HTML中的事件属性要怎么理解??
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参考技术A 就是当用户操作一个 html 元素(如按钮,文本框,选择框等)时,触发某种事件(如点击事件onclick、值变化事件onchange等),从而启动一段 javascript动作。常用的事件有几类:
1. 窗口事件,如onload(当页面被载入时执行),onunload;
2. 表单元素事件,如onchange, onsubmit,onreset,onselect,onblur,onfocus;
3. 键盘事件,如onkeydown,onkeypress,onkeyup;
4. 鼠标事件,如onclick, ondbclick,onmousedown, onmouseup,onmouseover,onmouseout,onmousemove;
举个小例子:按钮被点击时触发弹出一个告警框。
<input type="button" name="button1" value="点击试试" onclick="window.alert('让你点你就点啊?')"/>
这里的onclick="javascript函数()"就是HTML的事件属性。
有问题再问吧。
理解Struts2的Action中的setter方法是怎么工作的
接触过webwork和Struts2的同行都应该知道,
提交表单的时候,只要Action中的属性有setter 方法,这些表单数据就可以正确赋值到Action中属性里;
另外对于Spring配置文件中声明的bean,也可以在Action中声明setter 方法将其注入到Action实例中。
那么现在要研究:这些是怎么工作的呢?
(1)提交表单时的参数
在struts2-core-2.3.1.2.jar压缩包内的struts-default.xml配置文件中有这个配置:
<interceptor name="params" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor"/>
这个拦截器是负责解析请求中的URL参数,并赋值给action中对应的属性
来看代码:
- //com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.java
- //主要代码如下:
- //...
- @Override
- public String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
- Object action = invocation.getAction();
- if (!(action instanceof NoParameters)) {
- ActionContext ac = invocation.getInvocationContext();
- final Map<String, Object> parameters = retrieveParameters(ac);
- if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
- LOG.debug("Setting params " + getParameterLogMap(parameters));
- }
- if (parameters != null) {
- Map<String, Object> contextMap = ac.getContextMap();
- try {
- ReflectionContextState.setCreatingNullObjects(contextMap, true);
- ReflectionContextState.setDenyMethodExecution(contextMap, true);
- ReflectionContextState.setReportingConversionErrors(contextMap, true);
- ValueStack stack = ac.getValueStack();
- setParameters(action, stack, parameters);
- } finally {
- ReflectionContextState.setCreatingNullObjects(contextMap, false);
- ReflectionContextState.setDenyMethodExecution(contextMap, false);
- ReflectionContextState.setReportingConversionErrors(contextMap, false);
- }
- }
- }
- return invocation.invoke();
- }
- protected void setParameters(Object action, ValueStack stack, final Map<String, Object> parameters) {
- ParameterNameAware parameterNameAware = (action instanceof ParameterNameAware)
- ? (ParameterNameAware) action : null;
- Map<String, Object> params;
- Map<String, Object> acceptableParameters;
- if (ordered) {
- params = new TreeMap<String, Object>(getOrderedComparator());
- acceptableParameters = new TreeMap<String, Object>(getOrderedComparator());
- params.putAll(parameters);
- } else {
- params = new TreeMap<String, Object>(parameters);
- acceptableParameters = new TreeMap<String, Object>();
- }
- for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : params.entrySet()) {
- String name = entry.getKey();
- boolean acceptableName = acceptableName(name)
- && (parameterNameAware == null
- || parameterNameAware.acceptableParameterName(name));
- if (acceptableName) {
- acceptableParameters.put(name, entry.getValue());
- }
- }
- ValueStack newStack = valueStackFactory.createValueStack(stack);
- boolean clearableStack = newStack instanceof ClearableValueStack;
- if (clearableStack) {
- //if the stack‘s context can be cleared, do that to prevent OGNL
- //from having access to objects in the stack, see XW-641
- ((ClearableValueStack)newStack).clearContextValues();
- Map<String, Object> context = newStack.getContext();
- ReflectionContextState.setCreatingNullObjects(context, true);
- ReflectionContextState.setDenyMethodExecution(context, true);
- ReflectionContextState.setReportingConversionErrors(context, true);
- //keep locale from original context
- context.put(ActionContext.LOCALE, stack.getContext().get(ActionContext.LOCALE));
- }
- boolean memberAccessStack = newStack instanceof MemberAccessValueStack;
- if (memberAccessStack) {
- //block or allow access to properties
- //see WW-2761 for more details
- MemberAccessValueStack accessValueStack = (MemberAccessValueStack) newStack;
- accessValueStack.setAcceptProperties(acceptParams);
- accessValueStack.setExcludeProperties(excludeParams);
- }
- for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : acceptableParameters.entrySet()) {
- String name = entry.getKey();
- Object value = entry.getValue();
- try {
- newStack.setParameter(name, value);
- } catch (RuntimeException e) {
- if (devMode) {
- String developerNotification = LocalizedTextUtil.findText(ParametersInterceptor.class, "devmode.notification", ActionContext.getContext().getLocale(), "Developer Notification:\n{0}", new Object[]{
- "Unexpected Exception caught setting ‘" + name + "‘ on ‘" + action.getClass() + ": " + e.getMessage()
- });
- LOG.error(developerNotification);
- if (action instanceof ValidationAware) {
- ((ValidationAware) action).addActionMessage(developerNotification);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- if (clearableStack && (stack.getContext() != null) && (newStack.getContext() != null))
- stack.getContext().put(ActionContext.CONVERSION_ERRORS, newStack.getContext().get(ActionContext.CONVERSION_ERRORS));
- addParametersToContext(ActionContext.getContext(), acceptableParameters);
- }
- //...
上面的代码ValueStack stack = ac.getValueStack();
表明,它是从当前Action上下文获取值栈(其实就类似一个全局Map集合,用来存储参数值或struts上下文全局变量),
然后由判断如果是当前action可以接受的参数(Action中有setter方法)就过滤出来,
调用这句“newStack.setParameter(name, value); ”来保存到值栈中,
保存到了值栈中其实action实例的属性就能拿到值了。
最后一句“addParametersToContext(ActionContext.getContext(), acceptableParameters); ”
表明它还把这些过滤出来的参数保存到了ActionContext上下文中,
这样,如果跳转的类型是forward(服务器内部重定向),
目标url中就会带上上次请求的url的所有有用的参数。
(2) Spring配置bean注入到Action中
来看一个简单的Action类:
- package com.liany.demo.pubs.org.employee.action;
- import java.util.List;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
- import com.liany.demo.pubs.org.employee.model.Employee;
- import com.liany.demo.pubs.org.employee.service.EmployeeService;
- public class EmployeeAction extends ActionSupport{
- private EmployeeService employeeService;
- private List list;
- private Employee employee = new Employee();
- public StringReader getStringReader() {
- StringReader is = null;
- try {
- is = new StringReader(xmlBuf.toString());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return is;
- }
- public Employee getEmployee() {
- return employee;
- }
- public void setEmployee(Employee employee) {
- this.employee = employee;
- }
- public List getList() {
- return list;
- }
- public void setEmployeeService(EmployeeService employeeService) {
- this.employeeService = employeeService;
- }
- public String execute(){
- //列表
- list = this.employeeService.getEmployees();
- return "list";
- }
- public String view(){
- employee = this.employeeService.getEmployeeById(employee.getId());
- return "view";
- }
- public String edit(){
- if(employee.getId()!=null){
- //修改
- employee = this.employeeService.getEmployeeById(employee.getId());
- }else{
- //新增
- employee.setId(null);
- }
- return "input";
- }
- public String save(){
- this.employeeService.saveEmployee(employee);
- return "repage";
- }
- public String delete(){
- this.employeeService.deleteEmployeeById(employee.getId());
- return "repage";
- }
- }
上面Action中的employeeService对象其实是在Spring配置文件中声明的bean,
代码中给它定义一个public的setEmployeeService()方法,这样就可以将bean实例注入到
Action中的实例中,这个功能是在Struts过虑器初始化的时候初始化了一个全局变量,
从而使得调用action时,从spring ioc容器中找到这个bean,再set给action对象。
配置文件是在struts.properties 文件中声明:
struts.objectFactory = spring
struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire = name
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