92.Nginx配置：防盗链访问控制解析PHP以及代理

Posted 2020-10-27

一、nginx防盗链

防盗链是指一个网站的资源(图片或附件)未经允许在其它网站提供浏览和下载，尤其热门资源的盗链，对网站带宽的消耗非常大，设置防盗链以节省资源。

1、修改虚拟主机配置文件

[[email protected] vhost]# vim linuxtest.conf

server
{
   listen 80;
   server_name linuxtest.com;
   index index.html index.htm index.php;
   root /data/wwwroot/linuxtest;

   location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$
   {
    expires 7d;
    valid_referers none blocked server_names  *.linuxtest.com ;#   定义referer白名单   
    if ($invalid_referer) {
        return 403;#    if函数的意思是：如果不是白名单内的域名，返回值：403
    }
#   location /#     { #       auth_basic         "Auth";#       auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;#     }
   access_log /tmp/linuxtest.log combined_realip;
}#使用access_log指定日志存储路径和使用的日志格式名字

2、测试

[[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -tnginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is oknginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[[email protected] vhost]# echo "这是防盗链jpg测试！" > /data/wwwroot/linuxtest/test.jpg
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 linuxtest.com/test.jpg -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OKServer: nginx/1.12.2Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 14:33:07 GMTContent-Type: image/jpegContent-Length: 28Last-Modified: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 14:32:45 GMTConnection: keep-aliveETag: "5aaa840d-1c"Expires: Thu, 22 Mar 2018 14:33:07 GMTCache-Control: max-age=604800Accept-Ranges: bytes

[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -e "http://www.com" linuxtest.com/test.jpg -I     //-e选项自定义referer
HTTP/1.1 403 ForbiddenServer: nginx/1.12.2Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 14:33:28 GMTContent-Type: text/htmlContent-Length: 169Connection: keep-alive

二、访问控制

访问控制即限制指定的IP才能访问指定的目录

1、修改虚拟主机配置文件

[[email protected] vhost]# vim linuxtest.conf //添加如下内容

location /admin/
{
allow 192.168.242.128;
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;# 设置IP白名单
}

2、测试

[[email protected] vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/linuxtest/admin
[[email protected] vhost]# echo “test,test”>/data/wwwroot/linuxtest/admin/1.html
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 linuxtest.com/admin/1.html
“test,test”
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x192.168.242.128:80 linuxtest.com/admin/1.html
“test,test”

3、访问控制-正则

location ~ .(abc|image)/..php$
{
deny all;
}

4、访问控制-代理

if ($http_user_agent ~ ‘Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato‘)
{
return 403;
}

三、Nginx解析PHP

修改虚拟主机配置文件
[[email protected] vhost]# vim linuxtest.conf

location ~ .php$
{
include fastcgi_params;
//fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;# fastcgi_pass两种监听格式，但是要保证Nginx和php-fpm中格式一致
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;
}

四、Nginx代理

Nginx代理是一种反向代理。反向代理（Reverse Proxy）方式是指以代理服务器来接受Internet上的连接请求，然后将请求转发给内部网络上的服务器；并将从服务器上得到的结果返回给Internet上请求连接的客户端，此时代理服务器对外就表现为一个服务器。
graph LR
用户–>代理服务器
代理服务器–>用户
代理服务器–>web服务器
web服务器–>代理服务器

1、更改配置文件

[[email protected] vhost]# vim proxy.conf

server
{
listen 80;
server_name ask.apelearn.com;# 定义域名（一般和被代理ip的域名保持一致）
location /
{
proxy_pass http://47.91.145.78/;# 指定被代理（被访问）的IP（web服务器IP）
proxy_set_header Host $host;# $host指的是代理服务器的servername（也是被代理IP的域名）
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}

2、测试

[[email protected] vhost]# vim proxy.conf
[[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 ask.apelearn.com -I //同通过代理
HTTP/1.1 200 OKServer: nginx/1.12.2Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 15:44:25 GMTContent-Type: text/htmlConnection: keep-aliveVary: Accept-EncodingX-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.29P3P: CP="CURa ADMa DEVa PSAo PSDo OUR BUS UNI PUR INT DEM STA PRE COM NAV OTC NOI DSP COR"Set-Cookie: ape__Session=k44g3eklsert1fgbjhl061l4f4; path=/; domain=.apelearn.comExpires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMTCache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0Pragma: no-cache

[[email protected] vhost]# curl ask.apelearn.com -I //直接连
HTTP/1.1 200 OKServer: nginx/1.8.0Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 15:46:06 GMTContent-Type: text/htmlConnection: keep-aliveVary: Accept-EncodingX-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.29P3P: CP="CURa ADMa DEVa PSAo PSDo OUR BUS UNI PUR INT DEM STA PRE COM NAV OTC NOI DSP COR"Set-Cookie: ape__Session=ium8s3hsrjh4ulf6qbrjpdcme2; path=/; domain=.apelearn.comExpires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMTCache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0Pragma: no-cache