Web基础-05 HttpServletResponse
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HttpServletResponse
web服务器接收到客户端的http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletReques对象,一个代表响应的HttpServletResponser对象
1、如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数:找HttpServletRequest
2、如果要给客户端响应一些信息:找HttpServletResponse
1、简单分类
负责向浏览器发送数据的方法
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException; PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法
void setCharacterEncoding(String var1); void setContentLength(int var1); void setContentLengthLong(long var1); void setContentType(String var1); void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2); void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2); void setHeader(String var1, String var2); void addHeader(String var1, String var2); void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2); void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2)
响应的状态码
int SC_CONTINUE = 100; int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101; int SC_OK = 200; int SC_CREATED = 201; int SC_ACCEPTED = 202; int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203; nt SC_NO_CONTENT = 204; int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205; int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206; int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300; int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301; int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302; int SC_FOUND = 302; int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303; int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304; int SC_USE_PROXY = 305; int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307; int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400; int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401; int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402; int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403; int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404; int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405; int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406; int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407; int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408; int SC_CONFLICT = 409; int SC_GONE = 410; int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411; int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412; int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413; int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414; int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415; int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416; int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417; int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500; int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501; int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502; int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503; int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504; int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
2、下载文件
1、像浏览器输出消息
2、下载文件
1、要获取下载文件的路径
2、下载文件的下载名是啥?
3、设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
4、获取下载文件的输入流
5、创建缓冲区
6、获取OutputStream对象
7、将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
8、使用OutputStream见缓冲区中数据输出到客户端!
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // 1. 要获取下载文件的路径 String realPath = "D:\\JavaStudy\\JavaWeb\\javaweb-02-servlet\\response\\target\\classes\\游戏.png"; System.out.println("下载文件的路径:"+realPath); // 2. 下载的文件名是啥? String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);//截取最后一个//后的内容 // 3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition) 下载我们需要的东西 ,中文文件名 +URLEncoder.encode编码,否者有可能乱码 resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment; filename="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8")); // 4. 获取下载文件的输入流 FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);//通过realPath获取文件并返回一个InputStream流 // 5. 创建缓冲区 int len = 0; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // 6. 获取OutputStream对象 ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream(); // 7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端! while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){ out.write(buffer,0,len); } // 8. 关闭流 in.close(); out.close(); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
在web.xml注册对应的FileServlet
<servlet> <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.pao.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/down</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
3、验证码功能
验证怎么来的?
前端实现
后端实现,需要用到java的图片类,生产一个图片
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //如何让浏览器5秒刷新一次 resp.setHeader("refresh", "3"); //在内存中创建一个图片 BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); //得到图片 Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();//笔 //设置图片的背景颜色 g.setColor(Color.white); g.fillRect(0,0,80,20); //给图片写数据 g.setColor(Color.blue); g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20)); g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20); //告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开 resp.setContentType("image/jpeg"); //网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存 resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1); resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache"); resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache"); //把图片写给浏览器 ImageIO.write(image,"jpg", resp.getOutputStream()); } //生成随机数的方法 private String makeNum(){ Random random = new Random(); String num = random.nextInt(99999999) + ""; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length(); i++) { sb.append(0); } String s = sb.toString() + num; return num; } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
组测servlet
<servlet> <servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.pao.servlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/img</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
4、实现重定向
重定向流程: 一个web资源B,收到客户端A的请求后,B会通知A客户端去访问另外一个Web资源C,这样的一个请求过程叫做重定向
常见场景:
用户登陆
void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;
重定向测试:
public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.sendRedirect("/img");//用户请求/red会自定转发到/img下
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
web.xml 注册servlet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>RedirectServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.pao.servlet.RedirectServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>RedirectServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/red</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
面试题:请你聊一下重定向和转发的去区别?
相同点: 页面都会跳转
不同点:
请求转发的时候,url不会发生变化
重定向的时候,url地址栏会发生变化
简单实现登陆重定向
index.jsp
<html> <body> <h2>Hello World!</h2> <%--这里提交的路径,需要寻找到项目的路径--%> <%--pageContext.request.contextPath 代表当前的项目--%> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> 密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <input type="submit"> </form> </body> </html>
public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //处理请求 String username = req.getParameter("username"); String password = req.getParameter("password"); System.out.println(username + ":" + password); //重定向的时候一定要注意,路径问题,否者404 resp.sendRedirect("/success.jsp"); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
注册servlet
<servlet> <servlet-name>RequestTest</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.pao.servlet.RequestTest</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>RequestTest</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
测试的流程:用户点击提交按钮,发出一个/login的请求,请求响应到RequestTest ,在这里对前端发来的请求进行处理,并通过重定向将请求转发到”/success.jsp“,最后在前端显示出来
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