LeetCode 1540. K 次操作转变字符串 哈希
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.---------------------------------------------------------------------------. | | | Bash History Cheat Sheet | | | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------v1.12-‘ | Created by Peter Krumins (peter@catonmat.net, @pkrumins on twitter) | | www.catonmat.net -- good coders code, great coders reuse | | | | Released under the GNU Free Document License | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------‘ ===================== Emacs Keyboard Shortcut Summary ===================== .--------------.------------------------------------------------------------. | | | | Shortcut | Description | | | | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | C-p | Fetch the previous command from the history list. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | C-n | Fetch the next command from the history list. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | M-< | Move to the first line in the history. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | M-> | Move to the end of the input history. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | C-r | Search backward starting at the current line (incremental) | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | C-s | Search forward starting at the current line (incremental). | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | M-p | Search backward using non-incremental search. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | M-n | Search forward using non-incremental search | ‘--------------‘------------------------------------------------------------‘ ======================= Vi Keyboard Shortcut Summary ====================== .--------------.------------------------------------------------------------. | | | | Shortcut | Description | | | | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | k | Fetch the previous command from the history list. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | j | Fetch the next command from the history list. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | /string or | Search history backward for a command matching string. | | CTRL-r | | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | ?string or | Search history forward for a command matching string. | | CTRL-s | (Note that on most machines Ctrl-s STOPS the terminal | | | output, change it with `stty‘ (Ctrl-q to resume)). | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | n | Repeat search in the same direction as previous. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | N | Repeat search in the opposite direction as previous. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | G | Move to history line N (for example, 15G). | ‘--------------‘------------------------------------------------------------‘ ======================== History Expansion Summary ======================== Event Designators: .--------------.------------------------------------------------------------. | | | | Designator | Description | | | | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | ! | Start a history substitution. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | !! | Refer to the last command. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | !n | Refer to the n-th command line (try `history‘ command). | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | !-n | Refer to the current command line minus n. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | !string | Refer to the most recent command starting with ‘string‘. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | !?string? | Refer to the most recent command containing ‘string‘. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | ^str1^str2^ | Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing | | | ‘str1‘ with ‘str2‘. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | !# | Refer to the entire command line typed so far. | ‘--------------‘------------------------------------------------------------‘ Word Designators: (Word designators follow the event designators, separated by a collon ‘:‘) .--------------.------------------------------------------------------------. | | | | Designator | Description | | | | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | 0 | The zeroth (first) word in a line (usually command name). | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | n | The n-th word in a line. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | ^ | The first argument (the second word) in a line. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | $ | The last argument in a line. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | % | The word matched by the most recent string search. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | x-y | A range of words from x to y (-y is synonymous with 0-y). | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | * | All words but the zeroth (synonymous with 1-$). | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | x* | Synonymous with x-$ | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | x- | The words from x to the second to last word. | ‘--------------‘------------------------------------------------------------‘ Modifiers (modifiers follow word designators, separated by a colon): .--------------.------------------------------------------------------------. | | | | Modifier | Description | | | | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | h | Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving the head. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | t | Remove all leading pathname component, leaving the tail. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | r | Remove a trailing suffix of the form .xxx, leaving the | | | basename. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | e | Remove all but the trailing suffix. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | p | Print the resulting command but do not execute it. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | q | Quotes the substituted words, escaping further | | | substitutions. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | x | Quotes the substituted words, breaking them into words at | | | blanks and newlines. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | s/old/new/ | Substitutes ‘new‘ for ‘old‘. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | & | Repeats the previous substitution. | ‘--------------+------------------------------------------------------------‘ | g | Causes s/old/new/ or & to be applied over the entire | | | event line. | ‘--------------‘------------------------------------------------------------‘ ============ History Behavior Modification via Shell Variables ============ .----------------.----------------------------------------------------------. | | | | Shell Variable | Description | | | | ‘----------------+----------------------------------------------------------‘ | HISTFILE | Controls where the history file gets saved. | | | Set to /dev/null not to save the history. | | | Default: ~/.bash_history | ‘----------------+----------------------------------------------------------‘ | HISTFILESIZE | Controls how many history commands to keep in HISTFILE | | | Default: 500 | ‘----------------+----------------------------------------------------------‘ | HISTSIZE | Controls how many history commands to keep in the | | | history list of current session. | | | Default: 500 | ‘----------------+----------------------------------------------------------‘ | HISTIGNORE | Controls which commands to ignore and not save to the | | | history list. The variable takes a list of | | | colon separated values. Pattern & matches the previous | | | history command. | ‘----------------‘----------------------------------------------------------‘ ============ History Behavior Modification via `shopt‘ Command ============ .----------------.----------------------------------------------------------. | | | | shopt Option | Description | | | | ‘----------------+----------------------------------------------------------‘ | histappend | Setting the variable appends current session history to | | | HISTFILE. Unsetting overwrites the file each time. | ‘----------------+----------------------------------------------------------‘ | histreedit | If set, puts a failed history substitution back on the | | | command line for re-editing. | ‘----------------+----------------------------------------------------------‘ | histverify | If set, puts the command to be executed after a | | | substitution on command line as if you had typed it. | ‘----------------‘----------------------------------------------------------‘ shopt options can be set by a `shopt -s option‘ and can be unset by a `shopt -u option‘. =============================== Examples ================================== $ echo a b c d e (executes `echo ab c d e`) a b c d e $ echo !!:3-$ (executes `echo c d e`) c d e $ echo !-2:*:q (executes `echo ‘a b c d e‘`) a b c d e $ echo !-3:1:2:4:x (executes `echo ‘a‘ ‘b‘ ‘d‘`) a b d $ echo !-4:1-3:s/a/foo/:s/b/bar/:s/c/baz/ (executes `echo foo bar baz`) foo bar baz $ tar -xzf package-x.y.z.tgz ... $ cd !-1:$:r (executes `cd package-x.y.z`) package-x.y.z $ $ ls -a /tmp file1 file2 file3 ... $ ^-a^-l^ (executes `ls -l /tmp`) -rw------- 1 user user file1 ... =========================================================================== .---------------------------------------------------------------------------. | Created by Peter Krumins (peter@catonmat.net, @pkrumins on twitter) | | www.catonmat.net -- good coders code, great coders reuse | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------‘
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