APIView和View的区别
Posted jiangcw
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前言
django中编辑视图views.py有两种方式,一种是基于类的实现,另外一种是函数式的实现方式,两种方法都可以用。
REST框架提供了一个APIView类,它是Django View类的子类。
View与APIView的区别
View
是Django默认的视图基类,APIView
是REST framework提供的所有视图的基类, 继承自Django的View
。
APIView
与View
的不同之处在于:
- 传入到视图方法中的是REST framework的Request对象,而不是Django的HttpRequeset对象;
- 视图方法可以返回REST framework的Response对象,视图会为响应数据设置(render)符合前端要求的格式;
- 任何APIException异常都会被捕获到,并且处理成合适的响应信息;APIException异常捕获
- 在进行dispatch()分发前,会对请求进行身份认证、权限检查、流量控制。
django的View部分源码
class View: """ Intentionally simple parent class for all views. Only implements dispatch-by-method and simple sanity checking. """ http_method_names = [‘get‘, ‘post‘, ‘put‘, ‘patch‘, ‘delete‘, ‘head‘, ‘options‘, ‘trace‘] def __init__(self, **kwargs): """ Constructor. Called in the URLconf; can contain helpful extra keyword arguments, and other things. """ # Go through keyword arguments, and either save their values to our # instance, or raise an error. for key, value in kwargs.items(): setattr(self, key, value)
REST framework的APIView
继承了django的View
,部分源码如下
class APIView(View): # The following policies may be set at either globally, or per-view. renderer_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES parser_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES authentication_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES throttle_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES permission_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES content_negotiation_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS metadata_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_METADATA_CLASS versioning_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS # Allow dependency injection of other settings to make testing easier. settings = api_settings schema = DefaultSchema()
APIView
多了一些属性和方法,比如:身份认证、权限检查、流量控制
- authentication_classes 身份认证
- permission_classes 权限检查
- throttle_classes 流量控制
django的View
先使用django自带的view,获取一个Card表里面的卡号信息:
models.py设计card表
# models.py class Card(models.Model): ‘‘‘银行卡 基本信息 # 作者:JAY,QQ交流群:123456789‘‘‘ card_id = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name="卡号", default="") card_user = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name="姓名", default="") add_time = models.DateField(auto_now=True, verbose_name="添加时间") class Meta: verbose_name_plural = ‘银行卡账户‘ verbose_name = "银行卡账户_基本信息" def __str__(self): return self.card_id
views.py视图的编写
from django.http import JsonResponse from rest_framework import serializers from django.core import serializers as dj_serializers # 避免和rest_framework里面的serializers冲突 from .models import * from django.views.generic.base import View import json # 作者:上海悠悠,QQ交流群:750815713 class CardListView(View): ‘‘‘基于django的view实现获取card列表‘‘‘ def get(self, request): data = {} cards = Card.objects.all() data[‘result‘] = json.loads(dj_serializers.serialize("json", cards)) return JsonResponse(data)
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