Django web框架

Posted 2021-02-03 追风zz

web 框架本质  -  Web应用本质上就是一个socket服务端，而用户的浏览器就是一个socket客户端。

 HTTP协议

HTTP协议介绍

HTTP协议对收发消息的格式要求

每个HTTP请求和响应都遵循相同的格式，一个HTTP包含Header和Body两部分，其中Body是可选的。

HTTP响应的Header中有一个 Content-Type表明响应的内容格式。它的值如text/html; charset=utf-8。

text/html则表示是网页，charset=utf-8则表示编码为utf-8。

socket 服务端 基础版
-------------------------
import socket

sk = socket.socket()
sk.bind((‘127.0.0.1‘,8002))
sk.listen()

while True:
    conn,addr = sk.accept()
    data = conn.recv(8096)
    print(data)

    conn.send(b‘HTTP/1.1 200 ok
k1: v1

‘)
    conn.send(b‘<h1>ok!</h1>‘)
    conn.close()
----------------------------------
根据不同路径返回不同内容

while True:
    conn,addr = sk.accept()
    data = conn.recv(8096)
    data = data.decode()
    url = data.split()[1]
    conn.send(b‘HTTP/1.1 200 ok
k1: v1

‘)
    if url == ‘/sx‘:
        conn.send(b‘11‘)
    elif url == ‘/bj‘:
        conn.send(b‘22‘)
    else:
        conn.send(b‘not found!‘)
    conn.close()
-----------------------------------
--def 函数版---

import socket
sk = socket.socket()
sk.bind((‘127.0.0.1‘,8002))
sk.listen()
def sx(url):
    ret = ‘nihao   -  {}‘.format(url)
    return ret.encode()
def bj(url):
    ret = ‘huairen   -  {}‘.format(url)
    return ret.encode()
while True:
    conn,addr = sk.accept()
    data = conn.recv(8096)
    data = data.decode()
    url = data.split()[1]
    conn.send(b‘HTTP/1.1 200 ok
k1: v1

‘)
    if url == ‘/sx‘:
        ret = sx(url)
    elif url == ‘/bj‘:
        ret = bj(url)
    else:
        ret = b‘not found‘
    conn.send(ret)
    conn.close()
-----------------------------------
进阶列表版

import socket
sk = socket.socket()
sk.bind((‘127.0.0.1‘,8002))
sk.listen()
def sx(url):
    ret = ‘nihao   -  {}‘.format(url)
    return ret.encode()
def bj(url):
    ret = ‘huairen   -  {}‘.format(url)
    return ret.encode()
# 定义一个地址和函数的对应关系的列表
list1 = [(‘/sx‘,sx),(‘/bj‘,bj)]
while True:
    conn,addr = sk.accept()
    data = conn.recv(8096) # 接收数据
    data = data.decode()
    url = data.split()[1]  # 获取url
    conn.send(b‘HTTP/1.1 200 ok
k1: v1

‘)
    func = None
    for i in list1:
        if url == i[0]:
            func = i[1]
            break
    if func:
        ret = func(url)
    else:
        ret = b‘not found‘  
    conn.send(ret)
    conn.close()
----返回html网页------------------

def index(url):
    with open(‘index.html‘, ‘rb‘) as f:
        ret = f.read()
        return ret

list1 = [(‘/sx‘,sx),(‘/index‘,index)]
--------返回一个动态页面------------

def timer(url):
    now = time.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S‘,time.localtime())
    with open(‘time.html‘,‘r‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f:
        data = f.read()
        data = data.replace(‘@@[email protected]@‘,now)
        return data.encode(‘utf-8‘)
list1 = [(‘/sx‘,sx),(‘/index‘,index),(‘/timer‘,timer)]

"""
根据URL中不同的路径返回不同的内容--函数进阶版
返回HTML页面
让网页动态起来
wsgiref模块版
"""
--------------------------------------------------
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

def index(url):
    with open(‘index.html‘,‘r‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f:
        s = f.read()
        return bytes(s,encoding=‘utf-8‘)

def timer(url):
    import time
    with open(‘time.html‘,‘r‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f:
        s = f.read()
        s = s.replace(‘@@[email protected]@‘,time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
    return bytes(s,encoding=‘utf-8‘)

list1 = [(‘/index/‘,index),(‘/time/‘,timer)]

def run_server(environ,start_response):
    #设置http 响应的状态码和头信息
    start_response(‘200 OK‘,[(‘Content-Type‘, ‘text/html;charset=utf8‘),])
    url = environ[‘PATH_INFO‘] #取到用户输入的url
    func = None
    for i in list1:
        if i[0] == url:
            func = i[1]
            break
    if func:
        response = func(url)
    else:
        response = b‘404 not found!‘
    return [response,]
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    httpd = make_server(‘127.0.0.1‘,8888,run_server)
    print(‘我在8888等你呦...‘)
    httpd.serve_forever()

------------引用第三方 jinja2----------
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
from jinja2 import Template
def index(url):
    #读取html文件
    with open(‘index2.html‘,‘r‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f:
        data = f.read()
        temp = Template(data)  #生成模板文件
        ret = temp.render({‘name‘:‘alex‘,‘hobby_list‘: [‘抽烟‘, ‘喝酒‘, ‘烫头‘]})#把数据填充到模板中
        return bytes(ret,encoding=‘utf-8‘)

def home(url):
    with open(‘home.html‘,‘r‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f:
        s = f.read()
        return bytes(s,encoding=‘utf-8‘)
list1 = [(‘/index/‘,index),(‘/home/‘,home)]
def run_server(environ,start_response):
    #设置http 响应的状态码和头信息
    start_response(‘200 OK‘,[(‘Content-Type‘, ‘text/html;charset=utf8‘),])
    url = environ[‘PATH_INFO‘] #取到用户输入的url
    func = None
    for i in list1:
        if i[0] == url:
            func = i[1]
            break
    if func:
        response = func(url)
    else:
        response = b‘404 not found!‘
    return [response,]
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    httpd = make_server(‘127.0.0.1‘,8888,run_server)
    print(‘我在8888等你呦...‘)
    httpd.serve_forever()