tornado web高级开发项目

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本博文将一步步带领你实现抽屉官网的各种功能：包括登陆、注册、发送邮箱验证码、登陆验证码、页面登陆验证、发布文章、上传图片、form验证、点赞、评论、文章分页处理以及基于tornado的后端和ajax的前端数据处理。

转载请注明出处http://www.cnblogs.com/wanghzh/p/5806514.html

抽屉官网：http://dig.chouti.com/

一、配置（settings）

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settings = {
    \'template_path\': \'views\',    #模板文件路径
    \'static_path\': \'statics\',        #静态文件路径
    \'static_url_prefix\': \'/statics/\',  #静态文件前缀
    \'autoreload\': True,
    \'ui_methods\': mt
}

二、路由配置

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application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/index", home.IndexHandler),    #主页
    (r"/check_code", account.CheckCodeHandler),  #验证码
    (r"/send_msg", account.SendMsgHandler),  #邮箱验证码
    (r"/register", account.RegisterHandler),  #注册
    (r"/login", account.LoginHandler),    #登陆
    (r"/upload_image", home.UploadImageHandler),  #上传图片
    (r"/comment", home.CommentHandler),  #评论
    (r"/favor", home.FavorHandler),   #点赞
], **settings)

三、文件夹分类

下面我们将根据上图文件目录由上到下做一一分析：

四、准备工作

　　本项目所有前端反馈均是通过BaseResponse类实现的：

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class BaseResponse:
 
    def __init__(self):
        self.status = False    #状态信息，是否注册成功，是否登陆成功，是否点赞成功、是否评论成功等
        self.code = StatusCodeEnum.Success
        self.data = None        #前端需要展示的数据
        self.summary = None    #错误信息
        self.message = {}    #字典类型的错误信息

本文参考了大量前端和后端基础知识，从入门到精通的链接如下：

前端：

后端：

数据库：

缓存：

五、core：业务处理类handler需要继承的父类

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import tornado.web
from backend.session.session import SessionFactory
 
 
class BaseRequestHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
 
    def initialize(self):
 
        self.session = SessionFactory.get_session_obj(self)

六、form：用于form验证的文件，这是一个自定义的tornado form验证模块

　　fields：包含字符串、邮箱、数字、checkbox、文件类型验证

　　forms：核心验证处理，返回验证是否成功self._valid_status、成功后的数据提self._value_dict、错误信息self._error_dict

class Field:

    def __init__(self):

        self.is_valid = False
        self.name = None
        self.value = None
        self.error = None

    def match(self, name, value):
        self.name = name

        if not self.required:
            self.is_valid = True
            self.value = value
        else:
            if not value:
                if self.custom_error_dict.get(\'required\', None):
                    self.error = self.custom_error_dict[\'required\']
                else:
                    self.error = "%s is required" % name
            else:
                ret = re.match(self.REGULAR, value)
                if ret:
                    self.is_valid = True
                    self.value = value
                else:
                    if self.custom_error_dict.get(\'valid\', None):
                        self.error = self.custom_error_dict[\'valid\']
                    else:
                        self.error = "%s is invalid" % name
初始化
class StringField(Field):

    REGULAR = "^.*$"

    def __init__(self, custom_error_dict=None, required=True):

        self.custom_error_dict = {}  # {\'required\': \'IP不能为空\', \'valid\': \'IP格式错误\'}
        if custom_error_dict:
            self.custom_error_dict.update(custom_error_dict)

        self.required = required

        super(StringField, self).__init__()
字符串匹配
class IPField(Field):

    REGULAR = "^(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\\d|[0-1]?\\d?\\d)(\\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\\d|[0-1]?\\d?\\d)){3}$"

    def __init__(self, custom_error_dict=None, required=True):

        self.custom_error_dict = {}  # {\'required\': \'IP不能为空\', \'valid\': \'IP格式错误\'}
        if custom_error_dict:
            self.custom_error_dict.update(custom_error_dict)

        self.required = required
        super(IPField, self).__init__()
ip匹配
class EmailField(Field):

    REGULAR = "^\\w+([-+.\']\\w+)*@\\w+([-.]\\w+)*\\.\\w+([-.]\\w+)*$"

    def __init__(self, custom_error_dict=None, required=True):

        self.custom_error_dict = {}  # {\'required\': \'IP不能为空\', \'valid\': \'IP格式错误\'}
        if custom_error_dict:
            self.custom_error_dict.update(custom_error_dict)

        self.required = required
        super(EmailField, self).__init__()
邮箱匹配
class IntegerField(Field):

    REGULAR = "^\\d+$"

    def __init__(self, custom_error_dict=None, required=True):

        self.custom_error_dict = {}  # {\'required\': \'IP不能为空\', \'valid\': \'IP格式错误\'}
        if custom_error_dict:
            self.custom_error_dict.update(custom_error_dict)

        self.required = required
        super(IntegerField, self).__init__()
数字匹配
class CheckBoxField(Field):

    REGULAR = "^\\d+$"

    def __init__(self, custom_error_dict=None, required=True):

        self.custom_error_dict = {}  # {\'required\': \'IP不能为空\', \'valid\': \'IP格式错误\'}
        if custom_error_dict:
            self.custom_error_dict.update(custom_error_dict)

        self.required = required
        super(CheckBoxField, self).__init__()

    def match(self, name, value):
        self.name = name

        if not self.required:
            self.is_valid = True
            self.value = value
        else:
            if not value:
                if self.custom_error_dict.get(\'required\', None):
                    self.error = self.custom_error_dict[\'required\']
                else:
                    self.error = "%s is required" % name
            else:
                if isinstance(name, list):
                    self.is_valid = True
                    self.value = value
                else:
                    if self.custom_error_dict.get(\'valid\', None):
                        self.error = self.custom_error_dict[\'valid\']
                    else:
                        self.error = "%s is invalid" % name
checkbox匹配
class FileField(Field):

    REGULAR = "^(\\w+\\.pdf)|(\\w+\\.mp3)|(\\w+\\.py)$"

    def __init__(self, custom_error_dict=None, required=True):

        self.custom_error_dict = {}  # {\'required\': \'IP不能为空\', \'valid\': \'IP格式错误\'}
        if custom_error_dict:
            self.custom_error_dict.update(custom_error_dict)

        self.required = required

        super(FileField, self).__init__()

    def match(self, name, file_name_list):
        flag = True
        self.name = name

        if not self.required:
            self.is_valid = True
            self.value = file_name_list
        else:
            if not file_name_list:
                if self.custom_error_dict.get(\'required\', None):
                    self.error = self.custom_error_dict[\'required\']
                else:
                    self.error = "%s is required" % name
                flag = False
            else:
                for file_name in file_name_list:
                    if not file_name or not file_name.strip():
                        if self.custom_error_dict.get(\'required\', None):
                            self.error = self.custom_error_dict[\'required\']
                        else:
                            self.error = "%s is required" % name
                        flag = False
                        break
                    else:
                        ret = re.match(self.REGULAR, file_name)
                        if not ret:
                            if self.custom_error_dict.get(\'valid\', None):
                                self.error = self.custom_error_dict[\'valid\']
                            else:
                                self.error = "%s is invalid" % name
                            flag = False
                            break

            self.is_valid = flag

    def save(self, request, upload_to=""):

        file_metas = request.files[self.name]
        for meta in file_metas:
            file_name = meta[\'filename\']
            file_path_name = os.path.join(upload_to, file_name)
            with open(file_path_name, \'wb\') as up:
                up.write(meta[\'body\'])

        upload_file_path_list = map(lambda path: os.path.join(upload_to, path), self.value)
        self.value = list(upload_file_path_list)
文件匹配

核心验证处理：

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from backend.form import fields
 
 
class BaseForm:
 
    def __init__(self):
        self._value_dict = {} #数据字典
        self._error_dict = {} #错误信息字典
        self._valid_status = True #是否验证成功
 
    def valid(self, handler):
 
        for field_name, field_obj in self.__dict__.items():
            if field_name.startswith(\'_\'):  #过滤私有字段
                continue
 
            if type(field_obj) == fields.CheckBoxField:  #checkbox处理
                post_value = handler.get_arguments(field_name, None)
            elif type(field_obj) == fields.FileField:  #文件处理
                post_value = []
                file_list = handler.request.files.get(field_name, [])
                for file_item in file_list:
                    post_value.append(file_item[\'filename\'])
            else:
                post_value = handler.get_argument(field_name, None)
 
            field_obj.match(field_name, post_value)  #匹配
            if field_obj.is_valid:    　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#如果验证成功
                self._value_dict[field_name] = field_obj.value　　#提取数据
            else:
                self._error_dict[field_name] = field_obj.error  #错误信息
                self._valid_status = False
        return self._valid_status    #返回是否验证成功

七、如何应用上述form验证模块：

以注册为例：

前端：

<div class="header">
                <span>注册</span>
                <div class="dialog-close" onclick="CloseDialog(\'#accountDialog\');">X</div>
            </div>
            <div class="content">
                <div style="padding: 0 70px">
                    <div class="tips">
                        <span>输入注册信息</span>
                    </div>
                    <div id="register_error_summary" class="error-msg">

                    </div>
                    <div class="inp">
                        <input name="username" type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" />

                    </div>
                    <div class="inp">
                        <input name="email" id="email" type="text" placeholder="请输入邮箱" />
                    </div>
                    <div class="inp">
                        <input name="email_code" class="email-code" type="text" placeholder="请输入邮箱验证码" />
                        <a id="fetch_code" class="fetch-code" href="javascript:void(0);">获取验证码</a>
                    </div>
                    <div class="inp">
                        <input name="password" type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" />
                    </div>
                    <div class="inp">
                        <div class="submit" onclick="SubmitRegister(this);">
                            <span>注册</span>
                            <span class="hide">
                                <img src="/statics/images/loader.gif" style="height: 16px;width: 16px">
                                <span>正在注册</span>
                            </span>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
html
js：
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/*
        点击注册按钮
        */
        function SubmitRegister(ths){
            $(\'#register_error_summary\').empty();
            $(\'#model_register .inp .error\').remove();
 
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