable-opcache
--enable-intl
--with-icu-dir=/usr/local/icu
编译如果出错：
configure: error: off_t undefined; check your library configuration
解决：加入icu/lib路径
echo ‘/usr/local/lib64 /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib64 /usr/local/icu/lib‘ >> /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig -v
安装:
make && make install
添加用户和组，如果事先没有此用户的话：
groupadd nginx
useradd -g nginx
配置并启动 php-fpm
vi /etc/profile PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php/bin export PATH source /etc/profile cd /opt/php7.2.22 cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
/etc/init.d/php-fpm stop
如果需要 opcache, 操作如下：
yum install -y php-pecl-zendopcache
# 修改配置文件 php.ini zend_extension=opcache.so [opcache] opcache.enable=1 # 然后重启php-fpm 和 nginx
/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
nginx -s reload
# 最后用 phpinfo() 检查
一个个安装嫌烦的话, 开发环境也可以使用xampp包
./xampp-linux-x64-7.2.22-0-installer.run cd /opt/lampp ./lampp security
# 依次设置安全选项.但是最后要手动启用mysql的远程连接 #在/opt/lampp/etc/my.cnf 中注释掉: #skip-networking
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