linux虚拟机Virtual Machine Manager

Posted 2020-10-31

一、虚拟机安装

1.启动虚拟加管理器

 [[email protected] ~]# virt-manager 

2.新建一个虚拟机

1. 点击左上角File—>New Virtual Machine，选择Local install media ( ISO image or CDROM )，点击Forward
2. 选择Use ISO image，点击Browse从本地选择一个OS镜像，我选择的是rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso，点击Forward
3. Memory ( RAM ) 填写512MB，这样可以最小化（无GUI）安装，CPUs默认分配一颗核心即可，点击Forward
4. 填写20GiB作为虚拟机磁盘空间，点击Forward
5. Name填写rhel-6.5-server，点击Finish

虚拟机创建完成

3.安装OS镜像至虚拟机

1. 点击Begin Installation，回车开始安装
2. 空格键选择OK
3. 空格键选择Test
4. 等待Test完成，空格键选择OK，然后再选择OK
5. Tab键选择Continue，空格键确认
6. 空格键选择OK
7. 默认English，Tab键选择OK，空格键确认
8. 默认us，Tab键选择OK，空格键确认
9. Tab键选择Re-initialize all，全部格式化，空格键确认
10. Tab键选择Asia/Shanghai，Tab键选择OK，空格键确认
11. 输入root密码并确认密码，完成后Tab选择OK，空格键确认（如果输入的密码比较简单，会提示密码强度较弱，选择Use Anyway即可生效）
12. 默认Replace existing Linux system，Tab键选择OK，空格键确认
13. Tab键选择Write changes to disk，空格键确认
14. 等待安装完成，空格键选择Reboot

虚拟机安装完成

二、封装虚拟机镜像

1.虚拟机镜像

使用RHEL中的Virtual Machine Manager创建的虚拟机会生成后缀为.qcow2的虚拟机镜像文件
Virtual Machine Manager支持从.qcow2的虚拟机镜像文件创建虚拟机，这样我们就可以通过管理镜像，从而很方便的创建与管理linux虚拟机。

#####2.配置虚拟机
需要使用刚才安装的虚拟机封装一个虚拟机母镜像，所以我们来配置这个虚拟机，方便以后的使用
开启虚拟机，使用root身份登入系统，进行对应的配置，然后关机（注意要关机而不是重启）
我的配置有：
1.修改主机名：

 [[email protected] ~]# hostname server1
 [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
 NETWORKING=yes
 HOSTNAME=server1

2.关闭防火墙

 [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig iptables off

3.关闭selinux

 [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config 
 ...
 SELINUX=disabled
 ...

4.配置网络

 [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
 DEVICE="eth0"
 BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
 ONBOOT="yes"
 IPADDR=172.25.29.1
 PREFIX=24
 [[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d/
 [[email protected] rules.d]# ls
 60-raw.rules  70-persistent-net.rules
 [[email protected] rules.d]# rm -f 70-persistent-net.rules 
 [[email protected] rules.d]# /etc/init.d/network restart
 Shutting down interface eth0:                              [  OK  ]
 Shutting down loopback interface:                          [  OK  ]
 Bringing up loopback interface:                            [  OK  ]
 Bringing up interface eth0:  Determining if ip address 172.25.29.1 is already in use for device eth0...
                                                            [  OK  ]

5.主机名解析

 [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/hosts
 127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4  localhost4.localdomain4
 ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
 172.25.29.1 server1
 172.25.29.2 server2
 172.25.29.3 server3
 172.25.29.4 server4
 172.25.29.5 server5
 172.25.29.6 server6

6.配置yum源

 [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo 
 [rhel-dvd]
 name=rhel6.5-dvd
 baseurl=http://172.25.29.250/rhel6.5
 gpgcheck=0

 [HighAvailability]
 name=HighAvailability
 baseurl=http://172.25.29.250/rhel6.5/HighAvailability
 gpgcheck=0

 [LoadBalancer]
 name=LoadBalancer
 baseurl=http://172.25.29.250/rhel6.5/LoadBalancer
 gpgcheck=0

 [ResilientStorage]
 name=ResilientStorage
 baseurl=http://172.25.29.250/rhel6.5/ResilientStorage
 gpgcheck=0

 [ScalableFileSystem]
 name=ScalableFileSystem
 baseurl=http://172.25.29.250/rhel6.5/ScalableFileSystem
 gpgcheck=0

7.安装常用软件及服务

 [[email protected] ~]# yum clean all
 Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager
 This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
 Cleaning repos: HighAvailability LoadBalancer ResilientStorage
               : ScalableFileSystem rhel-dvd
 Cleaning up Everything
 [[email protected] ~]# yum install -y vim man lftp
 ...

8.关机

 [[email protected] ~]# poweroff

3.使用qcow2文件创建虚拟机

1.初始化域

 [[email protected] ~]# cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
 [[email protected] images]# virt-sysprep -d rhel-6.5-server
 [   0.0] Examining the guest ...
 [  69.0] Performing "abrt-data" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "bash-history" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "blkid-tab" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "crash-data" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "cron-spool" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "dhcp-client-state" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "dhcp-server-state" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "dovecot-data" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "logfiles" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "machine-id" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "mail-spool" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "net-hostname" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "net-hwaddr" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "pacct-log" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "package-manager-cache" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "pam-data" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "puppet-data-log" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "rh-subscription-manager" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "rhn-systemid" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "rpm-db" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "samba-db-log" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "script" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "smolt-uuid" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "ssh-hostkeys" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "ssh-userdir" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "sssd-db-log" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "tmp-files" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "udev-persistent-net" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "utmp" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "yum-uuid" ...
 [  69.0] Performing "customize" ...
 [  69.0] Setting a random seed
 [  69.0] Performing "lvm-uuids" ...

2.创建虚拟机image
首先删除原虚拟机并且保留qcow2镜像，其原因是为了避免母镜像（即原虚拟机rhel-6.5-server）与使用该qcow2文件创建的虚拟机同时工作导致错误
删除过程：

1. 打开Virtual Machine Manager
2. 在rhel-6.5-server上右键并选中Delete
3. 取消勾选Delete associated storage files，然后单击Delete删除

创建基于rhel-6.5-server.qcow2的虚拟机

 [[email protected] images]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b rhel-6.5-server.qcow2 server1
 Formatting ‘server1‘, fmt=qcow2 size=21474836480 backing_file=‘rhel-6.5-server.qcow2‘ encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off
 [[email protected] images]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b rhel-6.5-server.qcow2 server2
 Formatting ‘server2‘, fmt=qcow2 size=21474836480 backing_file=‘rhel-6.5-server.qcow2‘ encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off
 [[email protected] images]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b rhel-6.5-server.qcow2 server3
 Formatting ‘server3‘, fmt=qcow2 size=21474836480 backing_file=‘rhel-6.5-server.qcow2‘ encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off

3.创建虚拟机

1. 点击左上角File—>New Virtual Machine，选择Import existing disk image，点击Forward
2. 点击Browse，点击左上角default，选择刚才创建的server1，点击Choose Volume，OS tyoe选择Linux，Version选择对应的RHEL6.5，点击Forward
3. Memory ( RAM ) 和CPUs根据需求分配，一般Memory ( RAM ) 分配512MiB或1024MiB，CPUs分配一颗核心即可，点击Forward
4. Name填写server1，点击Finish

server1创建完成，同上可以创建server2，server3
4.server1，server2，server3设置
开机并设置好eth0，hostname