Centos7 安装 MySQL8 数据库（亲测无坑！！！）

Posted 2023-02-27 JOSON.

文章目录

• • • 1、系统环境信息
    • • 1.1 查询系统版本
      • 1.2 清理已安装的包
      • 1.3 安装依赖包
    • 2、下载MySQL安装包
    • • 2.1 下载压缩包
      • 2.2 解压安装文件
      • 2.3 修改目录权限
      • 2.4 创建配置文件
      • • my.cnf
        • mysql_custom.server
    • 3、初始化及启动
    • • 3.1 初始化数据库
      • 3.2 添加系统服务
      • 3.3 添加全局变量
      • 3.4 启动服务
    • 4、数据库远程连接

1、系统环境信息

1.1 查询系统版本

cat /etc/redhat-release
cat /proc/version

当前安装环境的CentOS版本为7.9，系统是 Linux 3.10 内核的64为操作系统。

1.2 清理已安装的包

1、yum update # 升级 yum（非必要）
2、rpm -qa|grep mariadb # 查看是否有安装mariadb和mysql包
3、rpm -e --nodeps 包名 # 如果存在将其卸载，包含依赖一同删除
4、yum clean all # 清理缓存

1.3 安装依赖包

yum install -y libaio

2、下载MySQL安装包

2.1 下载压缩包

MySQL官网：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

1、Select Operating System 中选择 “Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Oracle Linux”
2、Select OS Version 中选择 “Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Oracle Linux 7(x86, 64-bit)”
3、拉到底部最后一个点击 Download ( mysql-8.0.25-el7-x86_64.tar )

官方下载：https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.25-el7-x86_64.tar
百度云盘：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1b6zfkCZYxPXjXrthabhCEw 提取码：mfj1

2.2 解压安装文件

解压到 /opt 目录下

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.25-el7-x86_64.tar -C /opt

解压完成后得到以下3个文件

文件名	注释
mysql-8.0.25-el7-x86_64.tar.gz	数据库安装及各类配置文件
mysql-router-8.0.25-el7-x86_64.tar.gz	前后端请求分析中间件
mysql-test-8.0.25-el7-x86_64.tar.gz	数据库测试的相关文件

继续解压 mysql-8.0.25-el7-x86_64.tar.gz 到 /opt/software/mysql 目录下

tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.25-el7-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/software/mysql

2.3 修改目录权限

mysql目录下创建 **tmp（临时文件）data（数据）、logs（日志）、config（配置）**文件夹

cd /opt/software/mysql
mkdir tmp data logs config

创建mysql用户和组，并修改文件权限

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/software/mysql
chmod -R 755 /opt/software/mysql

2.4 创建配置文件

/opt/software/mysql/config 目录下创建配置文件

my.cnf：数据库相关路径及配置信息

mysql_custom.server：根据 support-files 目录下的 mysql.server 修改，可自行复制一份到当前目录下进行修改。

主要用于MySQL服务启动加载相关操作，个人根据使用习惯做了部分修改。

my.cnf

[client]
port=3306
socket=/opt/software/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysqld]
# 端口
port=3306
# 安装目录
basedir=/opt/software/mysql/mysql-8.0.25-el7-x86_64
# 数据存放目录
datadir=/opt/software/mysql/data
# 错误日志
log-error=/opt/software/mysql/logs/error.log
# 为MySQL客户端和服务器之间的本地通讯指定一个套接字文件
socket=/opt/software/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
# 记录mysql运行的process id
pid-file=/opt/software/mysql/tmp/mysql.pid

# 排序缓冲大小
sort_buffer_size=8M
# 联合查询缓冲大小
join_buffer_size=8M
# 服务端字符集
character-set-server=utf8mb4
# 创建新表时默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=100
# 是否对sql语句大小写敏感，1表示不敏感
lower_case_table_names=1
# 只能用IP地址检查客户端的登录，不用主机名
skip_name_resolve=1
# 设置client连接mysql时的字符集,防止乱码
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
# 记录系统时区
log_timestamps=SYSTEM
# 限制LOAD DATA, SELECT …OUTFILE命令的路径
secure_file_priv='/tmp'

mysql_custom.server

注意：如果该文件在Windows系统下编写再上传到服务器上，需要 set ff=unix 告诉编辑器，使用unix换行符。

#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 64 36
# description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.

# 指定配置文件
cnf=/opt/software/mysql/config/my.cnf


# 默认启动超时时间
service_startup_timeout=900
# 系统关闭服务过程中，会检查该目录下文件进行关闭
lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"

# 设定函数在当前脚本有效
lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"
if test -f $lsb_functions ; then
  . $lsb_functions
else
  log_success_msg()
  
    echo " SUCCESS! $@"
  
  log_failure_msg()
  
    echo " ERROR! $@"
  
fi

# 读取配置文件方法
read_cnf() 
    CNFFILE=$1; SECTION=$2; ITEM=$3
    data=`awk -F '=' '/\\['$SECTION'\\]/a=1a==1&&$1~/'$ITEM'/print $2;exit' $CNFFILE`
    echo $data


# 读取配置文件信息
basedir=( $( read_cnf $cnf mysqld basedir ) )
datadir=( $( read_cnf $cnf mysqld datadir ) )
sock=( $( read_cnf $cnf mysqld socket ) )
mysqld_pid_file_path=( $( read_cnf $cnf mysqld pid-file ) )

bindir="$basedir/bin"
print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"

# 启动模式(start or stop)
mode=$1

# 输出信息格式
case `echo "testing\\c"`,`echo -n testing` in
    *c*,-n*) echo_n=   echo_c=     ;;
    *c*,*)   echo_n=-n echo_c=     ;;
    *)       echo_n=   echo_c='\\c' ;;
esac

# pid文件操作(创建 或 删除)
wait_for_pid () 
  verb="$1"           # created | removed
  pid="$2"            # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file
  pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file.

  i=0
  avoid_race_condition="by checking again"

  while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do

    case "$verb" in
      'created')
        # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence.
        test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
        ;;
      'removed')
        # wait for this PID-file to disappear
        test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
        ;;
      *)
        echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path"
        exit 1
        ;;
    esac

    # if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated
    if test -n "$pid"; then
      if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
        :  # the server still runs
      else
        # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now.
        if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then
          avoid_race_condition=""
          continue  # Check again.
        fi

        # there's nothing that will affect the file.
        log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."
        return 1  # not waiting any more.
      fi
    fi

    echo $echo_n ".$echo_c"
    i=`expr $i + 1`
    sleep 1

  done

  if test -z "$i" ; then
    log_success_msg
    return 0
  else
    log_failure_msg
    return 1
  fi



# 服务操作执行(启动、停止、重启、重载、状态)
case "$mode" in
  'start')
    # Start daemon
    # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
    cd $basedir

    echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"
    if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
    then
      # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
      # may be overwritten at next upgrade.
      $bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$cnf" --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" >/dev/null &
      wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
      # 创建sock软连接，暂时不清楚什么原因不能指定路径读取
      ln -sf "$sock" "/tmp/mysql.sock"
      # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE
      if test -w "$lockdir"
      then
        touch "$lock_file_path"
      fi
      exit $return_value
    else
      log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)"
    fi
    ;;

  'stop')
    # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the
    # root password.

    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
    then
      # signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stop
      touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown"

      mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`

      if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
      then
        echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL"
        kill $mysqld_pid
        # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.
        wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"
        rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      fi

      # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE
      if test -f "$lock_file_path"
      then
        rm -f "$lock_file_path"
      fi
      exit $return_value
    else
      log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!"
    fi
    ;;

  'restart')
    # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was
    # running or not, start it again.
    if $0 stop ; then
      $0 start
    else
      log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."
      exit 1
    fi
    ;;

  'reload'|'force-reload')
    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
      read mysqld_pid <  "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL"
      touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
    else
      log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!"
      exit 1
    fi
    ;;

  'status')
    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
      read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then
        log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)"
        exit 0
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists"
        exit 1
      fi
    else
      # pid文件不存在，尝试检查其他目录，或者用：ps -ef | grep mysql 查看
      mysqld_pid=`pidof $basedir/libexec/mysqld`

      # test if multiple pids exist
      pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w`
      if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then
        log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)"
        exit 5
      elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then
        if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then
          log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"
          exit 2
        fi
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running"
        exit 3
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found"
        exit 4
      fi
    fi
    ;;
    *)
      # usage
      basename=`basename "$0"`
      echo "Usage: $basename  start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status  [ MySQL server options ]"
      exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0

3、初始化及启动

3.1 初始化数据库

cd /opt/software/mysql/mysql-8.0.25-el7-x86_64/bin

# 初始化，完成后会在logs/error.log日志文件里生成数据库初始密码
./mysqld --defaults-file=/opt/software/mysql/config/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/software/mysql/mysql-8.0.25-el7-x86_64 --datadir=/opt/software/mysql/data --lower-case-table-names=1

3.2 添加系统服务

# 添加到系统服务自动启动（如果提示是否覆盖，输入 y 确认）
cp -a /opt/software/mysql/config/mysql_custom.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# 授权及添加服务
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
# 检查服务是否生效（如果3、4、5 项为 on 则表示已经生效）
chkconfig --list

3.3 添加全局变量

vi /etc/profile

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/software/mysql/mysql-8.0.25-el7-x86_64/bin

# 退出保存，使环境变量生效
source /etc/profile

3.4 启动服务

# 常用操作
service mysqld start
service mysqld stop
service mysqld restart
service mysqld status
# 查看MySQL服务信息
ps -ef | grep mysql

4、数据库远程连接

初始密码会在数据库初始化后自动写入日志文件

# 查看日志文件
cat /opt/software/mysql/logs/error.log
# 登录mysql
mysql -uroot -p

登录后执行sql语句

# 修改密码
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456';
# 立即生效
flush privileges;
# 设置远程连接
use mysql;
update user set host='%' where user='root';
flush privileges;

注：设置后远程还是无法访问，检查服务器安全组是否打开了端口