《Linux菜鸟入门2》Apache
Posted
tags:
篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了《Linux菜鸟入门2》Apache相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。
1.什么是apache
Apache是世界使用排名第一的Web服务器软件。它可以运行在几乎所有广泛使用的计算机平台上,由于其跨平台和安全性被广泛使用,是最流行的Web服务器端软件之一。它快速、可靠并且可通过简单的API扩充,将Perl/Python等解释器编译到服务器中。同时Apache音译为阿帕奇,是北美印第安人的一个部落,叫阿帕奇族,在美国的西南部。httpd是Apache超文本传输协议(HTTP)服务器的主程序
lnmp=linux nginx mysql php
虽然nginx(nginx提供共享)性能更好,但是不是开源
相关命令
curl -I www.baidu.com(域名) 查看域名使用的信息
nmap 网络扫描
yum install nmap -y
nmap -A www.xupt.ed 在国外此命令违法
2.配置apache
①server端配置
hostnamectl set-hostname web1.westos.com
yum install httpd -y
cd /var/www/html/
systemctl start httpd
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
163 <IfModule dir_module>
164 DirectoryIndex index.html file
165 </IfModule>
在配置文件中,index.html和 file文件,哪个在前,在浏览器中优先看哪个,若都没有,则浏览器显示界面为apache测试页面
yum install httpd-manual.noarch -y httpd使用手册
●更改默认发布目录:
将默认发布目录/var/www/html/改为/www/westos
[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[[email protected] html]# getenforce
Enforcing
[[email protected] html]# ls -Zd .
drwxr-xr-x. root root system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 .
[[email protected] html]# mkdir /www/westos -p
[[email protected] html]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t ‘/www/westos(/.*)?‘
[[email protected] html]# restorecon -RvvF /www/
restorecon reset /www context unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0->system_u:object_r:default_t:s0
restorecon reset /www/westos context unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0->system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0
[[email protected] html]# cd /www/westos/
[[email protected] westos]# vim index.html 编辑内容为/www/westos‘s page
[[email protected] westos]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 修改内容为:
119 #DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
120 DocumentRoot "/www/westos"
121 <Directory "/www/westos">
122 require all granted
123 </Directory>
[[email protected] westos]# systemctl restart httpd.service
在server浏览器中输入http://172.25.254.149 得到 /www/westos‘s page 表示更改成功
●端口:
[[email protected] westos]# ss -antlp | grep httpd
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
[[email protected] westos]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
41 #Listen 12.34.56.78:80
42 Listen 80 默认为80端口
http://ip:80也可不加80一般默认
若改变为Listen 8080,则在浏览器中输入http://ip:8080
但8080端口容易被黑客利用攻击,慎用。
●访问权限黑白名单
[[email protected] westos]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
120 DocumentRoot "/www/westos"
121 <Directory "/www/westos">
122 require all granted
123 Order Deny,Allow **谁在前,先读谁,一般Allow在前
124 Allow from 172.25.254.0/24 **允许172.25.254.x网段所有人访问
125 Deny from ALL **拒绝所有人访问
126 </Directory>
[[email protected] westos]# systemctl restart httpd.service
●设置用户访问权限
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
121 <Directory "/www/westos">
122 Require all granted
123 AllowOverride all
124 Authuserfile /etc/httpd/htpasswdfile 用户信息所在文件
125 Authname "Please input username and password" 提示信息
126 Authtype basic 基本认证类型
127 Require user admin 只允许使用用户admin在浏览器中访问
128 </Directory>
systemctl restart httpd.service
若要所以用户都可访问则:
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
127 Require valid-user
systemctl restart httpd.service
访问需要输入用户和密码
●apaache的虚拟主机
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf先修改为初始状态
119 DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
120 #DocumentRoot "/www/westos"
121 #
122 # Relax access to content within /var/www.
[[email protected] westos]# cd /etc/httpd/
[[email protected] httpd]# ls
conf conf.d conf.modules.d logs modules run
[[email protected] httpd]# htpasswd -cm htpasswdfile admin -c表示建立
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user admin
[[email protected] httpd]# htpasswd -m htpasswdfile westos 第二次新建不用加c,若加-c会覆盖第一次建立的用户信息
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user westos
[[email protected] httpd]# cat htpasswdfile
admin:$apr1$JICcD90s$CUjJyhcTEEHIz5x1qj55z1
westos:$apr1$6rk8RbXl$CIFniY0.TwqKr.oY.tvCg1
[[email protected] httpd]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[[email protected] httpd]# ll /etc/httpd/htpasswdfile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 89 Dec 8 01:17 /etc/httpd/htpasswdfile
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[[email protected] httpd]# systemctl restart httpd.service
[[email protected] httpd]# cd /var/www/html/
[[email protected] html]# ls
index.html
[[email protected] html]# vim index.html 这里是默认的
[[email protected] html]# mkdir /var/www/virtual/news.westos.com/html -p
[[email protected] html]# mkdir /var/www/virtual/music.westos.com/html -p
[[email protected] html]# cd /var/www/virtual/news.westos.com/html/
[[email protected] html]# vim index.html
[[email protected] html]# cd /var/www/virtual/music.westos.com/html/
[[email protected] html]# vim index.html
[[email protected] html]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[[email protected] conf.d]# ls
autoindex.conf manual.conf README userdir.conf welcome.conf
[[email protected] conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[[email protected] conf.d]# vim default.conf
[[email protected] conf.d]# vim music.conf
[[email protected] conf.d]# vim news.conf
[[email protected] conf.d]# ls
autoindex.conf manual.conf news.conf userdir.conf
default.conf music.conf README welcome.co
[[email protected] conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 查看文件应该编辑的地方
353 IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
[[email protected] named]# vim /etc/hosts 测试端:(在desktop上)
172.25.254.112 www.westos.com westos.com news.westos.com music.westos.com
firefox -->在浏览器中输入不同的域名
如果显示对应 ,则配置正确
本文出自 “12147236” 博客,转载请与作者联系!
以上是关于《Linux菜鸟入门2》Apache的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章