Linux运行级别

Posted 2021-02-09 LEO00

Linux运行级别

运行级别介绍

运行级别就是操作系统当前正在运行的功能级别，级别是从0到6。Centos7系统之前的版本是通过/etc/inittab文件来定义系统，而CentOS7用的是/lib/systemd/system/runlevel*

实际操作

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/inittab
# inittab is only used by upstart for the default runlevel.
#
# ADDING OTHER CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
#
# System initialization is started by /etc/init/rcS.conf
#
# Individual runlevels are started by /etc/init/rc.conf
#
# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /etc/init/control-alt-delete.conf
#
# Terminal gettys are handled by /etc/init/tty.conf and /etc/init/serial.conf,
# with configuration in /etc/sysconfig/init.
#
# For information on how to write upstart event handlers, or how
# upstart works, see init(5), init(8), and initctl(8).
#
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:
# 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)  # 运行级别0：系统停机状态，系统默认运行级别不能设为0，否则不能正常启动
# 1 - Single user mode  # 运行级别1：单用户工作状态，root权限，用于系统维护，禁止远程登陆
# 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking) #运行级别2：多用户状态(没有NFS)
# 3 - Full multiuser mode  #运行级别3：完全的多用户状态(有NFS)，登陆后进入控制台命令行模式
# 4 - unused  #运行级别4：系统未使用，保留
# 5 - X11 #运行级别5：X11控制台，登陆后进入图形GUI模式
# 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this) #运行级别6：系统正常关闭并重启，默认运行级别不能设为6，否则不能正常启动
#

id:3:initdefault:    # 表示运行级别3，是默认的

CentOS 7 版本不再/etc/inittab使用该文件定义系统运行级别,相关运行级别设置无效；新版本的运行级别都定义在/lib/systemd/system/runlevel*

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

[[email protected] ~]# ll /lib/systemd/system/runlevel*
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Dec 3 2017 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel0.target -> poweroff.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Dec 3 2017 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel1.target -> rescue.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Dec 3 2017 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel2.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Dec 3 2017 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel3.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Dec 3 2017 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel4.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Dec 3 2017 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target -> graphical.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Dec 3 2017 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel6.target -> reboot.target

7版本和之前版本对应

init级别	systemctl target
0	shutdown.target
1	emergency.target
2	rescure.target
3	multi-user.target
4	无
5	graphical.target
6	无

设置运行级别

命令格式：
systemctl [command] [unit.target]
参数详解：
- get-default:获取当前的target
- set-default:设置指定的target为默认的运行级别
- isolate:切换到指定的运行级别

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl get-default #获取当前运行级别
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target #设置默认运行级别为multi-user
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl isolate multi-user.target #在不重启情况下，切换到multi-user
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl isolate graphical.target #在不重启的情况下，切换到图形界面