西部开源学习笔记BOOK3《unit 2.DNS服务器集群》
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###### unit2.DNS服务器集群 ######
###############################
##########实验环境##########
主DNS server：172.25.254.219（Master）
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf
3 nameserver 172.25.254.219
备DNS server：172.25.254.119（Slave）
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf
3 nameserver 172.25.254.119
测试客户机器：(219主机询Master，119主机询问Slave，Slave去同步Master)
172.25.254.219
172.25.254.119
注意：主DNS配置请参照《高速缓存DNS》，此处不做描述
主DNS的/var/named/tbr.com.zone文件信息为：
1 $TTL 1D
2 @ IN SOA dns.tbr.com. root.tbr.com. (
3 0 ; serial
4 1D ; refresh
5 1H ; retry
6 1W ; expire
7 3H ) ; minimum
8 NS dns.tbr.com.
9 dns A 172.25.254.219
10 www A 172.25.254.19
#########Slave DNS server基础配置#########
Slave端：
[[email protected] ~]# yum install bind -y
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
11 listen-on port 53 { any; };
17 allow-query { any; };
32 dnssec-validation no;
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones##仿照19-23行的模板添加下面的内容
25 zone "tbr.com" IN {
26 type slave;
27 masters { 172.25.254.219; };
28 file "slaves/tbr.com.zone";
29 allow-update { none; };
30 };
[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/named/
[[email protected] named]# ls
data named.ca named.localhost slaves
dynamic named.empty named.loopback
[[email protected] named]# cd slaves/
[[email protected] slaves]# ls##该目录下刚开始没有任何文件
[[email protected] slaves]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (default, active)
interfaces: eth0
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ssh
ports:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
[[email protected] slaves]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=dns
success
[[email protected] slaves]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[[email protected] slaves]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (default, active)
interfaces: eth0
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client dns ssh
ports:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
Master端：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
25 zone "tbr.com" IN {
26 type master;
27 file "tbr.com.zone";
28 allow-update { none; };
29 allow-transfer { 172.25.254.219; };##允许该ip的主机与自己同步
测试：
172.25.254.119主机：
[[email protected] named]# dig www.tbr.com
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.tbr.com.86400INA172.25.254.19
##########Slave DNS server自动同步主DNS数据###########
在Master端：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
25 zone "tbr.com" IN {
26 type master;
27 file "tbr.com.zone";
28 allow-update { none; };
29 allow-transfer { 172.25.254.219; };
30 also-notify { 172.25.254.219; };##总是向该ip的主机通告更新后的dns解析文件
31 };
[[email protected] ~]# vim /var/named/tbr.com.zone##需要修改serial值
##当修改serial值之后才会认为文件不同，从而重新更新同步
3 2016112601 ; serial
10 www A 172.25.254.18
##修改serial值的同时修改dns解析的内容（之前为www.tbr.com——172.25.254.19）
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart named
在Slave端：
保证防火墙允许dns服务或者关闭防火墙
测试：
172.25.254.219主机：
[[email protected] ~]# dig www.tbr.com
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.tbr.com.86400INA172.25.254.18
172.25.254.119主机：
[[email protected] named]# dig www.tbr.com
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.tbr.com.86400INA172.25.254.18
#############远程修改DNS配置###############
注意：先将上一个实验中的部分配置删除，否则会影响该实验：
在Master端：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
25 zone "tbr.com" IN {
26 type master;
27 file "tbr.com.zone";
28 allow-update { none; };
=======删除以下两行内容=======
29 allow-transfer { 172.25.254.219; };
30 also-notify { 172.25.254.219; };
===========================
##并将28行改为如下：
28 allow-update { 172.25.254.119; };##允许该ip远程修改DNS配置
[[email protected] named]# setenforce 0##修改selinux模式为警告模式
[[email protected] named]# getenforce
Permissive
[[email protected] ~]# cp -p /var/named/tbr.com.zone /mnt/##注意要加-p
##做该实验之前，先将tbr.com.zone文件备份，方便之后还原
[[email protected] ~]# chmod 770 /var/named/
[[email protected] ~]# ll -d /var/named/
drwxrwx---. 5 root named 4096 11月 25 23:59 /var/named/
测试：
172.25.254.119主机：
[[email protected] named]# nsupdate
> server 172.25.254.219
> update delete www.tbr.com##删除A记录
> send
172.25.254.219主机：
[[email protected] named]# dig www.tbr.com
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 4624
[[email protected] named]# ls
data named.empty slaves tbr.com.zone.inter
dynamic named.localhost tbr.comNaNr tbr.com.zone.jnl
named.ca named.loopback tbr.com.zone
[[email protected] named]# rm -fr tbr.com.zone.jnl
[[email protected] named]# rm -fr tbr.com.zone
[[email protected] named]# cp -p /mnt/tbr.com.zone .##将之前备份的文件拷贝回来，注意：要加-p
[[email protected] named]# ls
data named.empty slaves tbr.com.zone.inter
dynamic named.localhost tbr.comNaNr
named.ca named.loopback tbr.com.zone
[[email protected] var]# dig www.tbr.com
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 60307
##此时并不能查到dns信息，A记录消失
172.25.254.119主机：
[[email protected] named]# nsupdate
> server 172.25.254.219
> update add www.tbr.com 86400 A 172.25.254.19##添加A记录
> send
172.25.254.219主机：
[[email protected] named]# dig www.tbr.com
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.tbr.com.86400INA172.25.254.19
##再次查看，成功恢复
###########远程修改添加密码认证#############
Master端：
[[email protected] named]# dnssec-keygen --help##查看dnssec-keygen的帮助
[[email protected] named]# dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-MD5 -b 128 -n HOST tbr
Ktbr.+157+00014
##此时可能会卡住，因为加密字符不够导致的，可以在该主机上移动鼠标或操作来增加无序加密字符
##-a 加密方式； -b 加密长度； -n 加密类别（HOST|USER）
[[email protected] named]# ls
data named.empty tbr.com.zone
dynamic named.localhost tbr.com.zone.inter
Ktbr.+157+00014.key named.loopback tbr.com.zone.jnl
Ktbr.+157+00014.private slaves
named.ca tbr.comNaNr
##生成了这两个文件：Ktbr.+157+00014.keyKtbr.+157+00014.private
[[email protected] named]# cat Ktbr.+157+00014.key
tbr. IN KEY 512 3 157 +dqtFZtEFN+NGp/2rRHJOQ==
[[email protected] named]# cat Ktbr.+157+00014.private
Private-key-format: v1.3
Algorithm: 157 (HMAC_MD5)
Key: +dqtFZtEFN+NGp/2rRHJOQ==
Bits: AAA=
Created: 20161126061602
Publish: 20161126061602
Activate: 20161126061602
[[email protected] named]# cp -p /etc/rndc.key /etc/tbr.key
[[email protected] named]# vim /etc/tbr.key
1 key "tbr" {##此处将key名称改为自己设置的（eg.tbr）
2 algorithm hmac-md5;
3 secret "+dqtFZtEFN+NGp/2rRHJOQ==";##此处将加密字符改为上面生成的key字符
4 };
##将加密字符文件与DNS相关联:(如下)
[[email protected] named]# vim /etc/named.conf
44 include "/etc/tbr.key";
[[email protected] named]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
28 allow-update { key tbr; };
##最后将key文件发送给远程修改的客户机
[[email protected] named]# scp Ktbr.+157+00014.* [email protected]:/mnt/
测试：
172.25.254.119主机：
[[email protected] named]# cd /mnt##需要进入到有key文件的目录下操作
[[email protected] mnt]# ls
Ktbr.+157+00014.key Ktbr.+157+00014.private
[[email protected] mnt]# nsupdate -k Ktbr.+157+00014.private ##-k表示用密码认证
> server 172.25.254.219
> update delete www.tbr.com
> send
>
#############Dynamic DNS 动态DNS###############
注意：
做该实验之前，先将上一个实验的部分配置还原：
Master端：
[[email protected] named]# rm -fr tbr.com.zone.jnl
[[email protected] named]# rm -fr tbr.com.zone
[[email protected] named]# cp -p /mnt/tbr.com.zone .##将之前备份的文件拷贝回来，注意：要加-p
[[email protected] named]# systemctl restart named##重启服务后生效
Master端：
[[email protected] ~]# yum install dhcpd -y
[[email protected] named]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf’? y
[[email protected] named]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
7 option domain-name "tbr.com";
8 option domain-name-servers 172.25.254.219;
14 ddns-update-style none;##将该条配置启用
||
14 ddns-update-style interim;##并将参数修改为interim
=============删除以下两行===============
27 subnet 10.152.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
28 }
======================================
30 subnet 172.25.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
31 range 172.25.254.240 172.25.254.244;
32 option routers 172.25.254.219;
33 }
34
35 key tbr {##修改key名称为tbr
36 algorithm hmac-md5;##默认使用hmac-md5加密
37 secret +dqtFZtEFN+NGp/2rRHJOQ==;##将密码修改为之前的key值
38 };
39
40 zone tbr.com. {##修改zone的名称为tbr.com.
41 primary 127.0.0.1;##默认使用环回口进行通信
42 key tbr;##使用的key为tbr
43 }
========================================
##上述补充的内容可以通过下面的方式查询：
[[email protected] ~]# man 5 dhcpd.conf
/dns##搜索关键字dns
========================================
[[email protected] named]# systemctl start dhcpd##启动服务
测试：
172.25.254.119主机：
修改为DHCP获取地址：（不做详细描述）
[[email protected] Desktop]# hostname
station.domain19.example.com
[[email protected] Desktop]#
hostnamectl set-hostname music.tbr.com
[[email protected] Desktop]#reoot
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart network
[[email protected] ~]# ifconfig
inet 172.25.254.241 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.25.254.255
[[email protected] ~]# dig music.tbr.com
;; ANSWER SECTION:
music.tbr.com.300INA172.25.254.241
去修改Master端的/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf中的ip范围为172.25.254.242 172.25.254.244，再
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart network
[[email protected] ~]# ifconfig
inet 172.25.254.241 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.25.254.255
[[email protected] ~]# dig music.tbr.com
;; ANSWER SECTION:
music.tbr.com.300INA172.25.254.242
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