nginx配置段
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;// 有1个工作的子进程,可以自行修改,但太大无益,因为要争夺CPU,一般设置为 CPU数*核数
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {// 一般是配置nginx连接的特性 如1个word能同时允许多少连接
worker_connections 1024;// 这是指 一个子进程最大允许连1024个连接
}
http {//这是配置http服务器的主要段
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
# ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
# ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {// 这是虚拟主机段
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {//定位,把特殊的路径或文件再次定位 ,如image目录单独处理
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the php scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache‘s document root
# concurs with nginx‘s one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
一、基于域名的配置
server {
listen 80; #监听端口
server_name sang.com; #监听域名
location / {
root sang.com; #根目录定位
index index.html;
}
}
二、基于端口的配置
server {
listen 8080;
server_name sang.com;
location / {
root /var/sang/html;
index index.html;
}
}
三、基于IP的配置
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.1.200;
location / {
root html/ip;#ip目录
index index.html;
}
}
四、日志管理
我们观察nginx的server段,可以看到如下类似信息
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
这说明 该server, 它的访问日志的文件是 logs/host.access.log ,
使用的格式”main”格式.
除了main格式,你可以自定义其他格式.
main格式是什么?
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
# ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
# ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
main格式是我们定义好一种日志的格式,并起个名字,便于引用.
以上面的例子, main类型的日志,记录的 remote_addr.... http_x_forwarded_for等选项.
1: 日志格式 是指记录哪些选项
默认的日志格式: main
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
如默认的main日志格式,记录这么几项
远程IP- 远程用户/用户时间 请求方法(如GET/POST) 请求体body长度 referer来源信息
http-user-agent用户代理/蜘蛛 ,被转发的请求的原始IP
http_x_forwarded_for:在经过代理时,代理把你的本来IP加在此头信息中,传输你的原始IP
2: 声明一个独特的log_format并命名
log_format mylog ‘$remote_addr- "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
在下面的server/location,我们就可以引用 mylog
在server段中,这样来声明
Nginx允许针对不同的server做不同的Log ,(有的web服务器不支持,如lighttp)
access_log logs/access_8080.log mylog;
声明log log位置 log格式;
3、实际应用：
shell+定时任务+nginx信号管理,完成日志按日期存储
分析思路:
凌晨00:00:01,把昨天的日志重命名,放在相应的目录下
再USR1信息号控制nginx重新生成新的日志文件
具体脚本:
#!/bin/bash base_path=‘/usr/local/nginx/logs‘ log_path=$(date -d yesterday +"%Y%m") day=$(date -d yesterday +"%d") mkdir -p $base_path/$log_path mv $base_path/access.log $base_path/$log_path/access_$day.log #echo $base_path/$log_path/access_$day.log kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
定时任务
Crontab 编辑定时任务
01 00 * * * /xxx/path/b.sh 每天0时1分(建议在02-04点之间,系统负载小)