Nginx入门篇之虚拟主机配置

Posted 2020-12-04 Linux系统运维之路

• 一、虚拟主机概念

　　所谓虚拟主机，在Web服务当中就是一个独立的网站站点，这个站点对应独立的域名（也有可能是IP或者端口），具有独立的程序和资源目录，可以独立地对外提供服务供用户访问。

　　这个独立的站点在配置里是由一定格式的标签进行标记，和apache相对比，apache的虚拟主机的标签段通常是以<VirtualHost></VirtualHost>进行标注的，而nginx则是以Server{}标签段来标示一个虚拟主机。一个Web服务中支持多个虚拟主机站点。

• 二、虚拟主机类型

和apache一样，虚拟主机主要有3种：

（1）基于域名的虚拟主机

（2）基于端口的虚拟主机

（3）基于IP的虚拟主机

• 三、三种虚拟主机类型配置演练

（1）基于域名域名的虚拟主机配置

（1）修改主配置文件nginx.conf，加载虚拟主机配置
[root@localhost conf]# grep -Ev "^$|#" nginx.conf
user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  \'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" \'
                      \'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" \'
                      \'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"\';
    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/*.conf;　　#包含虚拟主机配置
}

（2）创建虚拟主机配置文件，并增加虚拟主机
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir vhosts && cd vhosts/
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim www.abc.org.conf
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.abc.org;
        root /vhosts/html/www;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
[root@localhost vhosts]# cp www.abc.org.conf bbs.abc.org.conf
[root@localhost vhosts]# cp www.abc.org.conf blog.abc.org.conf
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim bbs.abc.org.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name bbs.abc.org;
        root /vhosts/html/bbs;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim blog.abc.org.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name blog.abc.org;
        root /vhosts/html/blog;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
}

（3）创建虚拟主机主页
[root@localhost vhosts]# mkdir /vhosts/html/{www,bbs,blog}
[root@localhost vhosts]# echo "welcome to www.abc.org" >> /vhosts/html/www/index.html
[root@localhost vhosts]# echo "welcome to bbs.abc.org" >> /vhosts/html/bbs/index.html
[root@localhost vhosts]# echo "welcome to blog.abc.org" >> /vhosts/html/blog/index.html

（4）检查语法，重载nginx
[root@localhost vhosts]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost vhosts]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

windows下做hosts解析

192.168.56.11  www.abc.org bbs.abc.org blog.abc.org  分别访问

（2）基于端口的虚拟主机配置

（1）修改bbs和blog站点监听端口
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim bbs.abc.org.conf 
listen 8081;
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim blog.abc.org.conf 
listen 8082
[root@localhost vhosts]# export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/:$PATH

（2）检查语法，重载nginx
[root@localhost vhosts]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost vhosts]# nginx -s reload

（3）测试访问页面
[root@localhost ~]# curl www.abc.org
welcome to www.abc.org
[root@localhost ~]# curl bbs.abc.org:8081
welcome to bbs.abc.org
[root@localhost ~]# curl blog.abc.org:8082
welcome to blog.abc.org

以上端口可以随意更改，但是不能和已有服务冲突，原则上应该是大于1024小于65535的任意端口

（3）基于IP的虚拟主机配置

（1）增加虚拟网卡eth0:0和eth0:1
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.56.110/24 up
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.56.111/24 up
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:0
eth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.110  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        ether 00:0c:29:ce:31:fd  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:1
eth0:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.111  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        ether 00:0c:29:ce:31:fd  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

（2）修改虚拟主机配置server_name为ip访问
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim bbs.abc.org.conf 
listen 8081;
server_name 192.168.56.110;
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim blog.abc.org.conf 
listen 8082;
server_name 192.168.56.111;

（3）检测语法，重载nginx，测试访问
[root@localhost vhosts]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost vhosts]# nginx -s reload
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.56.110:8081/
welcome to bbs.abc.org
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.56.111:8082/
welcome to blog.abc.org