React从入门到放弃之前奏:webpack4简介
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接触webpack是好久之前的事情了,最近看了下webpack没想到都到4了。
webpack 是一个现代 javascript 应用程序的静态模块打包器(module bundler).
会创建1个依赖关系图(dependency graph),包含所有依赖的模块,然后将模块打包成1个或多个bundle.
webpack4 仍然支持高度可配,但完全可以不用配置文件了(基于mode)。
核心配置:
- 入口(entry):
- 输出(output):
- loader:
- 插件(plugins):
基本特性
Entry
入口起点(entry point)指示 webpack 应该使用哪个模块,来作为构建其内部依赖图的开始。
可以通过在 webpack 配置中配置 entry 属性,来指定一个入口起点(或多个入口起点)。默认值为 ./src/index.js
webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
entry: {
main: './src/index.js'
},
};
Output
output 属性告诉 webpack 在哪里输出它所创建的 bundles,以及如何命名这些文件,默认值为./dist/[name].js
webpack.config.js
const path = require('path');
module.exports = {
entry: './src/index.js',
output: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
filename: '[name].js'
}
};
Loader
loader 让 webpack 能够去处理那些非 JavaScript 文件(webpack 自身只理解 JavaScript)。
loaders 有2个核心参数:
- test 属性,用于标识出需要转换的某个或某些文件。
- use 属性,表示进行转换时,应该使用哪个 loader。
const path = require('path');
const config = {
output: {
filename: 'bundle.js'
},
module: {
rules: [
{ test: /\.txt$/, use: 'raw-loader' }
]
}
};
module.exports = config;
Plugins
插件的范围包括,从打包优化和压缩,一直到重新定义环境中的变量。插件接口功能极其强大,可以用来处理各种各样的任务。
webpack.config.js
const htmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin'); // 通过 npm 安装
const webpack = require('webpack'); // 用于访问内置插件
const config = {
module: {
rules: [
{ test: /\.txt$/, use: 'raw-loader' }
]
},
plugins: [
new webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin(),
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({template: './src/index.html'})
]
};
module.exports = config;
Mode
通过选择 development 或 production 之中的一个,来设置 mode 参数
webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
mode: 'production'
};
mode.js
// webpack.development.config.js
module.exports = {
+ mode: 'development'
- plugins: [
- new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin(),
- new webpack.DefinePlugin({ "process.env.NODE_ENV": JSON.stringify("development") }),
- ]
}
// webpack.production.config.js
module.exports = {
+ mode: 'production',
- plugins: [
- new UglifyJsPlugin(/* ... */),
- new webpack.DefinePlugin({ "process.env.NODE_ENV": JSON.stringify("production") }),
- new webpack.optimize.ModuleConcatenationPlugin(),
- new webpack.NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin()
- ]
}
常用插件
HtmlWebpackPlugin:
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: 'src/index.html', minify: true, hash: true })
CleanWebpackPlugin:
const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
new CleanWebpackPlugin(['dist'])
MiniCssExtractPlugin(ExtractTextPlugin):
new MiniCssExtractPlugin({ filename: "[name].css",chunkFilename: "[id].css" })
module: {
rules: [{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
'css-loader'
]}
]
}
SplitChunksPlugin:
module.exports = {
mode: 'development',
entry: {
main: './src/index.js',
vendors: 'lodash'
},
optimization: {
splitChunks: {
cacheGroups: {
vendors: {
test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
name: "vendors",
chunks: "initial"
}
}
}
}
}
配置示例
const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require("mini-css-extract-plugin");
const path = require('path');
module.exports = {
mode: 'development',
entry: {
main: './src/index.js',
},
devtool: 'inline-source-map',
devServer: {
contentBase: './dist'
},
output: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
filename: '[name].js',
},
module: {
rules: [{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
'css-loader'
]
}, {
test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
loader: 'babel-loader',
options: {
presets: ['react']
},
exclude: /node_modules/
}]
},
plugins: [
new CleanWebpackPlugin(['dist']),
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: 'src/index.html', minify: true, hash: true }),
new MiniCssExtractPlugin({ filename: "[name].css", chunkFilename: "[id].css" })
],
externals: {
lodash: '_',
react: 'React',
'react-dom': 'ReactDOM'
},
optimization: {
splitChunks: {
cacheGroups: {
common: {
test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
name: "common",
chunks: "initial"
}
}
}
}
};
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