简单搭建web服务器

Posted 2020-08-19

第一章实验（一）：搭建web服务器

1.环境准备：

开启一台centos6.5系统的虚拟机作为web服务器，确认ip地址为192.168.100.150,网关为192.168.100.100，dns为192.168.100.100.

另外一台同样系统的虚拟机，ip地址为192.168.100.100  作为dns服务器

首先设置主机名，保证主机名和web服务器的域名相同：

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network   ##设置主机的FQDN

NETWORKING=yes

HOSTNAME=www.linuxfan.cn

:wq

[[email protected] ~]# reboot

 

 

登录到192.168.100.100的 DNS服务器上添加主机的dns解析：

[[email protected] ~]# vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/linuxfan.cn.zone

www    IN    A    192.168.100.150

:wq

 

[[email protected] ~]# vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/192.168.100.arpa

（添加反向解析）

150    IN    PTR    www.linuxfan.cn.

:wq

 

/etc/init.d/named  restart（重启域名服务）

 

[[email protected] ~]# nslookup（做域名解析测试）

> server 192.168.100.100

Default server: 192.168.100.100

Address: 192.168.100.100#53

> www.linuxfan.cn

Server:192.168.100.100

Address:192.168.100.100#53

 

Name:www.linuxfan.cn

Address: 192.168.100.150

> exit 

[[email protected] ~]#

2.下载软件并安装：登录192.168.100.150(web服务器）

1）下载httpd

[[email protected] ~]# lftp ftp.linuxfan.cn    ( dns服务器也作为ftp服务器）

lftp ftp.linuxfan.cn:~> cd tools/

lftp ftp.linuxfan.cn:/tools> get httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz

6597991 bytes transferred                                 

lftp ftp.linuxfan.cn:/tools> bye

[[email protected] ~]# ls httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz

 

2）解压并安装：

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

yum -y install openssl-devel  ##安装openssl-devel提供https的支持

[[email protected] ~]# tar zxvf httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz -C /usr/src/

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/httpd-2.2.17/

[[email protected] httpd-2.2.17]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-cgi --enable-ssl  &&  make  &&make install

[[email protected] httpd-2.2.17]# echo $?   ##返回0为成功

 

[[email protected] httpd-2.2.17]# ls /usr/local/httpd/   ##安装成功

bin    cgi-bin  error   icons    lib   man     modules

build  conf     htdocs  include  logs  manual

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/httpd

 

3.安装后优化和调整：

 

[[email protected] httpd]# ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/* /usr/local/bin/   ##优化执行命令的路径

 

[[email protected] httpd]# cp /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd

[[email protected] httpd]# vim /etc/init.d/httpd    ##在开始位置修改bash和添加chkconfig和description；修改第82行实现执行命令时友好提示

1 #!/bin/bash        ##声明shell为bash

2 # chkconfig: 35 85 15     ##在3和5运行级别开机启动，开机启动顺序为85，关机关闭顺序为15

3 # description: A Scripts for apache httpd deamon!   

 

82 $HTTPD -k $ARGV  &&echo "httpd is $ARGV complete."      ##第82行

:wq

 

 

[[email protected] httpd]# ls -l /etc/init.d/httpd   ##确认文件有执行权限，如果没有使用命令

“chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd”授权

[[email protected] httpd]# chkconfig --add httpd

[[email protected] httpd]# chkconfig --list httpd

httpd          0:关闭1:关闭2:关闭3:启用4:关闭5:启用6:关闭

 

4.修改配置文件并启动服务：

[[email protected] httpd]# vim /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

:set nu  ##打印出行号

 88 ServerAdmin [email protected]    ##修改管理员的邮箱

 98 ServerName www.linuxfan.cn:80    ##添加网站的FQDN

:wq

 

[[email protected] httpd]# /etc/init.d/httpd start   ##启动服务

httpd is start complete.

 

[[email protected] httpd]# ps aux |grep httpd   ##查看进程

root      73341  0.0  0.5  54808  2520 ?        Ss   03:21   0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start

daemon    73342  0.0  0.4  54944  2000 ?        S    03:21   0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start

daemon    73343  0.0  0.4  54944  2000 ?        S    03:21   0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start

daemon    73344  0.0  0.4  54944  2000 ?        S    03:21   0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start

daemon    73345  0.0  0.4  54944  2000 ?        S    03:21   0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start

daemon    73346  0.0  0.4  54944  2000 ?        S    03:21   0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start

[[email protected] httpd]# netstat -utpln |grep httpd    ##查看监听

tcp        0      0 :::80                       :::*                        LISTEN      73341/httpd

 

5.访问并测试：

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install elinks  ##在192.168.100.100上进行测试

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf

; generated by /sbin/dhclient-script

nameserver 192.168.100.100   ##添加DNS服务器

nameserver 192.168.3.5     ##不必修改，此dns服务器为桥接网卡自动获取的dns服务器目的是能上公网

 

此次外网的网卡网段为192.168.1.0

 

网段不同，此外网网段为192.168.1.0网段

[[email protected] ~]# elinks --dump http://www.linuxfan.cn   ##成功完成实验

(elinks：将html网页用文本的方式显示）

                                   It works!

 

windows主机上使用IE或者chrome（谷歌），firefox（火狐）等浏览器访问：

http://www.linuxfan.cn

 

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