Linux学习笔记十二周二次课（4月24日）

Posted 2020-11-01

12.6 nginx安装

cd /usr/local/src

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

tar zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

make && make install

查看配置文件是否有错 -t

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

启动脚本编辑：

vim /etc/init.d/nginx //复制如下内容（参考https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/etc_init.d_nginx）

内容为

--------------------------------------------------------------

#!/bin/bash

# chkconfig: - 30 21

# description: http service.

# Source Function Library

. /etc/init.d/functions

# Nginx Settings

NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"

RETVAL=0

prog="Nginx"

start()

{

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp

daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF

RETVAL=$?

echo

return $RETVAL

}

stop()

{

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM

rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp

RETVAL=$?

echo

return $RETVAL

}

reload()

{

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP

RETVAL=$?

echo

return $RETVAL

}

restart()

{

stop

start

}

configtest()

{

$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t

return 0

}

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

reload)

reload

;;

restart)

restart

;;

configtest)

configtest

;;

*)

echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"

RETVAL=1

esac

exit $RETVAL

--------------------------------------------------------------

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

chkconfig --add nginx

chkconfig nginx on

cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/;mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak

vim nginx.conf //写入如下内容（参考https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/nginx.conf）

内容为

--------------------------------------------------------------

user nobody nobody;

worker_processes 2;

error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 6000;

}

http

{

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;

server_names_hash_max_size 4096;

log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'

' $host "$request_uri" $status'

' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 30;

client_header_timeout 3m;

client_body_timeout 3m;

send_timeout 3m;

connection_pool_size 256;

client_header_buffer_size 1k;

large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;

request_pool_size 4k;

output_buffers 4 32k;

postpone_output 1460;

client_max_body_size 10m;

client_body_buffer_size 256k;

client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;

proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;

fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;

fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

tcp_nodelay on;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 8k;

gzip_comp_level 5;

gzip_http_version 1.1;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm

application/xml;

server

{

listen 80;

server_name localhost;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /usr/local/nginx/html;

location ~ \.php$

{

include fastcgi_params;

fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;

}

}

}

--------------------------------------------------------------

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

/etc/init.d/nginx start

ps aux | grep nginx

netstat -lntp | grep 80

测试#curl localhost

测试php

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php

写入以下内容

----------------------------------------------------------------

<?php

echo "This is nginx test page";

----------------------------------------------------------------

测试curl localhost/1.php

12.7 默认虚拟主机

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //http里增加下面一行

include vhost/*.conf;

mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost

cd !$;vim default.conf //加入如下内容

----------------------------------------------------------------

server

{

listen 80 default_server; //有这个标记的就是默认虚拟主机

server_name aaa.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/wwwroot/default;

}

----------------------------------------------------------------

mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default

cd /data/wwwroot/default

echo "This is a default site." > /data/wwwroot/default/index.html

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //检查配置是否有错

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload //重新加载，也可以重启服务

或/etc/init.d/nginx restart //重启服务

curl localhost

curl -x127.0.0.1:80 123.com

12.8 Nginx用户认证

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf //写入如下内容

----------------------------------------------------------------

server

{

listen 80 ; 

server_name test.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/wwwroot/test.com;

location /

{auth_basic              "Auth";

auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;

}

}

----------------------------------------------------------------

yum install -y httpd

htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd aming //-c创建

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //检查配置是否有错

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload //重新加载

curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I

curl -uaming:lishiming -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com //404错误，-u指定用户；

ls /data/wwwroot/test.com

mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com

echo "test.com" > /data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html

curl -uaming:lishiming -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com

指定访问admin才认证

curl -uaming:lishiming -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

将location /修改为location /admin/即可；

curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com  //就不用指定用户了；

curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/  //提示401用户请求

12.9 Nginx域名重定向

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf //修改为如下内容

----------------------------------------------------------------

server

{

listen 80 ;

server_name test.com  test1.com   test2.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/wwwroot/test.com;

if($host!='test.com'){

rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;

}

location ~ admin.php

{auth_basic              "Auth";

auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;

}

}

----------------------------------------------------------------

^表示以某某开头，这里指http://$host

(.*)表示通配所有，$表示直到结尾；

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //检查配置是否有错

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload //重新加载

curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test2.com/index.html -I //提示301，都重定向到test.com/index.html网页；

扩展

nginx.conf 配置详解 http://www.ha97.com/5194.htmlhttp://my.oschina.net/duxuefeng/blog/34880

nginx rewrite四种flag http://www.netingcn.com/nginx-rewrite-flag.htmlhttp://unixman.blog.51cto.com/10163040/1711943