Nginx

Posted 2020-11-16 Outsrkem

安装

useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin nginx

yum -y install gcc* pcre pcre-devel perl perl-devel openssl openssl-devel
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx make && make install

 

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状态统计

a、安装 nginx 时将 --with-http_stub_status_module 模块开启

b、修改 nginx 配置 server 标签中添加如下内容

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
make && make install

 

location /nginx-status{
    stub_status on;
    access_log off;
}

c、客户端访问网址:http://IP/nginx_status

 

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反向代理

a、在另外一台机器上安装 apache，并填写测试页面

b、在 nginx 服务器的配置文件 server 标签中添加如下三行，ip 指向被代理的服务器

location ~ .php$ {
    proxy_pass http://192.168.99.4:80;
}

c、重启 nginx，并使用客户端访问测试

 

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负载均衡

a、使用默认的rr轮训算法，修改nginx配置文件
在server标签前添加：

upstream bbs {
    server 192.168.99.4:80;
    server 192.168.99.16:80;
}

在server标签中修改下面3行

location ~ .php$ {
    proxy_pass http://bbs;
}

添加反向代理，代理地址填写upstream声明的名字

upstream bbs {
  server 192.168.99.14:80;
  server 192.168.99.16:80;
}
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name localhost;
location / {
    root html;
    index index.php index.htm;
  }
    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = 50x.html {
    root html;
  }
  location ~ .php$ {
    proxy_pass http://bbs;
  }
  location ~ .* {
     proxy_pass http://bbs;
     proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
     proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  }

}

c、开启并设置两台99.4 & 99.16的主机
安装apache并设置不同的index.html页面内容
d、重启nginx，并使用客户端访问测试

补充：使用rr轮训算法实现加权轮询

upstream itxdl.com {
    server 192.168.88.100:80 weight=1;
    server 192.168.88.200:80 weight=2;
}

 

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 展示目录文件

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        root         /home/;               # 目录路径      
        location / {
            autoindex on;                  # 打开目录浏览功能
            autoindex_exact_size off;      # on、off：以可读的方式显示文件大小
            autoindex_localtime on;        # on、off：是否以服务器的文件时间作为显示的时间
            charset utf-8,gbk;             # 展示中文文件名
            index index.html;
        }
}

 

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http2.0

开启http2.0必须使用https协议

./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-openssl=/root/openssl-1.0.2h #指定该软件位置，且软件版本高于 1.0.1
make && make install

 创建自签证书

mkdir /usr/local/nginx/ssl
cd /usr/local/nginx/ssl
openssl genrsa -out pan.key 2048
openssl req -new -x509 -key pan.key -out pan.crt -subj /C=CN/ST=BJ/L=BJ/O=DEVOPS/CN=nginx.yong.com 

修改server区域,并实现https加密。

server {
        listen     443 ssl http2;        #固定顺序
        server_name  nginx.yong.com;
        ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/ssl/pan.crt;
        ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/ssl/pan.key;
}

 

说明：

http2.0测试方法

模板网站：https://http2.akamai.com/demo

1：chrome浏览器：下载插件：HTTP/2 and SPDY indicator
2：firefox浏览器：  下载插件：HTTP/2 and SPDY indicator 2.3

HTTP 的性能优化的关键不在于高带宽而是低延迟。
TCP 连接会随着时间进行自我协调，起初会限制连接的最大速度，如果数据传输成功，会随着时间的推移提高传输的速度。
这种调谐则被称为 TCP 慢启动，由于这种原因，让原本具有突发性和短时性的 HTTP 连接变的十分低效。
HTTP2.0 通过让所有的数据流共用一个连接，可以有效的使用 TCP 连接，让高带宽也能真正的服务性能的提升。
1、但连接多资源的方式，减少服务器的连接压力，内存占用更少，连接吞吐量更大
2、由于 TCP 连接的减少而使网络拥堵状况得以改善，同时 TCP 慢启动时间减少，使拥塞和丢包恢复速度更快

 

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配置文件

摘自Nginx 1.13.8.

user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
    #                  ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
    #                  ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache‘s document root
        # concurs with nginx‘s one
        #
        #location ~ /.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

 

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创建systenctl脚本

注意打开nginx.conf中的pid选项

cat << EOF > /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service 
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
  
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

相关命令

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx.service
systemctl status nginx.service
systemctl enable nginx.service