如何使用PXE自动安装Linux

Posted 2020-11-07

准备：
1，在VMware中安装了一个CentOS63（CentOS6.4系统，IP : 192.168.202.131）
2，在VMware中创建了一个CentOS65（空机器，未装操作系统）
3，CentOS镜像文件挂载在CentOS63的/media/CentOS_6.4_Final位置

操作步骤：

一，配置DHCP

1，安装dhcpd
yum install dhcp

2，修改dhcp配置文件/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
subnet 192.168.202.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.202.200 192.168.202.220;
option routers 192.168.202.131;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server 192.168.202.131;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}

3，启动dhcpd
chkconfig --add dhcpd
service dhcpd start

使用命令可以看到dhcpd绑定了多个端口
[[email protected] init.d]# netstat -anp | grep dhcpd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0: 3266/dhcpd
raw 0 0 0.0.0.0:1 0.0.0.0: 7 3266/dhcpd
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 18034 3266/dhcpd
注意：第2行raw表示绑定在ICMP协议上，协议号为1

二，配置TFTP

4，安装TFTP
yum install tftp-server

5，修改tftpd配置文件/etc/xinetd.d/tftp，ftp根目录为/var/lib/tftpboot
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}

6，启动tftp服务（端口69）
/etc/init.d/xinetd restart

三，配置引导内核

7，下载pxe引导配置文件
yum install syslinux
cp rpm -ql syslinux | grep ‘/pxelinux.0‘ /var/lib/tftpboot

8，拷贝网络启动的内核文件
cp /media/CentOS_6.4_Final/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
cp /media/CentOS_6.4_Final/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

修改default文件：

default linux
prompt 1
timeout 60

display boot.msg

menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.4!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000

label linux
menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append ks=http://192.168.202.131/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img

四，配置kickstart

9，安装nginx，根目录/usr/local/nginx/html
yum install nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
service nginx start

10，拷贝操作系统源文件
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/dvd
cp -R /media/CentOS_6.4_Final/* /usr/local/nginx/html/dvd/

11，下载kickstart
yum install system-config-kickstart
cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg /usr/local/nginx/html/ks.cfg
chmod 755 /usr/local/nginx/html/ks.cfg （不分配权限，外部无法通过http访问，会报403）

修改ks.cfg:
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL

Firewall configuration

firewall --disabled

Install OS instead of upgrade

install

Use text install

text

Use network installation

url --url="http://192.168.202.131/dvd"

Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $1$.IvWB.Gl$E4fI4Ez4Z8HyHRCZW5Btr0

System authorization information

auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512

Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --reconfig

System keyboard

keyboard us

System language

lang zh_CN.UTF-8

SELinux configuration

selinux --enforcing

Installation logging level

logging --level=info

System timezone

timezone Asia/Shanghai

Network information

network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=yes

System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr

Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr

Partition clearing information

clearpart --all

Disk partitioning information

part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=1000
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1

Reboot after installation

reboot

%packages
@base br/>@core
gcc
%end

五，验证

12，修改CentOS65虚拟配置文件CentOS65.vmx，增加一行bios.bootDelay= "10000"，即表示在启动bios的时候停留10秒（否则你根本来不及按任何键的）
给CentOS65加电（打开Power），按Esc选择从Network启动
Good luck!!!!