Centos7部署Nginx负载均衡Tomcat服务器及session共享架构

Posted 2020-12-10

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简介

负载均衡
负载均衡建立在现有网络结构之上，它提供了一种廉价有效透明的方法扩展网络设备和服务器的带宽、增加吞吐量、加强网络数据处理能力、提高网络的灵活性和可用性。
负载均衡（Load Balance）其意思就是分摊到多个操作单元上进行执行，例如Web服务器、FTP服务器、企业关键应用服务器和其它关键任务服务器等，从而共同完成工作任务
session共享
Session 是客户端与服务器通讯会话跟踪技术，服务器与客户端保持整个通讯的会话基本信息
由于负载均衡会把任务分摊到不同的机器上，因此当用户进行页面刷新时会从机器A跳转到机器B，此时用户所进行的所有操作数据可能会丢失，因此需要通过集群的session共享机制来实现数据跟踪

前期准备

准备Centos7服务器，同步系统时间，配置IP地址和hostname，关闭防火墙和selinux
安装openjdk

[root@localhost ~]# yum install java -y

#查看安装情况
[root@localhost ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_232"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_232-b09)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.232-b09, mixed mode)

部署Nginx
从官网下载yum源并安装nginx

[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx -y

部署redis

#yum安装redis
[root@localhost ~]# yum install redis -y

#配置
#设定为后台守护进程方式运行
daemonize yes
#设定登录密码(可选)
masterauth "your_password"

#启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start redis

部署Tomcat集群

部署tomcat1

从Tomcat官网下载Tomcat7压缩包并解压

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.104.tar.gz -C /usr/local/tomcat-7

配置服务启动文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat7.service 
[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/usr/local/tomcat-7/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat-7
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat-7
ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat-7/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat-7/bin/shutdown.sh
User=root
Group=root
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

配置redis缓存

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/tomcat-7/conf/context.xml 
<Context>
    <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource>
    <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/tomcat-web.xml</WatchedResource>
    <WatchedResource>${catalina.base}/conf/web.xml</WatchedResource>
    <!--配置Redis缓存-->
    <Valve className="com.radiadesign.catalina.session.RedisSessionHandlerValve" />
    <Manager className="com.radiadesign.catalina.session.RedisSessionManager"
    host="127.0.0.1"
    port="6379"
    #redis有设置密码登录则需要填写密码
    password="your_password"
    database="0"
    maxInactiveInterval="60" />
</Context>

编写读取redis缓存文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/tomcat-7/webapps/ROOT/session.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>shared session</title>
</head>
<body>
<br>session id=<%=session.getId()%>
<br>tomcat 1
</body>
</html>

启动服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start tomcat7

部署tomcat2

#复制tomcat1文件夹
[root@localhost ~]# cp -r /usr/local/tomcat-7/ /usr/local/tomcat-7-8888/

修改配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/tomcat-7-8888/conf/server.xml
#修改三处端口号
<Server port="8015" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Connector port="8888" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
<Connector protocol="AJP/1.3"
address="::1"
port="8019"
redirectPort="8443" />

配置服务启动文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat7-8888.service
[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/usr/local/tomcat-7-8888/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat-7-8888
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat-7-8888
ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat-7-8888/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat-7-8888/bin/shutdown.sh
User=root
Group=root
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

修改读取redis缓存的文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/tomcat-7-8888/webapps/ROOT/session.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>shared session</title>
</head>
<body>
<br>session id=<%=session.getId()%>
<br>tomcat 2
</body>
</html>

修改主页显示以示区分

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/tomcat-7-8888/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
 <span id="nav-home"><a href="${tomcatUrl}">Home-7-8888</a></span>

启动服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start tomcat7-8888

部署tomcat3

#复制tomcat1文件夹
[root@localhost ~]# cp -r /usr/local/tomcat-7/ /usr/local/tomcat-7-9999/

修改配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/tomcat-7-9999/conf/server.xml
#修改三处端口号
<Server port="8025" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Connector port="9999" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
<Connector protocol="AJP/1.3"
address="::1"
port="8029"
redirectPort="8443" />

配置服务启动文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat7-9999.service
[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/usr/local/tomcat-7-9999/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat-7-9999
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat-7-9999
ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat-7-9999/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat-7-9999/bin/shutdown.sh
User=root
Group=root
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

修改读取redis缓存的文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/tomcat-7-9999/webapps/ROOT/session.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>shared session</title>
</head>
<body>
<br>session id=<%=session.getId()%>
<br>tomcat 3
</body>
</html>

修改主页显示以示区分

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/tomcat-7-9999/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
 <span id="nav-home"><a href="${tomcatUrl}">Home-7-9999</a></span>

启动服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start tomcat7-9999

配置Nginx负载均衡

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
#配置tomcat集群
upstream serverpool{
#默认情况下通过轮询方式来调用tomcat集群
    server localhost:8080;
    server localhost:8888;
    server localhost:9999;
    }
#配置服务
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    location / {
    proxy_pass http://serverpool/;
    }
}

启动服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nginx

测试验证

验证负载均衡
浏览器访问http://ip
技术图片
点击刷新

再次点击刷新

测试session共享
浏览器访问http://ip/session.jsp

点击刷新

再次点击刷新

查看redis数据库记录

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> auth "your_password"
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ping 
PONG
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "C13930F70F4B33537E99140CFEDAC637"

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