Elasticsearch-PHP 索引操作
Posted Hail Hydra
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索引操作
本节通过客户端来介绍一下索引API的各种操作。索引操作包含任何管理索引本身(例如,创建索引,删除索引,更改映射等等)。
我们通过一些常见的操作的代码片段来介绍,然后在表格中列出剩下的方法。REST API的参数是相同的,所以它应该很容易执行你所需要的操作。
创建一个索引
索引操作都包含在一个独特的命名空间中,和根对象上的方法区分开。举个例子,让我们创建一个索引:
- $client = new Elasticsearch\Client();
- $indexParams[‘index‘] = ‘my_index‘; //index
- $client->indices()->create($indexParams);
当然,你可以指定任何通常会被包含在一个新索引创建API的参数。所有参数通常会在请求体,位于请求体的关联数组:
- $client = new Elasticsearch\Client();
- $indexParams[‘index‘] = ‘my_index‘;
- // Index Settings
- $indexParams[‘body‘][‘settings‘][‘number_of_shards‘] = 3;
- $indexParams[‘body‘][‘settings‘][‘number_of_replicas‘] = 2;
- // Example Index Mapping
- $myTypeMapping = array(
- ‘_source‘ => array(
- ‘enabled‘ => true
- ),
- ‘properties‘ => array(
- ‘first_name‘ => array(
- ‘type‘ => ‘string‘,
- ‘analyzer‘ => ‘standard‘
- ),
- ‘age‘ => array(
- ‘type‘ => ‘integer‘
- )
- )
- );
- $indexParams[‘body‘][‘mappings‘][‘my_type‘] = $myTypeMapping;
- // Create the index
- $client->indices()->create($indexParams);
创建一个索引(高级例子)
这是一个更加复杂的创建索引的例子,展示如何定义分析,分词器、过滤器和索引设置。虽然本质上和前面的例子相同,但更复杂的例子可以帮助“现实世界”的客户使用,因为这个特殊的语法很容易陷入困境。
为简便起见,给出的例子是使用php 5.4+版本短数组语法([]而不是array())
- $params = [
- ‘index‘ => ‘reuters‘,
- ‘body‘ => [
- ‘settings‘ => [ // 顶级设置包含关于索引(分片等)和分析器的配置
- ‘number_of_shards‘ => 1,
- ‘number_of_replicas‘ => 0,
- ‘analysis‘ => [ // 分析嵌套设置,包含分词器、过滤器、字符过滤器和分析器
- ‘filter‘ => [
- ‘shingle‘ => [
- ‘type‘ => ‘shingle‘
- ]
- ],
- ‘char_filter‘ => [
- ‘pre_negs‘ => [
- ‘type‘ => ‘pattern_replace‘,
- ‘pattern‘ => ‘(\\w+)\\s+((?i:never|no|nothing|nowhere|noone|none|not|havent|hasnt|hadnt|cant|couldnt|shouldnt|wont|wouldnt|dont|doesnt|didnt|isnt|arent|aint))\\b‘,
- ‘replacement‘ => ‘~$1 $2‘
- ],
- ‘post_negs‘ => [
- ‘type‘ => ‘pattern_replace‘,
- ‘pattern‘ => ‘\\b((?i:never|no|nothing|nowhere|noone|none|not|havent|hasnt|hadnt|cant|couldnt|shouldnt|wont|wouldnt|dont|doesnt|didnt|isnt|arent|aint))\\s+(\\w+)‘,
- ‘replacement‘ => ‘$1 ~$2‘
- ]
- ],
- ‘analyzer‘ => [
- ‘reuters‘ => [
- ‘type‘ => ‘custom‘,
- ‘tokenizer‘ => ‘standard‘,
- ‘filter‘ => [‘lowercase‘, ‘stop‘, ‘kstem‘]
- ]
- ]
- ]
- ],
- ‘mappings‘ => [ // 映射是另外一个嵌套在body中的顶级元素,包含各种类型的映射
- ‘_default_‘ => [ // 默认类型是动态模版,应用于任何没有明确配置的字段
- ‘properties‘ => [
- ‘title‘ => [
- ‘type‘ => ‘string‘,
- ‘analyzer‘ => ‘reuters‘,
- ‘term_vector‘ => ‘yes‘,
- ‘copy_to‘ => ‘combined‘
- ],
- ‘body‘ => [
- ‘type‘ => ‘string‘,
- ‘analyzer‘ => ‘reuters‘,
- ‘term_vector‘ => ‘yes‘,
- ‘copy_to‘ => ‘combined‘
- ],
- ‘combined‘ => [
- ‘type‘ => ‘string‘,
- ‘analyzer‘ => ‘reuters‘,
- ‘term_vector‘ => ‘yes‘
- ],
- ‘topics‘ => [
- ‘type‘ => ‘string‘,
- ‘index‘ => ‘not_analyzed‘
- ],
- ‘places‘ => [
- ‘type‘ => ‘string‘,
- ‘index‘ => ‘not_analyzed‘
- ]
- ]
- ],
- ‘my_type‘ => [ // my_type类型是一个用户自定义的类型,包含一个my_field字段
- ‘properties‘ => [
- ‘my_field‘ => [
- ‘type‘ => ‘string‘
- ]
- ]
- ]
- ]
- ]
- ];
- $client->indices()->create($params);
删除一个索引
删除索引是非常简单的:
- $deleteParams[‘index‘] = ‘my_index‘;
- $client->indices()->delete($deleteParams);
设置API配置
API设置允许你动态地修改任何索引配置:
- $params[‘index‘] = ‘my_index‘;
- $params[‘body‘][‘index‘][‘number_of_replicas‘] = 0;
- $params[‘body‘][‘index‘][‘refresh_interval‘] = -1;
- $ret = $client->indices()->putSettings($params);
获取API配置
获取APi配置可以现实当前的一个或多个索引的信息:
- // Get settings for one index
- $params[‘index‘] = ‘my_index‘;
- $ret = $client->indices()->getSettings($params);
- // Get settings for several indexes
- $params[‘index‘] = array(‘my_index‘, ‘my_index2‘);
- $ret = $client->indices()->getSettings($params);
设置API映射
设置API映射允许你修改或添加一个以存在的索引映射
- // Set the index and type
- $params[‘index‘] = ‘my_index‘;
- $params[‘type‘] = ‘my_type2‘;
- // Adding a new type to an existing index
- $myTypeMapping2 = array(
- ‘_source‘ => array(
- ‘enabled‘ => true
- ),
- ‘properties‘ => array(
- ‘first_name‘ => array(
- ‘type‘ => ‘string‘,
- ‘analyzer‘ => ‘standard‘
- ),
- ‘age‘ => array(
- ‘type‘ => ‘integer‘
- )
- )
- );
- $params[‘body‘][‘my_type2‘] = $myTypeMapping2;
- // Update the index mapping
- $client->indices()->putMapping($params);
获取API映射
获取API映射会返回关于索引和类型的详细信息。根据你希望检索的映射,你可以指定索引和类型的组合数目:
- // Get mappings for all indexes and types
- $ret = $client->indices()->getMapping();
- // Get mappings for all types in ‘my_index‘
- $params[‘index‘] = ‘my_index‘;
- $ret = $client->indices()->getMapping($params);
- // Get mappings for all types of ‘my_type‘, regardless of index
- $params[‘type‘] = ‘my_type‘;
- $ret = $client->indices()->getMapping($params);
- // Get mapping ‘my_type‘ in ‘my_index‘
- $params[‘index‘] = ‘my_index‘;
- $params[‘type‘] = ‘my_type‘
- $ret = $client->indices()->getMapping($params);
- // Get mappings for two indexes
- $params[‘index‘] = array(‘my_index‘, ‘my_index2‘);
- $ret = $client->indices()->getMapping($params);
在索引命名空间中的其他API
在索引命名空间中还有其他一定数量的API允许你管理elasticsearch 的索引(添加删除模版、刷新段、关闭索引等)。
如果你使用IDE自动匹配时,你能够轻松的键入命名空间:
- $client->indices()->
仔细阅读列表中可用的方法。查看 \Elasticsearch\Namespaces\Indices.php 文件,会显示一个完整的可用的方法列表(以及参数列表和注释)。
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