DNS服务——服务端 和 客户端 配置
Posted kelamoyujuzhen
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前言
电脑经常会出现一些网络小毛病。有的时候，QQ能正常上网，但是网页却打不开。这种时候十有八九是DNS出问题了。
QQ在DNS不可用的时候，可以跳过DNS解析，直接访问对方IP
实验环境
rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd(ED2000.COM).iso最小化安装
常用公网DNS服务器
8.8.8.8
222.222.222.222
202.99.168.8
202.99.160.68
配置DNS服务器
设置本地yum源
安装bind
域名系统 (Domain Name System, DNS)一种因特网的通讯协议名称，提供这种服务的软件有很多，比如（Berkeley Internet Name Domain, BIND）。
[root@ziqiang ~]# yum list | grep bind PackageKit-device-rebind.x86_64 0.5.8-21.el6 vcd bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd bind-dyndb-ldap.x86_64 2.3-2.el6 vcd bind-libs.i686 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd rpcbind.x86_64 0.2.0-11.el6 vcd samba-winbind.x86_64 3.6.9-151.el6 vcd samba-winbind-clients.i686 3.6.9-151.el6 vcd samba-winbind-clients.x86_64 3.6.9-151.el6 vcd samba4-winbind.x86_64 4.0.0-55.el6.rc4 vcd samba4-winbind-clients.x86_64 4.0.0-55.el6.rc4 vcd samba4-winbind-krb5-locator.x86_64 4.0.0-55.el6.rc4 vcd ypbind.x86_64 3:1.20.4-30.el6 vcd [root@ziqiang ~]# yum -y install bind Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: bind-libs = 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: liblwres.so.80()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libisccfg.so.82()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libisccc.so.80()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libisc.so.83()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libdns.so.81()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libbind9.so.80()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================================== Installing: bind x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd 4.0 M Installing for dependencies: bind-libs x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 vcd 871 k Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================================== Install 2 Package(s) Total download size: 4.8 M Installed size: 9.4 M Downloading Packages: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 69 MB/s | 4.8 MB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : 32:bind-libs-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 1/2 Installing : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : 32:bind-libs-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64 2/2 Installed: bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 Dependency Installed: bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 Complete!
查看安装完毕后的DNS服务
[root@ziqiang ~]# chkconfig auditd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off dhcpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off dhcpd6 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off dhcrelay 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off iptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off named 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off netconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off netfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off portreserve 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off postfix 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rdisc 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off restorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off rhnsd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rhsmcertd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off saslauthd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off udev-post 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
刚刚安装的服务叫named，显示是关闭状态，接下来开启该服务
[root@ziqiang ~]# chkconfig named on [root@ziqiang ~]# chkconfig auditd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off dhcpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off dhcpd6 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off dhcrelay 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off iptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off named 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off netconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off netfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off portreserve 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off postfix 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rdisc 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off restorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off rhnsd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rhsmcertd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off saslauthd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off udev-post 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [root@ziqiang ~]# runlevel N 3
查看配置文件
bind安装完毕后所有配置文件（包含可执行文件）
[root@ziqiang ~]# rpm -lq bind /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/13-named /etc/logrotate.d/named /etc/named /etc/named.conf /etc/named.iscdlv.key /etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.root.key /etc/portreserve/named /etc/rc.d/init.d/named /etc/rndc.conf /etc/rndc.key /etc/sysconfig/named /usr/lib64/bind /usr/sbin/arpaname /usr/sbin/ddns-confgen /usr/sbin/dnssec-dsfromkey /usr/sbin/dnssec-keyfromlabel /usr/sbin/dnssec-keygen /usr/sbin/dnssec-revoke /usr/sbin/dnssec-settime /usr/sbin/dnssec-signzone /usr/sbin/genrandom /usr/sbin/isc-hmac-fixup /usr/sbin/lwresd /usr/sbin/named /usr/sbin/named-checkconf /usr/sbin/named-checkzone /usr/sbin/named-compilezone /usr/sbin/named-journalprint /usr/sbin/nsec3hash /usr/sbin/rndc /usr/sbin/rndc-confgen /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2 /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/CHANGES /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/COPYRIGHT /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/Copyright /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/README /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM-book.xml /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch01.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch02.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch03.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch04.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch05.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch06.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch07.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch08.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch09.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.ch10.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Bv9ARM.pdf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Makefile /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/Makefile.in /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/README-SGML /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/dnssec.xml /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/isc-logo.eps /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/isc-logo.pdf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/latex-fixup.pl /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/libdns.xml /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.arpaname.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.ddns-confgen.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dig.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dnssec-dsfromkey.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dnssec-keyfromlabel.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dnssec-keygen.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dnssec-revoke.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dnssec-settime.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.dnssec-signzone.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.genrandom.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.host.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.isc-hmac-fixup.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.named-checkconf.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.named-checkzone.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.named-journalprint.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.named.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.nsec3hash.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.nsupdate.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.rndc-confgen.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.rndc.conf.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/man.rndc.html /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/managed-keys.xml /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/pkcs11.xml /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-faltstrom-uri-06.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-6man-text-addr-representation-07.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-behave-address-format-07.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-behave-dns64-11.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-axfr-clarify-14.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-dns-tcp-requirements-03.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-bis-updates-12.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-registry-fixes-06.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-ecc-key-07.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-interop3597-02.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-rfc2671bis-edns0-05.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-rfc2672bis-dname-19.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-rfc3597-bis-02.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-tsig-md5-deprecated-03.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsop-bad-dns-res-05.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsop-dnssec-key-timing-02.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsop-dnssec-trust-history-01.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsop-inaddr-required-07.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsop-name-server-management-reqs-02.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-ietf-dnsop-respsize-06.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-kato-dnsop-local-zones-00.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-kerr-ixfr-only-01.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-mekking-dnsop-auto-cpsync-00.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/draft-yao-dnsext-bname-04.txt /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/draft/update /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/Makefile /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/Makefile.in /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/dnssec /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/format-options.pl /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/ipv6 /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/migration /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/migration-4to9 /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/options /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/rfc-compliance /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/roadmap /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/sdb /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/misc/sort-options.pl /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/named.conf.default /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/index.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1032.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1033.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1034.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1035.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1101.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1122.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1123.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1183.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1348.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1535.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1536.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1537.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1591.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1611.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1612.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1706.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1712.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1750.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/rfc/rfc1876.txt.gz /usr/share/doc/bind-以上是关于DNS服务——服务端 和 客户端 配置的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章