项目开发完毕后,需要将代码放到服务器上,这样用户才能访问。接下来我们一步一步来进行一波部署操作。
1. 简单粗暴
项目开发完毕,在部署之前需要再配置文件中将 ALLOWED_HOSTS配置设置为:当前服务器IP或*,如:
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*",]
示例源码:猛击下载
然后将源码上传至服务器指定目录,如:/data/ ,然后执行命令来运行:
注: 上传命令: scp /Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/oldboy-1.zip [email protected]:/data/
解压,进入目录并执行以下命令:
python3 mange.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
2. uwsgi
Django框架运行依赖wsgi(本质提供socket服务端),众多模块实现了wsgi规范,而django框架中默认使用wsigiref模块来实现,他由于性能比较低,所以用于本地开发和测试,而线上部署时需要使用uwsgi来代替。
a. 在服务器上安装uwsgi
pip3 install uwsgi
b. 单文件使用uwsgi
在服务器上编写一个Python文件:
def application(env, start_response):
start_response(‘200 OK‘, [(‘Content-Type‘,‘text/html‘)])
return [b"Hello World"]
在服务器上执行命令启动Web服务器:
uwsgi --http :9001 --wsgi-file app.py
# 或
uwsgi --http :9002 --wsgi-file foobar.py --master --processes 4
访问查看即可:
c. django程序使用uwsgi
将开发好的django程序拷贝到服务器目录【同示例一】,即:/data/oldboy ,执行命令启动:
uwsgi --http :9005 --chdir /data/oldboy/ --wsgi-file oldboy/wsgi.py --master --processes 4
配置文件的形式启动uwsgi
1. 创建配置文件 oldboy.ini
[uwsgi]
http = 0.0.0.0:9005
chdir = /data/oldboy/
wsgi-file = oldboy/wsgi.py
processes = 4
static-map = /static=/data/oldboy/allstatic
2. 根据配置文件启动uwsgi
uwsigi --ini oldboy.ini
PS: 如果有虚拟环境可以添加上虚拟环境路径配置: virtualenv = /env/oldboy_venv
此时访问时,会出现找不到静态文件的错误。
想要uwsgi处理静态文件,需要先将django的静态文件收集到制定目录,然后再设置对应关系。
- 收集django静态文件
在django的配置文件中添加:STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"allstatic")
执行 python3 manage.py collectstatic 命令,至此django项目所有相关静态文件都会收集到制定目录。
- 设置uwsgi静态文件对应关系
uwsgi --http :9005 --chdir /data/oldboy/ --wsgi-file oldboy/wsgi.py --master --processes 4 --static-map /static=/data/oldboy/allstatic
访问地址,即可看到你的女朋友们了....
3. nginx
利用Nginx做反向代理、负载均衡以及处理静态文件。
a. 安装Nginx
yum install nginx
b. 配置nginx
示例配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user root;
worker_processes 4;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
upstream django {
server 127.0.0.1:8001;
# server 192.1.123.1;
}
server {
listen 80;
charset utf-8;
# max upload size
client_max_body_size 75M;
location /static {
alias /data/oldboy/allstatic;
}
location / {
uwsgi_pass django;
include uwsgi_params;
}
}
}
确保nginx配置文件目录下有uwsgi_params文件(默认)
c. 配置uwsgi
为了确保让所有请求均通过80端口来访问网站,将uwsgi的配置文件修改为:
[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:9005
chdir = /data/oldboy/
wsgi-file = oldboy/wsgi.py
processes = 4
logto = /tmp/oldboy.log
d. 启动uwsgi和nginx
uwsgi --ini /data/oldboy/oldboy.ini &
/etc/init.d/nginx start
3. supervisor
supervisor是一个对进程管理的软件,可以帮助我们启动uwsgi并维护(uwsgi进程关闭时,自动将其启动起来)。
a. 安装
yum install supervisor
b. 配置 vim /etc/supervisor.conf
[supervisord]
http_port=/var/tmp/supervisor.sock ; (default is to run a UNIX domain socket server)
;http_port=127.0.0.1:9001 ; (alternately, ip_address:port specifies AF_INET)
;sockchmod=0700 ; AF_UNIX socketmode (AF_INET ignore, default 0700)
;sockchown=nobody.nogroup ; AF_UNIX socket uid.gid owner (AF_INET ignores)
;umask=022 ; (process file creation umask;default 022)
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/supervisord.log ; (main log file;default $CWD/supervisord.log)
logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; (max main logfile bytes b4 rotation;default 50MB)
logfile_backups=10 ; (num of main logfile rotation backups;default 10)
loglevel=info ; (logging level;default info; others: debug,warn)
pidfile=/var/run/supervisord.pid ; (supervisord pidfile;default supervisord.pid)
nodaemon=false ; (start in foreground if true;default false)
minfds=1024 ; (min. avail startup file descriptors;default 1024)
minprocs=200 ; (min. avail process descriptors;default 200)
;nocleanup=true ; (don‘t clean up tempfiles at start;default false)
;http_username=user ; (default is no username (open system))
;http_password=123 ; (default is no password (open system))
;childlogdir=/tmp ; (‘AUTO‘ child log dir, default $TEMP)
;user=chrism ; (default is current user, required if root)
;directory=/tmp ; (default is not to cd during start)
;environment=KEY=value ; (key value pairs to add to environment)
[supervisorctl]
serverurl=unix:///var/tmp/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL for a unix socket
;serverurl=http://127.0.0.1:9001 ; use an http:// url to specify an inet socket
;username=chris ; should be same as http_username if set
;password=123 ; should be same as http_password if set
;prompt=mysupervisor ; cmd line prompt (default "supervisor")
; The below sample program section shows all possible program subsection values,
; create one or more ‘real‘ program: sections to be able to control them under
; supervisor.
;[program:theprogramname]
;command=/bin/cat ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
;priority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999)
;autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
;autorestart=true ; retstart at unexpected quit (default: true)
;startsecs=10 ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 10)
;startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures (default 3)
;exitcodes=0,2 ; ‘expected‘ exit codes for process (default 0,2)
;stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
;stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait before SIGKILL (default 10)
;user=chrism ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
;log_stdout=true ; if true, log program stdout (default true)
;log_stderr=true ; if true, log program stderr (def false)
;logfile=/var/log/cat.log ; child log path, use NONE for none; default AUTO
;logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;logfile_backups=10 ; # of logfile backups (default 10)
[program:oldboy]
command=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi /data/oldboy/oldboy.ini ;命令
priority=999 ; 优先级(越小越优先)
autostart=true ; supervisord启动时,该程序也启动
autorestart=true ; 异常退出时,自动启动
startsecs=10 ; 启动后持续10s后未发生异常,才表示启动成功
startretries=3 ; 异常后,自动重启次数
exitcodes=0,2 ; exit异常抛出的是0、2时才认为是异常
stopsignal=QUIT ; 杀进程的信号
stopwaitsecs=10 ; 向进程发出stopsignal后等待OS向supervisord返回SIGCHILD 的时间。若超时则supervisord将使用SIGKILL杀进程
user=chrism ; 设置启动该程序的用户
log_stdout=true ; 如果为True,则记录程序日志
log_stderr=false ; 如果为True,则记录程序错误日志
logfile=/var/log/cat.log ; 程序日志路径
logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; 日志文件最大大小
logfile_backups=10 ; 日志文件最大数量
c. 启动
supervisord /etc/supervisor.conf
或
/etc/init.d/supervisor start