Linux中详细搭建lamp架构

Posted 2020-12-31

1.LAMP架构介绍

LAMP是Linux+Apache(httpd)+mysql+php的简写，即把Apache、MySQL以及PHP安装在linux系统上，组成一个运行环境来运行PHP脚本语言，通常是网站。比如Google、淘宝、百度、51cto博客、猿课论坛等就是用PHP语言写出来的。

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2.web服务器工作流程

在说lamp架构平台的搭建前，我们先来了解下什么的CGI,什么是FastCGI,什么是 web服务器的资源分为两种，静态资源和动态资源。
静态资源就是指静态内容，客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同，可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的 资源。
动态资源则通常是程序文件，需要在服务器执行之后，将执行的结果返回给客户端。
那么web服务器如何执行程序并将结果返回给客户端呢？下面通过一张图来说明一下web服务器如何处理客户端的请求：

             如上图所示

阶段①显示的是httpd服务器（即apache）和php服务器通过FastCGI协议进行通信，且php作为独立的服务器进程运行

阶段②显示的是php程序和mysql数据库间通过mysql协议进行通信。php与mysql本没有什么联系，但是由php语言写成的程序可以与mysql进行数据交互。同理perl和python写的程序也可以与mysql数据库进行交互

通过上面的图说明一下web的工作流程：
客户端通过http协议请求web服务器资源
web服务器收到请求后判断客户端请求的资源是静态资源还是动态资源
若是静态资源则直接从本地文件系统取之返回给客户端
否则若为动态资源则通过FastCGi协议与php服务器联系，通过CGI程序的master进程调度worker进程来执行程序以获得客户端请求的动态资源，并将执行的结果通过FastCGI协议返回给httpd服务器，httpd服务器收到的php的执行结果后将其封装为http响应报文响应给客户端。在执行程序获取动态资源时若需要获得数据库中的资源时，由php服务器通过mysql协议与Mysql/MariaDB服务器交互，取之而后返回给httpd,httpd将从php服务器收到的执行结果封装为http响应给客户端

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3.lamp平台构建

 环境说明：

系统平台	IP	需要安装的服务
centos7 redhat7	192.168.209.12	httpd-2.4 mysql-5.7 php php-mysql

      lamp平台软件安装次序：
    http -- >  mysql -- > php

注意：php要求httpd使用prowork    MPM

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4.实例演示：

//关闭防火墙firewalld
//关闭seLinux

1.安装httpd

//安装开发工具包
[[email protected] ~]# yum groups mark install ‘Development Tools‘

//创建apache服务的用户和组
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd -r apache
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g apache apache

//安装依赖包
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool

//下载和安装apar以及apr-util
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/
[[email protected] src]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2
[[email protected] src]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[[email protected] src]# tar xf apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2
[[email protected] src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[[email protected] src]# cd apr-1.6.3
[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]# vim configure
  /$cfgfile //将此行加上注释
[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]# make -j 8 && make install 
[[email protected] src]# cd apr-util-1.6.1
[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.1]# make -j 8 && make install

//编译安装httpd
[[email protected] ~]#  wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~]# cd httpd-2.4.34
[[email protected] httpd-2.4.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache  --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24  --enable-so  --enable-ssl  --enable-cgi  --enable-rewrite  --with-zlib  --with-pcre  --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all  --with-mpm=prefork
[[email protected] httpd-2.4.34]# make -j 4 && make install

//安装后配置
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH‘ > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[[email protected] ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man‘ >> /etc/man_db.conf

//取消ServerName前面的注释
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘/#ServerName/s/#//g‘ /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf

//启动apache
[[email protected] ~]# apachectl start
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl

2.安装mysql 数据库
//安装依赖 包
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel

//创建用户和组
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/
[[email protected] src]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[[email protected] src]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql

//下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
[[email protected] src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

//解压软件至/usr/local
[[email protected] src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
[[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/

//创建软连接
[[email protected] local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

//修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[[email protected] local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] local]# ll /usr/local/mysql

//添加环境变量
[[email protected] ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH‘ > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[[email protected] ~]# echo $PATH 

//建立数据存放目录
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[[email protected] ~]# ll /opt/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 8月  19 13:20 data

//初始化数据库 注意这个命令后会生成临时密码 要记住 jd?ajfrKY4pQ
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/

//配置mysql
//软连接
[[email protected] ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘/usr/local/mysql/lib‘ > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[[email protected] ~]# ldconfig -v

//生成配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
> [mysqld]
> basedir = /usr/local/mysql
> datadir = /opt/data
> socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
> port = 3306
> pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
> user = mysql
> skip-name-resolve
> EOF

//配置服务启动脚本
[[email protected] ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected] ~]# sed -ri ‘s#^(basedir=).*#1/usr/local/mysql#g‘ /etc/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected] ~]# sed -ri ‘s#^(datadir=).*#1/opt/data#g‘ /etc/init.d/mysqld

//启动mysql
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef |grep mysql
[[email protected] ~]#  ss -antl

//修改密码 使用临时密码登入
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p
jd?ajfrKY4pQ 这是以上步骤的临时密码
mysql> set password = password(‘lanzhiyong‘);

3.安装php
//配置yum源
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo 
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘s/$releasever/7/g‘ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘s/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g‘ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y epel-release

//安装依赖包
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel

//下载php
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/
[[email protected] src]# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-7.2.8.tar.xz

//编译安装php   [[email protected] src]# tar xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[[email protected] src]# cd php-7.2.8
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]#
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 --with-curl --with-freetype-dir --with-gd --with-gettext --with-iconv-dir --with-kerberos --with-libdir=lib64 --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-openssl --with-pcre-regex --with-pdo-mysql --with-pdo-sqlite --with-pear --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-xmlrpc --with-xsl --with-zlib --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --enable-fpm --enable-bcmath --enable-libxml --enable-inline-optimization --enable-mbregex --enable-mbstring --enable-opcache --enable-pcntl --enable-shmop --enable-soap --enable-sockets --enable-sysvsem --enable-xml --enable-zip

[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# make -j $(cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor |wc -l)
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# make install

//安装后配置
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH‘ >  /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/php-7.2.8
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# php -v

//配置php-fpm
 [[email protected] php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
 [[email protected] php-7.2.8]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
 [[email protected] php-7.2.8]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
 [[email protected] php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

//配置fpm的相关选项为你所需的值：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
*****在配置文件最后面添加一下内容
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 2
pm.max_spare_servers = 8
[[email protected] ~]# tail /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf

//启动php-fpm
[[email protected] ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm  done
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl        
      ******php-fpm监听在9000端口
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef |grep php

//////////////////配置apache
 //启用httpd的相关模块
 [[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘/proxy_module/s/#//g‘ /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
 [[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘/proxy_fcgi_module/s/#//g‘ /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf

///////////////////////配置虚拟主机
//创建虚拟主机目录并生成php测试页面
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir       /usr/local/apache/htdocs/lanzhiyong.com
[[email protected] ~]# cat > /usr/local/apache/htdocs/lanzhiyong.com/index.php << EOF
> <?php
> phpinfo();
> ?>
> EOF
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[[email protected] ~]# ll -d /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 apache apache 46 8月  19 15:35 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/

//在配置文件的最后加入一下内容
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf 
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.lanzhiyong.com
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/lanzhiyong.com"
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php)$     fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/lanzhiyong.com/$1
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/lanzhiyong.com">
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
</VirtualHost>

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf 
//搜索AddType 添加以下两行
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php //添加此行
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps //添加此行

[[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘/    DirectoryIndex/s/index.html/index.php index.html/g‘ /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf

//重启apache服务
[[email protected] ~]# apachectl stop  
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl 
[[email protected] ~]# apachectl start 
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q      Local Address:Port                     Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128                     *:22                                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100             127.0.0.1:25                                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128             127.0.0.1:9000                                *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                    :::80                                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128                    :::22                                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100                   ::1:25                                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      80                     :::3306                               :::*             

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5.验证：

    1.修改/etc/hosts文件，添加域名与IP的映射

2.在浏览器上使用域名访问，若看到以下界面则表示lamp架构搭建成功，否则请检查你的操作