cobbler定制化安装Centos7.2操作系统

Posted 2020-11-08 Wolf_Dreams

1.1    定制Centos_7_x86_64.ks文件内容

# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7.2.1511 by Wolf_Dreams

# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use network installation(The starting "$" variables are all values in the call configuration file)
url --url=$tree  #引用cobbler配置文件来进行安装
# Use text mode install(graphical, text, or cmdline)
text  #采用文本方式安装
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8  #指定系统语言
# System keyboard
keyboard us  #指定键盘使用语言
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr  #清空系统主引导记录（原机器有系统）
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 rhgb quiet"  #引导启动器
# Network information
$SNIPPET(\'network_config\')
# System timezone
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai --ntpservers=ntp1.aliyun.com
# System authorization information(Use shadow passwords,set up the SHA-512 hashing)
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512  #设置认证信息
#Root password
rootpw  --iscrypted $default_password_crypted  #新装系统默认密码
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all –initlabel  #删除分区信息
# Allow manual partitioning of the system as needed(default fstype xfs or default units MB)
part /boot --fstype xfs --size 500  
part swap --size 2048
part / --fstype xfs --grow  #逻辑磁盘的所有分区都划分给根（/）分区
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
#Controls the error logging of Anaconda during installation. It has no effect on the installed system.
logging --level=info
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx  #不配置x window桌面系统
# Creates a new user group
group --name=development
# Creates a new user on the system
user --name=gandalf --groups=development --homedir=/data/gandalf --password=123456 --shell=/bin/sh
# Reboot after installation
reboot

# Pre-installation Script(The %pre script is run on the system immediately after the Kickstart file has been parsed, but before installation begins. )
%pre --log=/var/log/ks-pre.log
$SNIPPET(\'log_ks_pre\')  #调用的文件存放在/var/lib/cobbler/snippets目录下
$SNIPPET(\'kickstart_start\')  #调用kickstart开始安装
$SNIPPET(\'pre_install_network_config\')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET(\'pre_anamon\')
%end

# Package Selection(The %packages section must end with the %end command.)
%packages  #定制安装完的系统安装有什么软件包（@代表安装软件包组-代表不安装什么软件包，没有前缀代表单个软件包）
@base
@compat-libraries
@debugging
@development
net-tools
tree
lrzsz
vim
telnet
nmap
sysstat
dos2unix
iptraf
ncurses-devel
openssl-devel
zlib-devel
OpenIPMI-tools
screen
%end

# Post-installation Script(You have the option of adding commands to run on the system once the installation is complete, but before the system is rebooted for the first time)
#Logs the script\'s output into the specified log file(/var/log/ks-post.log)
%post --log=/var/log/ks-post.log
systemctl disable postfix.service
%end

# kdump configuration(enable,The amount of memory you want to reserve for kdump, in MiB)
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb=128  #开启系统崩溃转存机制kdump
%end

# Jump to local drive boot start
%post
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET(\'kickstart_done\')  #防止系统循环安装，即调用pxe_just_once=1
%end

1.2    指定Centos_7_x86_64.ks文件及调整内核net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0参数

1、切换到存放kickstarts文件目录并查看其目录所有文件

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# ls
default.ks    install_profiles  sample_autoyast.xml  sample_esxi4.ks  sample.ks
esxi4-ks.cfg  legacy.ks         sample_end.ks #默认ks文件        sample_esxi5.ks  sample_old.seed
esxi5-ks.cfg  pxerescue.ks      sample_esx4.ks       sample_esxi6.ks  sample.seed

 2、执行rz命令上传定制的Centos_7_x86_64.ks文件

[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# rz 
rz waiting to receive.
Starting zmodem transfer.  Press Ctrl+C to cancel.
Transferring Centos_7_x86_64.ks...
  100%       2 KB       2 KB/sec    00:00:01       0 Errors  

 

3、查看定制的Centos_7_x86_64.ks文件属性

[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# ls -ldh Centos_7_x86_64.ks 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.7K May 26 13:30 Centos_7_x86_64.ks

 4、查看cobbler镜像文件及profile配置文件

[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler distro list
   CentOS-6.8-x86_64
   CentOS-7-x86_64
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler profile list
   CentOS-6.8-x86_64
   CentOS-7-x86_64

 5、查看首次导入系统镜像后，安装镜像的文件信息

[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler distro report --name=CentOS-7-x86_64       
Name                           : CentOS-7-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {\'tree\': \'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS-7-x86_64\'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel7
Owners                         : [\'admin\']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}

 6、查看指定的profile设置，cobbler默认使用/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks文件

[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler profile report --name=CentOS-7-x86_64
Name                           : CentOS-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks #系统默认使用的kickstart文件
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : [\'admin\']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

 7、检查kickstart文件的完整性

[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# ksvalidator Centos_7_x86_64.ks 
The following problem occurred on line 18 of the kickstart file:

Unknown command: $SNIPPET(network_config)  #忽略该项

 8、编辑profile配置文件，修改关联的kickstart文件

[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos_7_x86_64.ks

 9、指定更改Centos7网卡名称为ethx，指定参数--kopts=\'net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0\'

[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --kopts=\'net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0\'

 10、再次查看指定的profile设置，kickstart文件/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos_7_x86_64.ks

[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler profile report --name=CentOS-7-x86_64
Name                           : CentOS-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {\'biosdevname\': \'0\', \'net.ifnames\': \'0\'}  #centos7需要设置，centos6不需要设置
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos_7_x86_64.ks #更改成指定的kickstart文件
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : [\'admin\']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler sync

1.3    定制化安装指定操作系统方法

1、查看指定服务器的MAC地址（区分不同物理服务器采用MAC地址区分）

2、指定服务器使用指定的kickstart文件

[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler system add --name=cobbler-client --mac-address=00:0C:29:97:85:40 --profile=CentOS-7-x86_64 --ip-address=172.16.0.100 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --gateway=172.16.0.1 --interface=eth0 --static=1 --hostname=cobbler-client --name-servers="114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8"
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler system list
   cobbler-client
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler sysnc

3、修改指定系统的IP地址

[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler system edit --name=cobbler-client --ip-address=172.16.0.190
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler system report --name=cobbler-client
Name                           : cobbler-client
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
Enable gPXE?                   : <<inherit>>
Fetchable Files                : {}
Gateway                        : 172.16.0.1
Hostname                       : cobbler-client
Image                          : 
IPv6 Autoconfiguration         : False
IPv6 Default Device            : 
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : <<inherit>>
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
LDAP Enabled                   : False
LDAP Management Type           : authconfig
Management Classes             : <<inherit>>
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Monit Enabled                  : False
Name Servers                   : [\'114.114.114.114\', \'8.8.8.8\']
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Netboot Enabled                : True
Owners                         : <<inherit>>
Power Management Address       : 
Power Management ID            : 
Power Management Password      : 
Power Management Type          : ipmitool
Power Management Username      : 
Profile                        : CentOS-7-x86_64
Internal proxy                 : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos Enabled                  : False
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Status                         : production
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : <<inherit>>
Virt CPUs                      : <<inherit>>
Virt Disk Driver Type          : <<inherit>>
Virt File Size(GB)             : <<inherit>>
Virt Path                      : <<inherit>>
Virt PXE Boot                  : 0
Virt RAM (MB)                  : <<inherit>>
Virt Type                      : <<inherit>>
Interface =====                : eth0
Bonding Opts                   : 
Bridge Opts                    : 
CNAMES                         : []
InfiniBand Connected Mode      : False
DHCP Tag                       : 
DNS Name                       : 
Per-Interface Gateway          : 
Master Interface               : 
Interface Type                 : 
IP Address                     : 172.16.0.190
IPv6 Address                   : 
IPv6 Default Gateway           : 
IPv6 MTU                       : 
IPv6 Prefix                    : 
IPv6 Secondaries               : []
IPv6 Static Routes             : []
MAC Address                    : 00:0C:29:97:85:40
Management Interface           : False
MTU                            : 
Subnet Mask                    : 255.255.255.0
Static                         : True
Static Routes                  : []
Virt Bridge                    : 

[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler sync

4、开启服务器自动安装指定的操作系统

5、操作系统安装完成后进行基本验证

定制kickstart文件的语法参考网址

CentOS7:https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/installation_guide/sect-kickstart-syntax#sect-kickstart-commands
Centos6:https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/installation_guide/s1-kickstart2-options