Linux常用基本命令(file,chown)

Posted 2020-11-03 ghostwu

１，file命令作用，查看文件的类型

[email protected]:~$ dirname ./linux/rename/1.htm 
./linux/rename
[email protected]:~$ file ./linux/rename/1.htm 
./linux/rename/1.htm: empty
[email protected]:~$ echo ‘this is a html file‘ > ./linux/rename/1.htm 
[email protected]:~$ file ./linux/rename/1.htm 
./linux/rename/1.htm: ASCII text
[email protected]:~$ which ls
/bin/ls
[email protected]:~$ file /bin/ls
/bin/ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=d0bc0fb9b3f60f72bbad3c5a1d24c9e2a1fde775, stripped
[email protected]:~$ file ./python/
for.py      func3.py    func5.py    global2.py  while1.py   
func2.py    func4.py    func.py     global.py   while.py    
[email protected]:~$ file ./python/for.py 
./python/for.py: ASCII text
[email protected]:~$ file ./python/
./python/: directory

 ２，chown: 改变文件或者目录的用户和用户组

用法：chown [option] [owner]:[group] [file]

注意：

>:可以用.代替

>用户和组要真实存在

常用参数: -R，递归修改目录的用户和用户组

把两个字符的 以.html结尾的文件删除，剩下少一点的文件，比较好看结果

[email protected]:~/linux/rename$ ls
100.htm  19.htm  28.htm  37.htm  46.htm  55.htm  64.htm  73.htm  82.htm  91.htm
10.htm   1.htm   29.htm  38.htm  47.htm  56.htm  65.htm  74.htm  83.htm  92.htm
11.htm   20.htm  2.htm   39.htm  48.htm  57.htm  66.htm  75.htm  84.htm  93.htm
12.htm   21.htm  30.htm  3.htm   49.htm  58.htm  67.htm  76.htm  85.htm  94.htm
13.htm   22.htm  31.htm  40.htm  4.htm   59.htm  68.htm  77.htm  86.htm  95.htm
14.htm   23.htm  32.htm  41.htm  50.htm  5.htm   69.htm  78.htm  87.htm  96.htm
15.htm   24.htm  33.htm  42.htm  51.htm  60.htm  6.htm   79.htm  88.htm  97.htm
16.htm   25.htm  34.htm  43.htm  52.htm  61.htm  70.htm  7.htm   89.htm  98.htm
17.htm   26.htm  35.htm  44.htm  53.htm  62.htm  71.htm  80.htm  8.htm   99.htm
18.htm   27.htm  36.htm  45.htm  54.htm  63.htm  72.htm  81.htm  90.htm  9.htm
[email protected]:~/linux/rename$ find . -name "??.htm" | xargs rm
[email protected]:~/linux/rename$ ls
100.htm  1.htm  2.htm  3.htm  4.htm  5.htm  6.htm  7.htm  8.htm  9.htm

２，改变用户和组　需要root权限

[email protected]:/home/ghostwu/linux/rename# ls -l
total 4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ghostwu ghostwu  0 5月   8 22:24 100.htm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ghostwu ghostwu 20 5月   8 22:49 1.htm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ghostwu ghostwu  0 5月   8 22:24 2.htm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ghostwu ghostwu  0 5月   8 22:24 3.htm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ghostwu ghostwu  0 5月   8 22:24 4.htm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ghostwu ghostwu  0 5月   8 22:24 5.htm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ghostwu ghostwu  0 5月   8 22:24 6.htm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ghostwu ghostwu  0 5月   8 22:24 7.htm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ghostwu ghostwu  0 5月   8 22:24 8.htm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ghostwu ghostwu  0 5月   8 22:24 9.htm
[email protected]:/home/ghostwu/linux/rename# chown root.root 1.htm 
[email protected]:/home/ghostwu/linux/rename# ls -l 1.htm 
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 20 5月   8 22:49 1.htm
[email protected]:/home/ghostwu/linux/rename# chown root:root 2.htm
[email protected]:/home/ghostwu/linux/rename# ls -l 2.htm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 5月   8 22:24 2.htm
[email protected]:/home/ghostwu/linux/rename# mkdir -p a/{b,c}
[email protected]:/home/ghostwu/linux/rename# tree a
a
├── b
└── c

2 directories, 0 files
[email protected]:/home/ghostwu/linux/rename# man tree
[email protected]:/home/ghostwu/linux/rename# tree -ug a
a
├── [root     root    ]  b
└── [root     root    ]  c

2 directories, 0 files
[email protected]:/home/ghostwu/linux/rename# chown -R ghostwu.ghostwu a
[email protected]:/home/ghostwu/linux/rename# tree -ug a
a
├── [ghostwu  ghostwu ]  b
└── [ghostwu  ghostwu ]  c

2 directories, 0 files
[email protected]:/home/ghostwu/linux/rename# ls -ld a
drwxr-xr-x 4 ghostwu ghostwu 4096 5月   8 23:01 a
[email protected]:/home/ghostwu/linux/rename#