nginx rewrite 踩坑
Posted biglittleant
tags:
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nginx rewrite 500的故障
今天遇到的一个问题 当访问 www.biglittleant.cn/mall 返回500,当访问 www.biglittleant.cn/mall/返回正常的页面。
我们来还原一下当时的情况
nginx配置文件如下:
# cat的多行内容有$等特殊字符时,须利用转义字符cat >www.biglittleant.cn.conf<<EOF
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.biglittleant.cn;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
rewrite ^/mall(.*)$ $1 last;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
error_log logs/www.biglittleant.cn.error.log debug;
}
EOF
重启一下nginx
/data/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
/data/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
发起测试看看结果
[root@linux-node1 conf.d11:08:25]#curl -I http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall -x 192.168.56.11:80
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 03:08:35 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 537
Connection: close
ETag: "5d5e5679-219"
[root@linux-node1 conf.d11:08:35]#curl -I http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall/ -x 192.168.56.11:80
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 03:09:34 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 08:46:49 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5d5e5679-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall 返回500,同时error日志中增加了一行记录
the rewritten URI has a zero length, client: 192.168.56.11, server: www.biglittleant.cn, request: "HEAD http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall HTTP/1.1", host: "www.biglittleant.cn"
通过日志分析可以发现是因为(.*) 没有匹配到任何内容导致的报错。
2020/04/30 11:08:35 [debug] 103857#0: *51 http script regex: "^/mall(.*)$"
2020/04/30 11:08:35 [notice] 103857#0: *51 "^/mall(.*)$" matches "/mall", client: 192.168.56.11, server: www.biglittleant.cn, request: "HEAD http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall HTTP/1.1", host: "www.biglittleant.cn"
2020/04/30 11:08:35 [debug] 103857#0: *51 http script capture: ""
2020/04/30 11:08:35 [debug] 103857#0: *51 http script regex end
2020/04/30 11:08:35 [notice] 103857#0: *51 rewritten data: "", args: "", client: 192.168.56.11, server: www.biglittleant.cn, request: "HEAD http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall HTTP/1.1", host: "www.biglittleant.cn"
2020/04/30 11:08:35 [error] 103857#0: *51 the rewritten URI has a zero length, client: 192.168.56.11, server: www.biglittleant.cn, request: "HEAD http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall HTTP/1.1", host: "www.biglittleant.cn"
2020/04/30 11:09:34 [debug] 103857#0: *52 http script regex: "^/mall(.*)$"
2020/04/30 11:09:34 [notice] 103857#0: *52 "^/mall(.*)$" matches "/mall/", client: 192.168.56.11, server: www.biglittleant.cn, request: "HEAD http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall/ HTTP/1.1", host: "www.biglittleant.cn"
2020/04/30 11:09:34 [debug] 103857#0: *52 http script capture: "/"
2020/04/30 11:09:34 [debug] 103857#0: *52 http script regex end
2020/04/30 11:09:34 [notice] 103857#0: *52 rewritten data: "/", args: "", client: 192.168.56.11, server: www.biglittleant.cn, request: "HEAD http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall/ HTTP/1.1", host: "www.biglittleant.cn"
解决办法1
将location给规范起来,让只有/mall/的访问才能去rewrite。
# cat的多行内容有$等特殊字符时,须利用转义字符cat >www.biglittleant.cn.conf<<EOF
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.biglittleant.cn;
location /mall/ {
rewrite ^/mall(.*)$ $1 last;
}
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
error_log logs/www.biglittleant.cn.error.log debug;
}
EOF
[root@linux-node1 conf.d11:25:23]#curl -I http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall -x 192.168.56.11:80
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 03:25:27 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive
[root@linux-node1 conf.d11:25:27]#curl -I http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall/ -x 192.168.56.11:80
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 03:25:35 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 08:46:49 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5d5e5679-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
通过日志可以看到,由于没有命中 /mall/ 所以走了默认的 / 协议,自然就不会在报500的错误了。
2020/04/30 11:25:27 [debug] 104724#0: *57 test location: "/"
2020/04/30 11:25:27 [debug] 104724#0: *57 test location: "mall/"
2020/04/30 11:25:27 [debug] 104724#0: *57 test location: "50x.html"
2020/04/30 11:25:27 [debug] 104724#0: *57 using configuration "/"
2020/04/30 11:25:27 [error] 104724#0: *57 open() "/data/app/nginx-1.12.1/html/mall" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 192.168.56.11, server: www.biglittleant.cn, request: "HEAD http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall HTTP/1.1", host: "www.biglittleant.cn"
解决办法二
找到真实的需求,然后重新规划。
其实开发的需求是希望 访问 /mall 很访问 /mall/ 都能访问的目录中的index, 那这种情况,我们可以使用 try_files 来优化,配置如下:
# cat的多行内容有$等特殊字符时,须利用转义字符cat >www.biglittleant.cn.conf<<EOF
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.biglittleant.cn;
location /mall {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
error_log logs/www.biglittleant.cn.error.log debug;
}
EOF
[root@linux-node1 conf.d11:29:51]#curl -I http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall/ -x 192.168.56.11:80
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 03:29:53 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 08:46:49 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5d5e5679-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
[root@linux-node1 conf.d11:29:53]#curl -I http://www.biglittleant.cn/mall -x 192.168.56.11:80
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 03:29:58 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 08:46:49 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5d5e5679-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
分析: 通过日志可以看到,当前两个都没有命中的时候,会就url 替换成/index.html 然后重新走location匹配,命中了/ 然后返回了200.
2020/04/30 11:29:58 [debug] 104927#0: *61 http script var: "/mall"
2020/04/30 11:29:58 [debug] 104927#0: *61 trying to use file: "/mall" "/data/app/nginx-1.12.1/html/mall"
2020/04/30 11:29:58 [debug] 104927#0: *61 http script var: "/mall"
2020/04/30 11:29:58 [debug] 104927#0: *61 trying to use dir: "/mall" "/data/app/nginx-1.12.1/html/mall"
2020/04/30 11:29:58 [debug] 104927#0: *61 trying to use file: "/index.html" "/data/app/nginx-1.12.1/html/index.html"
2020/04/30 11:29:58 [debug] 104927#0: *61 internal redirect: "/index.html?"
2020/04/30 11:29:58 [debug] 104927#0: *61 rewrite phase: 1
2020/04/30 11:29:58 [debug] 104927#0: *61 test location: "/"
2020/04/30 11:29:58 [debug] 104927#0: *61 test location: "mall"
2020/04/30 11:29:58 [debug] 104927#0: *61 test location: "50x.html"
2020/04/30 11:29:58 [debug] 104927#0: *61 using configuration "/"
2020/04/30 11:29:58 [debug] 104927#0: *61 http filename: "/data/app/nginx-1.12.1/html/index.html"
遇到的问题
刚开始测试的时候 使用的是cat 重定向写入文件,cat 会将$1 给转义掉。导致测试结果不准确。
cat >www.biglittleant.cn.conf<<EOF
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.biglittleant.cn;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
rewrite ^/mall(.*)$ $1 last;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
error_log logs/www.biglittleant.cn.error.log debug;
}
EOF
diff www.biglittleant.cn.conf www.biglittleant.cn.conf.bak
5c5
< rewrite ^/mall(.*)$ last;
---
> rewrite ^/mall(.*)$ $1 last;
解决办法:
cat的多行内容有$等特殊字符时,须利用转义字符。
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