CentOS7安装及配置Nginx服务
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nginx是CentOS中最常用的HTTP服务程序之一,以下针对CentOS7下Nginx二进制包安装、编译安装两个场景分别予以说明。
一、二进制包安装方式
在安装CentOS7时选择同时安装Nginx或者后来通过yum命令安装Nginx应用,得到的Nginx的安装路径、默认配置都是一样的,并且已经配置好Nginx服务,可通过如命令查看Nginx相关进程:
ps -ef | grep nginx
并可通过systemctl xx命令管理Nginx服务(xx命令可以是:enable-开机自动启动,disable-开机不自动启动,start-启动,status-查看状态,stop-停止),例如启动Nginx服务:
systemctl start nginx
查看版本,执行:
nginx -V
查看Nginx的服务信息,包括二进制、配置文件路径,执行如下命令:
systemctl status nginx
结果显示:
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Wed 2018-07-04 22:13:33 CST; 50min ago Process: 964 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 914 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 909 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 966 (nginx) CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service ├─966 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx ├─967 nginx: worker process └─968 nginx: worker process Jul 04 22:13:33 centos.vm0 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server... Jul 04 22:13:33 centos.vm0 nginx[914]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok Jul 04 22:13:33 centos.vm0 nginx[914]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful Jul 04 22:13:33 centos.vm0 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
只查看配置文件路径,可通过命令:
nginx -t
结果显示:
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
二、编译安装方式
1、准备源码包到服务器目录
可从Nginx的网站(http://nginx.org/en/download.html) 下载与当前CentOS7配套的源码包(例如nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz),然后上传到CentOS7服务器,并解压,例如:
tar -zxvf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
2、检查gcc
执行如下命令:
gcc --version
如果报错,说明未安装gcc,需先通过如下命令安装gcc
yum install gcc
3、检查PCRE
进入到解压后的源码目录:
cd nginx-1.14.0/
执行configure命令:
./configure
如果configure失败,如果是缺少目录,需根据目录名并补充创建缺少的目录,如果是缺少PCRE库,通过如下命令安装PCRE依赖库:
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl--devel pcre pcre-devel
4、正常编译及安装Nginx
在解压后的源码目录,为了确保执行正常,请以root身份依次执行如下命令:
./configure make make install
以上操作后Nginx将被安装在/usr/local/nginx目录下
5、普通方式启动Nginx程序
进入/usr/local/nginx/sbin目录下:
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
执行:
./nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
注:上述可选参数-c后面指定了/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf为配置文件
6、普通方式停止Nginx程序
进入/usr/local/nginx/sbin目录后,如立即停止Nginx并退出,可执行:
./nginx -s stop
如优雅停止Nginx并退出,可执行
./nginx -s quit
7、重新加载nginx.conf配置文件
进入/usr/local/nginx/sbin目录后,执行:
./nginx -s reload
8、将Nginx配置服务可以通过systemctl操作的服务
CentOS7的服务systemctl脚本存放在:/usr/lib/systemd/,有系统(system)和用户(user)之分,需要开机不登陆就能运行的程序,存在系统服务里,即:/usr/lib/systemd/system目录下.
CentOS7的每一个服务以.service结尾,一般会分为3部分:[Unit]、[Service]和[Install],对Nginx服务,通过vi命令打开服务配置:
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
配置文件nginx.service的内容示例如下:
[Unit] Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid # Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong # SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline. # ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginxExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID KillSignal=SIGQUIT TimeoutStopSec=5 KillMode=process PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
建议在修改之前,如果旧的文件已经存在,可以先做好备份,例如:
cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service /usr/local/nginx/nginx.service.bak
之后将nginx.service内容中的路径修改为正确的路径即可,例如:
[Unit] Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid # Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong # SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline. # ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID KillSignal=SIGQUITTimeoutStopSec=5 KillMode=process PrivateTmp=true [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target
注:pid文件的路径,在编译安装的情况下,默认位置一般为/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid(即nginx.conf中不设置pid路径时的情况),在二进制包安装方式下,默认位置一般为/run/nginx.pid(相应的nginx.conf中有一行pid /run/nginx.pid;),这个位置在/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service中配置需与nginx.conf文件中的保持一致;
之后需要检查Nginx目录下的相关权限:
[[email protected] hnl]# cd /usr/local/nginx [[email protected] nginx]# ls client_body_temp conf fastcgi_temp html logs proxy_temp sbin scgi_temp uwsgi_temp [[email protected] nginx]# ll total 4 drwx------. 2 nobody root 6 Jul 4 22:43 client_body_temp drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 5 00:45 conf drwx------. 2 nobody root 6 Jul 4 22:43 fastcgi_temp drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 40 Jul 4 22:43 html drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 58 Jul 5 01:11 logs drwx------. 2 nobody root 6 Jul 4 22:43 proxy_temp dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 19 Jul 4 22:43 sbin drwx------. 2 nobody root 6 Jul 4 22:43 scgi_temp drwx------. 2 nobody root 6 Jul 4 22:43 uwsgi_temp [[email protected] nginx]# ll sbin total 3660 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3746616 Jul 4 22:43 nginx
为了配置服务自动启动,执行
sysemctl enable nginx
然后重启CentOS,重启完成后,参考一中的命令检查Nginx的运行情况:
ps -ef |grep nginx systemctl status nginx
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