linux虚拟网络接口---bonding配置
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在日常生活中，大家会遇到这种情况，在家里可以自动获取ip地址，上班的时候公司可能会禁网，所以会提供一个私网地址供大家使用，但是需要大家手连接网络，比较麻烦。这就需要为设备配置两套方案，设置一个网络接口来回切换，就会很方便了。
一、首先了解一下bonding的定义
bonding是通过将同一设备的多个物理网卡绑定到一个虚拟网卡上，再对外提供连接。对于外端来说，多个物理网卡共享虚拟网卡的IP和mac地址，也就表现为一个网卡设备。通过bonding技术可以实现高可用或者负载均衡。
bonding的工作模式：
Mode 0 轮转策略：从头到尾顺序的在每一个slave接口上面发送数据包。本模式提供负载均衡和容错的能力
Mode 1 (active-backup)活动-备份（主备）策略：只有一个slave被激活，当且仅当活动的slave接口失败时才会激活其他slave。 为了避免交换机发生混乱此时绑定的MAC地址只有一个外部端口上可见
Mode 3 (broadcast)广播策略：在所有的slave接口上传送所有的报文,提供容错能力
二、Bonding的配置(centos6)
1.手工添加2块网卡，并设置到同一个vmnet中（vmnet3）。用ifconfig查看两个网卡是否加入进去
[[email protected] network-scripts]#ifconfig eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:8F:26:2A UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:546 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:164116 (160.2 KiB) TX bytes:938 (938.0 b) eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:8F:26:2A UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:552 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:164476 (160.6 KiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:240 (240.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
2.创建bonding设备bond0的配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@centos6 network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-bond0 [[email protected] network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-bond0 DEVICE=bond0 ONBOOT=yes BONDING_OPTS="miimon=100 mode=1" IPADDR=10.8.8.8 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NM_CONTROLLED=no
miimon 是用来进行链路监测的。如果miimon=100，那么系统每100ms 监测一次链路连接状态，如果有一条线路不通就转入另一条线路
mode 是bonding的模式
3.配置slave的配置文件
[[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth2 [[email protected] network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth2 DEVICE=eth2 TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes SLAVE=yes MASTER=bond0 NM_CONTROLLED=no [root@centos6 network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth3 [root@centos6 network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth3 DEVICE=eth3 TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes SLAVE=yes MASTER=bond0 NM_CONTROLLED=no
4.重启网络服务
[[email protected] network-scripts]# service network restart
5.查看bonding的状态
[[email protected] network-scripts]#cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011) Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup) Primary Slave: None Currently Active Slave: eth2 MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100 Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0 Slave Interface: eth2 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:8f:26:2a Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: eth3 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:8f:26:20 Slave
5. 更改bond0工作模式
直接修改bond0配置文件中的mode，重启网络服务即可
6.如何删除bond0（先关再删)
[[email protected] network-scripts]#ifconfig bond0 down [[email protected] network-scripts]#rm –f ifcfg-bond0
删除eth2里面的master,及slave
三、centos7的bonding配置（centos7中的补齐命令比centos6更强）
1.加2个网卡，在同一个vmnet中。
2.使用nmcli管理工具
1）创建逻辑网卡bond0
[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli con add type bond con-name bond0 ifname bond0 mode active-backup Connection ‘bond0‘ (c505387c-6f85-4af5-bf50-7958d8cf39ef) successfully added.
#add 相当与自动生成配置文件
[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli con modify bond0 ipv4.addresses 20.20.20.20/24 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.gateway 20.20.20.1 ipv4.method manual connection.autoconnect yes;--设定bond0 ip
2)添加从属网路接口（增加slave的方案给两块新加的网卡）
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection add con-name slave-38 ifname ens38 type ethernet master bond0 Connection ‘slave-38‘ (97708606-56ac-48aa-9014-c23a376c2379) successfully added. [root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli connection add con-name slave-39 ifname ens39 type ethernet master bond0 Connection ‘slave-39‘ (608dc1a0-9407-45be-a720-4c415b4b8488) successfully added.
3.直接激活bond0
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection up bond0
4.更改bond0模式
[[email protected]]# nmcli connection modify bond0 mode broadcast
5.删除同centos6
四、创建网络组Networking Teaming实现类似功能
网络组：是将多个网卡聚合在一起方法，从而实现冗错和提高吞吐量。但网络组不同于旧版中bonding技术，提供更好的性能和扩展性。
1.创建网络组team0
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection add type team con-name team0 ifname team0 config ‘{"runner": {"name": "loadbalance"}}‘ Connection ‘team0‘ (9a5ab96b-3cd3-412d-9532-1327c035367c) successfully added.
2.添加从属网路接口
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection add con-name slave-38 ifname ens38 type team-slave master team0 Connection ‘slave-38‘ (e5182e70-86a6-480f-bc14-2d2055bfab9f) successfully added. [root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli connection add con-name slave-39 ifname ens39 type team-slave master team0 Connection ‘slave-39‘ (e31b4880-0095-4322-af49-63094bbe873d) successfully added.
3.设置team0的ip
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection modify team0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 20.20.20.20/24 connection.autoconnect yes
4.激活team0及slave
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection up team0 Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/13) [root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli connection up slave-38 Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/16) [root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli connection up slave-39 Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/18)
5.删除team0
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection down team0 Connection ‘team0‘ successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/13) [root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli connection down slave-38 Connection ‘slave-38‘ successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/16) [root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli connection down slave-39 Connection ‘slave-39‘ successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/19) [root@centos7 network-scripts]# rm -f ifcfg-slave-3* [[email protected] network-scripts]# rm -f ifcfg-team0
实验：使用nmcli为网卡配置2套方案，一个Dhcp一个静态获取
1.改旧方案的名称（非必须）
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection modify ens34 connection.id home
2.将home的方案设置的自动获取ipv4地址
[[email protected]]#nmcli connection modify home ipv4.method auto
3.使方案生效
[[email protected] network-scripts]#nmcli connection up home Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/9)
查看方案
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection show NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE ens33 dadb8960-c959-47f5-addb-13f8e439d72d ethernet ens33 home 482d5ab5-ac7d-4467-ac09-65440b174331 ethernet ens34 virbr0 1eee137a-f1ea-4fe8-b387-5d0561d76aca bridge virbr0
4.新增方案名为office
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection add con-name office type ethernet ifname ens34
5.为新增的方案进行配置静态地址
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection modify office ipv4.method manual connection.autoconnect yes ipv4.addresses 8.8.8.8/24 ipv4.gateway 8.8.8.1 ipv4.dns 4.4.4.4
6.切换到新方案，使之生效
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection up office
查看方案
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection show NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE ens33 dadb8960-c959-47f5-addb-13f8e439d72d ethernet ens33 office 482d5ab5-ac7d-4467-ac09-65440b174331 ethernet ens34 virbr0 1eee137a-f1ea-4fe8-b387-5d0561d76aca bridge virbr0 home2ae365b6-ab9a-4882-8831-e38a362881e2 ethernet --
如果手工修改了配置文件，如下
[[email protected] network-scripts]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-office IPADDR=8.8.8.8 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=8.8.8.1 DNS1=4.4.4.4
则需要使用nmcli connection reload来重读后才能够nmcli connection up
删除方案
[[email protected] network-scripts]# nmcli connection delete office
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