Nginx+Tomcat实现负载均衡及动静分离

Posted 2020-12-31

• 内部模拟两台服务器taoba1和taobao2

• 当访问 www.taobao.com 时候会依据负载均衡策略来进行访问
  

• 拷贝两份tomcat文件，分别命名为taobao1、taobao2

  [[email protected] conf.d]# cd /root/software/
  [[email protected] software]# ll
  总用量 190720
  -rw-r--r--. 1 root root     60564 8月  21 23:36 1.jpg
  drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root       160 8月  20 14:56 apache-tomcat-8.5.32
  -rw-r--r--. 1 root root   9584807 8月  20 13:40 apache-tomcat-8.5.32.tar.gz
  -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 185646832 8月  20 13:34 jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz
  [[email protected] software]# cp -r apache-tomcat-8.5.32 taobao1
  [[email protected] software]# cp -r apache-tomcat-8.5.32 taobao2
  [[email protected] software]# pwd
  /root/software

• 修改taobao1和taobao2的tomcat端口号

[[email protected] software]# vim taobao1/conf/server.xml 
 22 <Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">  #将默认的8005修改为8006

 68     -->
 69     <Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"  #将默认的8080修改为8081
 70                connectionTimeout="20000"
 71                redirectPort="8443" />
 72     <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
 73     <!--

116     <Connector port="8010" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />  #将默认的8009修改为8010

[[email protected] software]# vim taobao2/conf/server.xml
 22 <Server port="8007" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">  #将默认的8005修改为8007

 68     -->
 69     <Connector port="8082" protocol="HTTP/1.1"  #将默认的8080修改为8082
 70                connectionTimeout="20000"
 71                redirectPort="8443" />
 72     <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
 73     <!--

 116     <Connector port="8011" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />  #将默认的8009修改为8011

• 分别修改taobao1和taobao2的默认页面，进行区分

[[email protected] software]# pwd
/root/software
[[email protected] software]# vim taobao1/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
<h2>If you‘re seeing this, you‘ve successfully access to taobao1!</h2>

[[email protected] software]# vim taobao2/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
<h2>If you‘re seeing this, you‘ve successfully access to taobao2!</h2>

• 分别启动taobao1和taobao2的tomcat

[[email protected] software]# ./taobao1/bin/startup.sh 
[[email protected] software]# ./taobao2/bin/startup.sh 

• 验证结果

打开192.168.10.191:8081时候返回的是taobao1的页面

打开192.168.10.191:8082时候返回的是taobao2的页面

• 创建虚拟主机文件并配置负载均衡

[[email protected] software]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[[email protected] conf.d]# cp proxy.conf taobao.conf
[[email protected] conf.d]# vim taobao.conf 
#后台服务器列表
upstream taobaohost{
         server 192.168.10.191:8081;
         server 192.168.10.191:8082;
}

server {
       listen   80;
       server_name www.taobao.com;

       location / {
           proxy_pass http://taobaohost;  #指定代理的后台服务器
    }

}
~                                                

• 在windows的hosts文件中添加域名解析

192.168.10.191      www.taobao.com

• 验证

打开 www.taobao.com，会随机打开taobao1或taobao2的页面

• 负载均衡策略（默认为轮询，修改为根据权重，服务器的性能不均的情况）

[[email protected] conf.d]# vim taobao.conf
upstream taobaohost{
         server 192.168.10.191:8081 weight=8;  weight代表权重，数值越大，被访问的概率越大
         server 192.168.10.191:8082 weight=2;
}

systemctl restart nginx

• 此时打开 www.taobao.com 的时候，taobao1的页面出现的次数明显多于taobao2页面出现的次数

• 由于Tomcat处理静态资源效率不高，会导致Web应用相应慢，占用系统资源。将静态资源交给Nginx处理，动态资源仍由Tomcat处理，实现动静分离。

• 编辑taobao.conf，将静态资源交给Nginx处理

[[email protected] conf.d]# vim taobao.conf 
upstream taobaohost{
         server 192.168.10.191:8081 weight=8;
         server 192.168.10.191:8082 weight=2;
}

server {
       listen   80;
       server_name www.taobao.com;

#处理动态资源
       location / {
           proxy_pass http://taobaohost;
    }
#处理静态资源
       location ~ .*.(js|css|ico|png|jpg|eot|svg|ttf|woff) {
          root /servers/taobao/static;
    }

}
~                                                     

• 由于还没有创建静态资源的目录，所以此时打开 www.taobao.com 如下图

• 创建存放静态资源的目录，并将静态资源放在该目录中

[[email protected] conf.d]# mkdir -p /servers/taobao/static
[[email protected] conf.d]# cd /servers/taobao/static/
[[email protected] static]# cp /root/software/taobao1/webapps/ROOT/tomcat.png ./
[[email protected] static]# cp /root/software/taobao1/webapps/ROOT/tomcat.css ./
[[email protected] static]# ll
总用量 16
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 5581 8月  22 18:39 tomcat.css
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 5103 8月  22 18:39 tomcat.png
[[email protected] static]# pwd
/servers/taobao/static

[[email protected] static]# chmod 755 *
[[email protected] static]# ll
总用量 16
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5581 8月  22 18:39 tomcat.css
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5103 8月  22 18:39 tomcat.png

• 验证

再次打开 www.taobao.com 的时候就正常了